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8. Koran 75:17-19.
9. Koran 42:7.
10. Koran 88:21-2.
11. Koran 29:61-3.
12. Koran 96:6-8.
13. Koran 80:24-32.
14. Koran 92:18; 9:103; 63:9; 102:1.
15. Koran 24:1, 45.
16. Koran 2:158-9.
17. Koran 20:114-15.
18. Ibn Ishaq, Sira 227 in Guillaume (trans.) The Life of Muhammad, P.159.
19. Ibid. 228, p.158.
20. George Steiner, Real Presences, Is there anything in what we say? (London, 1989), pp. 142-3.
21. Koran 53:19-26.
22. Karen Armstrong, Muhammad: A Western Attempt to Understand Islam (London, 1991), pp.108-117.
23. Koran 109.
24. Koran 112.
25. Quoted in Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 'G.o.d' in Islamic Spirituality: Foundation which he also edited, (London, 1987), p.32i.
26. Koran 2:11.
27. Koran 55:26.
28. Koran 24:35.
29. Armstrong, Muhammad, pp.21-44; 86-88.
30. Koran 29:46.
31. Ibn Ishaq, Sira 362 in Guillaume (trans.) A Life of Muhammad, $.246.
32. This is Muhammad Asad's translation of ahl al-kitab, usually rendered: 'the people of the Book'.
33. Koran 2:135-6.
34. Ali Shariati, Hajj (trans. Laleh Bakhtiar) (Teheran, 1988), pp.54-6.
35. Koran 33:35.
36. Quoted in Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 'The Significance of the Sunnah and Hadith' in Islamic Spirituality, pp.107-8.
37. 1 John 1.1.
38. W. Montgomery Watt, Free Will and Predestination in Early Islam (London, 1948) p. 139.
39. Abu al-Hasan ibn Ismail al Ashari, Malakat 1.197, quoted in A.J. Wensinck, The Muslim Creed, Its Genesis and Historical Development (Cambridge, 1932), pp.67-8.
6 - The G.o.d of the Philosophers 1. Translated by R. Walzer, 'Islamic Philosophy,' quoted in S. H. Nasr, 'Theology, Philosophy and Spirituality' in Islamic Spirituality: Manifestations (London, 1991), which he also edited, p.411.
2. Because they both came from Rayy in Iran.
3. Quoted 4n Azim Nanji, 'Ismailism' in S. H. Nasr, Islamic Spirituality: Foundation, which he also edited (London, 1987), pp. 195-6.
4. See Henri Corbin, Spiritual Body and Celestial Earth, From Mazdean Iran to s.h.i.+te Iran (trans. Nancy Pearson), (London, 1990) pp.51-72.
5. Ibid. P51.
6. Rasai'il I, 76, quoted in Majid Fakhry, A History of Islamic Philosophy (New York and London, 1970), p. 193.
7. Rasai'l IV, 42, in ibid., p.187.
8. Metaphysics XII,ioj4b, 32.
9. Al-Mundiqh al-Dalal, trans, in W. Montgomery Watt, The Faith and Practice of Al Ghazzali (London, 1953), p.20.
10. Quoted in John Bowker, The Religious Imagination and the Sense of G.o.d (Oxford, 1978), p.202.
11. When Western scholars read his work, they a.s.sumed that al-Ghazzali was a Faylasuf.
12. Mundiqh, in Watt, The Faith and Practice of Al Ghazzali, p.59- 13. Bowker, The Religious Imagination and the Sense of G.o.d, pp.222-6.
14. Koran 24:35, quoted on p.176-7.
15. Mishkat al-Anwar, quoted in Fakhry, A History of Islamic Philosophy, p.278.
16. Kuzari, Book II, quoted inj. Abelson, The Immanence of G.o.d in Rabbinic Literature (London, 1912), p.257 17. Koran 3:5.
18. Listed in Fakhry, A History of Islamic Philosophy, pp_313-14.
19. Listed in Julius Guttman, Philosophies of Judaism, the History of Jewish Philosophy from Biblical Times to Franz Rosenztveig (trans. David W. Silverman) (London and New York, 1964), p. 179.
20. Quoted in Abelson, The Immanence of G.o.d in Rabbinic Literature, P.245.
21. For early crusading att.i.tudes, Karen Armstrong, Holy War, The Crusades and their Impact on Today's World (New York, 1991, London, 1992) pp.49-75.
22. Exposition of the Celestial Hierarchy, 2.1.
23. Periphsean, Migne, PL, 426C-D.
24. Ibid. 4287 B.
25. Ibid. 680 D-681-A.
26. Ibid.
27. Vladimir Lossky, The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church (London, 1957), pp.57-65.
28. Monologion I.
29. Proslogion I.
30. Proslogion, 2. Commenting on Isaiah 7:9.
31. John Macquarrie, In Search of Deity; An Essay in Dialectical Theism (London, 1984), pp.201-2.
32. Epistle 191.1.
33. Quoted in Henry Adams, Mont Saint-Michel and Chartres (London, 1986), p.296.
34. Armstrong, Holy War, pp. 199-234.
35. Thomas Aquinas, De Potentia, q.7, 3.5. ad.14.
36. Summa Theologiae ia, 13, 11.
37. The Journey of the Mind to G.o.d, 6.2.
38. Ibid. 3.1.
39. Ibid. 1.7.
7 - The G.o.d of the Mystics 1. John Macquarrie, Thinking About G.o.d (London, 1957) p.34.
2. Hagigah 14b, quoting Psalms 101:7; 116:15; 25:16.
3. Quoted in Louis Jacobs (ed.) The Jewish Mystics (Jerusalem, 1976, London, 1990), p.23.
4. 2 Corinthians 2:2-4.
5. The Song of Songs, 5:10-15.
6. Translated in T. Carmi (ed. and trans.) The Penguin Book of Hebrew Verse (London, 1981) p.199.
7. Koran 53:13-17.
8. Confessions IX, 24 (trans. Henry Chadwick) (Oxford, 1991) p.171.
9. Joseph Campbell (with Bill Moyers), The Power of Myth (New York, 1988), p.85.
10. Annemarie Schimmel, And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety (Chapel Hill and London, 1985). PP-161-75.
11. Confessions IX:24, (trans. Chadwick), p.171.
12. Confessions IX,25, pp.171-2.
13. Ibid.
14. Morals on Job v.66.
15. Ibid xxiv.ii.
16. Homilies on Ezekiel II, ii, i.
17. Commentary on the Song of Songs, 6.
18. Epistle 234.1.
19. On Prayer, 67.
20. Ibid. 71.
21. Ambigua, PG.91 1088c 22. Peter Brown with Sabine MacCormack, 'Artifices of Eternity', in Brown, society and the Holy in Late Antiquity (London, 1992), p.2i2.
23. Nicephoras, Greater Apology for the Holy Images, 70.
24. Theological Orations I.
25. Ethical Orations 1.3.
26. Orations 26.
27. Ethical Orations 5.
28. Hymns of Divine Love 28.114-15, 160-2.
29. Encyclopaedia of Islam (1st edn. Leiden 1913), entry under 'Tasawwuf.
30. Trans. R. A. Nicholson, quoted in A. J. Arberry, Sufism, An Account of the Mystics of Islam (London, 1950), p-43- 31. Quoted in R. A. Nicholson, The Mystics of Islam (London, 1963 edn.), p.115.
32. Narrative, quoted in Marshall G.S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam, Conscience and History in a World Civilization 3 Vols, (Chicago, 1974), I., p.404.
33. Quoted in Arberry, Sufism, p.59.
