Latin for Beginners Part 16

SINGULAR 1. re'go, _I rule_ au'dio, _I hear_ 2. re'gis, _you rule_ au'dis, _you hear_ 3. re'git, _he (she, it) rules_ au'dit, _he (she, it) hears_

PLURAL 1. re'gimus, _we rule_ audi'mus, _we hear_ 2. re'gitis, _you rule_ audi'tis, _you hear_ 3. re'gunt, _they rule_ au'diunt, _they hear_

1. The personal endings are the same as before.

2. The final short <-e->> of the stem > combines with the <-o>> in the first person, becomes <-u->> in the third person plural, and becomes <-i->> elsewhere. The inflection is like that of >, the future of >.

3. In <-u->> is inserted between the stem and the personal ending, as <-t>> just as in >.

(Cf. --12.2.)

Note that <-i->> is always short in the third conjugation and long in the fourth, excepting where long vowels are regularly shortened. (Cf.

--12.1, 2.)

<148.>> Like > and

INDICATIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE PRESENT

ago, _I drive_ agere, _to drive_ dico, _I say_ dicere, _to say_ duco, _I lead_ ducere, _to lead_ mitto, _I send_ mittere, _to send_ munio, _I fortify_ munire, _to fortify_ reperio, _I find_ reperire, _to find_ venio, _I come_ venire, _to come_

<149.>> EXERCISES

I. 1. Quis agit? Cur venit? Quem mitt.i.t? Quem ducis? 2. Quid mittunt? Ad quem veniunt? Cuius castra muniunt? 3. Quem agunt? Venimus. Quid puer reperit? 4. Quem mittimus? Cuius equum ducitis? Quid dic.u.n.t? 5. Munimus, venitis, dicit. 6. Agimus, reperitis, munis. 7. Reperis, ducitis, dicis.

8. Agitis, audimus, regimus.

II. 1. What do they find? Whom do they hear? Why does he come? 2. Whose camp are we fortifying? To whom does he say? What are we saying? 3. I am driving, you are leading, they are hearing. 4. You send, he says, you fortify (_sing. and plur._). 5. I am coming, we find, they send. 6. They lead, you drive, he does fortify. 7. You lead, you find, you rule, (_all plur._).

<150.>> CORNELIA AND HER JEWELS (_Concluded_)

Proximum domicilio Corneliae erat pulchrae Campanae domicilium. Campana erat superba non solum forma sua sed maxime ornamentis suis. Ea[1]

laudabat semper. "Habesne tu ulla ornamenta, Cornelia?" inquit. "Ubi sunt tua ornamenta?" Deinde Cornelia filios suos Tiberium et Gaium vocat. "Pueri mei," inquit, "sunt mea ornamenta. Nam boni liberi sunt semper bonae feminae ornamenta maxime clara."

NOTE. The only new words here are >, >, and >.

[Footnote 1: >, accusative plural neuter.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: "PUERI MEI SUNT MEA ORNAMENTA"]

LESSON XXIV

IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE OF _REGO_ AND _AUDIO_ THE DATIVE WITH SPECIAL INTRANSITIVE VERBS

<151.>> PARADIGMS

CONJUGATION III CONJUGATION IV SINGULAR 1. rege'bam, _I was ruling_ audie'bam, _I was hearing_ 2. rege'bas, _you were riding_ audie'bas, _you were hearing_ 3. rege'bat, _he was ruling_ audie'bat, _he was hearing_

PLURAL 1. regeba'mus, _we were ruling_ audieba'mus, _we were hearing_ 2. regeba'tis, _you were ruling_ audieba'tis, _you were hearing_ 3. rege'bant, _they were ruling_ audie'bant, _they were hearing_

1. The tense sign is <-ba->>, as in the first two conjugations.

2. Observe that the final <-e->> of the stem is lengthened before the tense sign <-ba->>. This makes the imperfect of the third conjugation just like the imperfect of the second (cf. > and >).

