Latin for Beginners Part 15

ADJECTIVES >, _slain_ >, _troublesome, annoying_ (molest)

>, _perpetual, continuous_

>, personal p.r.o.noun, _I_ (egotism). Always emphatic in the nominative.

<137.>> The tense sign of the Future Indicative in the first and second conjugations is <-bi->>. This is joined to the present stem of the verb and followed by the personal ending, as follows:

PRESENT STEM TENSE SIGN PERSONAL ENDING > > _love_ _will_ _you_

<138.>> The Future Active Indicative is inflected as follows.

CONJUGATION I CONJUGATION II SINGULAR 1. ama'bo, _I shall love_ mone'bo, _I shall advise_ 2. ama'bis, _you will love_ mone'bis, _you will advise_ 3. ama'bit, _he will love_ mone'bit, _he will advise_

PLURAL 1. ama'bimus, _we shall love_ mone'bimus, _we shall advise_ 2. ama'bitis _you will love_ mone'bitis, _you will advise_ 3. ama'bunt, _they will love_ mone'bunt, _they will advise_

_a._ The personal endings are as in the present. The ending <-bo>> in the first person singular is contracted from <-bi-o>>. The <-bi->> appears as <-bu->> in the third person plural. Note that the inflection is like that of >, the future of >. _Pay especial attention to the accent._

In a similar manner inflect the verbs given in --129.

<139.>> EXERCISES

I. 1. Movebitis, laudabis, arabo. 2. Delebitis, vocabitis, dabunt.

3. Maturabis, desiderabit, videbimus. 4. Habebit, movebunt, necabit.

5. Narrabimus, monebis, videbunt. 6. Laborabitis, curabunt, dabis.

7. Habitabimus, properabitis, iubebunt, parabit. 8. Nuntiabo, portabimus, iubebo.

II. 1. We shall announce, we shall see, I shall hasten. 2. I shall carry, he will plow, they will care for. 3. You will announce, you will move, you will give, (_sing. and plur._). 4. We shall fight, we shall destroy, I shall long for. 5. He will call, they will see, you will tell (_plur._). 6. They will dwell, we shall order, he will praise. 7. They will labor, we shall kill, you will have (_sing. and plur._), he will destroy.

<140.>> NI'OBE AND HER CHILDREN (_Concluded_)

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 288.

Apollo et Diana erant liberi Latonae. Iis Thebani sacra crebra parabant.[1] Oppidani amabant Latonam et liberos eius. Id superbae reginae erat molestum. "Cur," inquit, "Latonae et liberis sacra paratis?

Duos liberos habet Latona; quattuordecim habeo ego. Ubi sunt mea sacra?"

Latona iis verbis[2] irata liberos suos vocat. Ad eam volant Apollo Dianaque et sagittis[3] suis miseros liberos reginae superbae delent.

Niobe, nuper laeta, nunc misera, sedet apud liberos interfectos et c.u.m perpetuis lacrimis[4] eos desiderat.

NOTE. Consult the general vocabulary for >, >, and >. Try to remember the meaning of all the other words.

[Footnote 1: Observe the force of the imperfect here, _used to prepare_, _were in the habit of preparing_; so

[Footnote 2: Ablative of cause.]

[Footnote 3: Ablative of means.]

[Footnote 4: This may be either manner or accompaniment. It is often impossible to draw a sharp line between means, manner, and accompaniment. The Romans themselves drew no sharp distinction. It was enough for them if the general idea demanded the ablative case.]

LESSON XXII

REVIEW OF VERBS THE DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES

[Special Vocabulary]

NOUNS >, f., _training, culture, discipline_ >, m., _Caius_, a Roman first name >, n., _ornament, jewel_ Tiberius, Tibe'ri, m., _Tiberius_, a Roman first name

VERB >, _teach_ (doctrine)

ADVERB >, _most of all, especially_

ADJECTIVE

<141.>> Review the present, imperfect, and future active indicative, both orally and in writing, of > and the verbs in --129.

<142.>> We learned in --43 for what sort of expressions we may expect the dative, and in --44 that one of its commonest uses is with _verbs_ to express the indirect object. It is also very common with _adjectives_ to express the object toward which the quality denoted by the adjective is directed. We have already had a number of cases where >, _agreeable to_, was so followed by a dative; and in the last lesson we had >, _annoying to_, followed by that case. The usage may be more explicitly stated by the following rule:

<143.>> RULE. > _The dative is used with adjectives to denote the object toward which the given quality is directed. Such are, especially, those meaning >, also >, >,

>, >, and their opposites._

<144.>> Among such adjectives memorize the following:

>, _fit, suitable_ (for) >, _hostile_ (to) >, _pleasing_ (to), _agreeable_ (to) >, _annoying_ (to), _troublesome_ (to) >, _neighboring_ (to)

>, _nearest, next_ (to)

<145.>> EXERCISES

I. 1. Romani terram idoneam agri culturae habent. 2. Galli copiis Romanis inimici erant. 3. Cui dea Latona amica non erat? 4. Dea Latona superbae reginae amica non erat. 5. Cibus noster, Marce, erit armatis viris gratus. 6. Quid erat molestum populis Italiae? 7. Bella longa c.u.m Gallis erant molesta populis Italiae. 8. Agri Germanorum fluvio Rheno finitimi erant. 9. Romani ad silvam oppido proximam castra movebant.

10. Non solum forma sed etiam superbia reginae erat magna. 11. Mox regina pulchra erit aegra trist.i.tia. 12. Cur erat Niobe, regina Thebanorum, laeta? Laeta erat Niobe multis filiis et filiabus.

II. 1. The sacrifices of the people will be annoying to the haughty queen. 2. The sacrifices were pleasing not only to Latona but also to Diana. 3. Diana will destroy those hostile to Latona. 4. The punishment of the haughty queen was pleasing to the G.o.ddess Diana. 5. The Romans will move their forces to a large field[1] suitable for a camp. 6. Some of the allies were friendly to the Romans, others to the Gauls.

[Footnote 1: Why not the dative?]

<146.>> CORNELIA AND HER JEWELS

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 288.

Apud antiquas dominas, Cornelia, Africani filia, erat[2] maxime clara.

Filii eius erant Tiberius Gracchus et Gaius Gracchus. Ii pueri c.u.m Cornelia in oppido Roma, claro Italiae oppido, habitabant. Ibi eos curabat Cornelia et ibi magno c.u.m studio eos docebat. Bona femina erat Cornelia et bonam disciplinam maxime amabat.

NOTE. Can you translate the paragraph above? There are no new words.

[Footnote 2: Observe that all the imperfects denote continued or progressive action, or describe a state of affairs. (Cf. --134.)]

LESSON XXIII

PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE OF _REGO_ AND _AUDIO_

<147.>> As we learned in --126, the present stem of the third conjugation ends in <-e>>, and of the fourth in <-i>>. The inflection of the Present Indicative is as follows:

CONJUGATION III CONJUGATION IV > (_rule_) > PRES. STEM