3. In the fourth conjugation <-e->> is inserted between the stem and the tense sign <-ba->> (

4. In a similar manner inflect the verbs given in --148.

<152.>> EXERCISES

I. 1. Agebat, veniebat, mittebat, ducebant. 2. Agebant, mittebant, ducebas, muniebant. 3. Mittebamus, ducebatis, dicebant. 4. Muniebamus, veniebatis, dicebas. 5. Mittebas, veniebamus, reperiebat. 6. Reperiebas, veniebas, audiebatis. 7. Agebamus, reperiebatis, muniebat. 8. Agebatis, dicebam, muniebam.

II. 1. They were leading, you were driving (_sing. and plur._), he was fortifying. 2. They were sending, we were finding, I was coming. 3. You were sending, you were fortifying, (_sing. and plur._), he was saying.

4. They were hearing, you were leading (_sing. and plur._), I was driving. 5. We were saying, he was sending, I was fortifying. 6. They were coming, he was hearing, I was finding. 7. You were ruling (_sing.

and plur._), we were coming, they were ruling.

<153.>> > We learned above (--20.a) that a verb which does not admit of a direct object is called an _intransitive_ verb. Many such verbs, however, are of such meaning that they can govern an indirect object, which will, of course, be in the dative case (--45). Learn the following list of intransitive verbs with their meanings. In each case the dative indirect object is the person or thing to which a benefit, injury, or feeling is directed.

(Cf. --43.)

>, _believe_ (give belief to) >, _favor_ (show favor to) >, _injure_ (do harm to)

>, _obey_ (give obedience to)

>, _persuade_ (offer persuasion to) >, _resist_ (offer resistance to) >, _be eager for_ (give attention to)

<154.>> RULE. > _The dative of the indirect object is used with the intransitive verbs >, >, >,

>,

>, >, >, and others of like meaning._

<155.>> EXERCISE

1. Credisne verbis sociorum? Multi verbis eorum non credunt. 2. Mei finitimi consilio tuo non favebunt, quod bello student. 3. Tiberius et Gaius disciplinae durae non resistebant et Corneliae parebant. 4. Dea erat inimica septem filiabus reginae. 5. Dura poena et perpetua trist.i.tia reginae non persuadebunt. 6. Nuper ea resistebat et nunc resist.i.t potentiae Latonae. 7. Mox sagittae volabunt et liberis miseris nocebunt.

LESSON XXV

FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE OF _REGO_ AND _AUDIO_

<156.>> In the future tense of the third and fourth conjugations we meet with a new tense sign. Instead of using <-bi->>, as in the first and second conjugations, we use <-a->>[1] in the first person singular and <-e->> in the rest of the tense. In the third conjugation the final <-e->> of the stem is dropped before this tense sign; in the fourth conjugation the final <-i->> of the stem is retained.[2]

[Footnote 1: The <-a->> is shortened before <-m>> final, and <-e->> before <-t>> final and before <-nt>>. (Cf. --12.2.)]

[Footnote 2: The <-i->> is, of course, shortened, being before another vowel. (Cf. --12.1.)]

<157.>> PARADIGMS

CONJUGATION III CONJUGATION IV SINGULAR 1. re'gam, _I shall rule_ au'diam, _I shall hear_ 2. re'ges, _you will rule_ au'dies, _you will hear_ 3. re'get, _he will rule_ au'diet, _he will hear_

PLURAL 1. rege'mus, _we shall rule_ audie'mus, _we shall hear_ 2. rege'tis, _you will rule_ audie'tis, _you will hear_ 3. re'gent, _they will rule_ au'dient, _they will hear_

1. Observe that the future of the third conjugation is like the present of the second, excepting in the first person singular.

2. In the same manner inflect the verbs given in --148.

<158.>> EXERCISES

I. 1. Dicet, ducetis, muniemus. 2. Dicent, dicetis, mittemus.