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18. Lars Hormander, professor of mathematics, University of Lund, interview, 2.13.97.
19. Lax, interview.
20. Hormander, interview.
21. John Isbell, e-mail, 3.28.95.
22. Boehm, "The New Uses of the Abstract," op. cit.
23. Stanislaw Ulam, "John von Neumann, 190357," Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 64, no. 3, vol. 64, no. 3, part ii part ii (May 1958). (May 1958).
24. John Nash, "Continuity of Solutions of Parabolic and Elliptic Equations," American Journal of Mathematics, American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 80 (1958), pp. 93154. vol. 80 (1958), pp. 93154.
25. See Chapters 2 Chapters 2 and and 16 16.
26. John Nash, "Continuity of Solutions of Parabolic and Elliptic Equations," op. cit.
27. Louis Nirenberg, professor of mathematics, Courant Inst.i.tute, interview, 10.94. See also Lax, interview.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Lax, interview.
31. Ibid.
32. Nirenberg, interview.
33. Hormander, interview.
34. Ibid.
35. Lax, interview.
36. Nirenberg, interview.
37. Armand Borel, professor of mathematics. Inst.i.tute for Advanced Study, interview, 3.1.96.
38. Lax, interview.
39. Morawetz, interview; Gian-Carlo Rota, interview, 10.94.
40. Paul R. Garabedian, professor of mathematics, Courant Inst.i.tute, interview, 2.20.96.
41. "Ennio De Giorgi, 19281996" and "Interview with Ennio De Giorgi," Notices of the American Mathematical Society, Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 10.97. 10.97.
42. John Nash, Jr., Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
43. Rota, interview.
44. Lax, interview.
45. Letter from John Nash to Robert Oppenheimer, 7.10.57.
46. Ibid.
47. John Nash, plenary lecture, World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, 8.26.96, op. cit.
48. Inst.i.tute for Advanced Study, directories, various years.
49. Letter from J. Nash to R. Oppenheimer.
50. John Nash, plenary lecture, op. cit.
31: The Bomb Factory
1. Richard Emery, attorney, interview, 4.4.96.
2. Ibid.
3. Postcard from John Nash to Virginia Nash, 9.57.
4. Emma Duchane, interview, 6.26.96.
5. Alicia Nash, interview, 7.1.97.
6. Duchane, interview.
7. Hartley Rogers, interview, 2.16.96.
8. Zipporah Levinson, interview, 9.11.95.
9. A. Nash, interview, 10.94.
10. Nash's chief result was initially published in a note - submitted by Marston Morse of the Inst.i.tute for Advanced Studies on 6.10.57 - in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, no. 43 (1957), pp. 75458. The full paper was submitted to the no. 43 (1957), pp. 75458. The full paper was submitted to the American Journal of Mathematics American Journal of Mathematics nearly a year later, on 5.26.58, and published in vol. 80 (1958), pp. 93158. nearly a year later, on 5.26.58, and published in vol. 80 (1958), pp. 93158.
11. Elias Stein, professor of mathematics, Princeton University, interview, 12.2.95.
12. Lennart Carleson, professor of mathematics, University of Stockholm, interview, 10.3.95.
13. Ibid.
14. Stein, interview.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Paul R. Garabedian, interview, 2.20.96.
18. George Boehm, "The New Mathematics," two-part series, Fortune Fortune (June and July 1958). (June and July 1958).
19. Martha recalled Nash's telling her that he was considering accepting a post at Caltech in order to raise the likelihood of an offer from Harvard, possibly because Harvard and MIT had an informal nonraiding policy. Martha Nash Legg, interview, 3.30.96.
20. Letter from John Nash to Albert W. Tucker, 10.58.
21. At that time, tenure was normally not awarded until the candidate's seventh year. At MIT, unlike some other inst.i.tutions, tenure was paired with promotion to full, not a.s.sociate, professor.
22. Gian-Carlo Rota, interview, 10.94.
23. John Forbes Nash, Jr., Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
24. Awards, Honors and Prizes, Awards, Honors and Prizes, 8th edition, vol. II (Detroit: Gale Research, 1989), p. 129. 8th edition, vol. II (Detroit: Gale Research, 1989), p. 129.
25. Lars Hormander, interview, 2.13.97.
26. Confidential source.
27. Proceedings, International Congress of Mathematicians, 1958 Proceedings, International Congress of Mathematicians, 1958 (Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, 1960). (Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, 1960).
28. Jurgen Moser, interview, 3.21.96.
29. Proceedings, International Congress of Mathematicians, Proceedings, International Congress of Mathematicians, op. cit. op. cit.
30. Confidential source.
31. Confidential source.
32. Moser, e-mail, 12.24.97.
33. Peter Lax, interview, 2.6.96.
34. Moser, interview, 3.21.96.
35. Ibid.
36. For the history of the Bocher Prize, see the Web site for the American Mathematical Society.
37. Letter from Lars Hormander to author, 1.3.96; Hormander, interview, 2.13.97.
38. Hormander, e-mail, 12.16.97.
39. Ibid.
32: Secrets
1. John Forbes Nash, Jr., plenary lecture, World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, 8.26.96, op. cit.
2. G. H. Hardy, The Mathematician's Apology The Mathematician's Apology (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1967), with a foreword by C. P. Snow. (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1967), with a foreword by C. P. Snow.
3. Paul S. Cohen, interview, 1.5.96.
4. Stanislaw Ulam, "John von Neumann, 19031957," op. cit., p. 5.
5. Hardy, op. cit.
6. Felix Browder, interview, 11.10.95.
7. Harold Kuhn, interview, 7.95.
8. Ibid.
9. John Nash, plenary lecture, op. cit.
10. Elias Stein, interview, 12.28.95.
11. Cohen, interview.
12. E. T. Bell, Men of Mathematics, Men of Mathematics, op. cit. op. cit.
13. Enrico Bombieri, interview, 12.6.95.
14. Bell, op. cit.
15. Andrew Wiles, professor of mathematics, Princeton University, personal communication, 6.97.
16. Lars Hormander, interview, 2.13.97.
17. F. Browder, interview.
18. John Forbes Nash, Jr., Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
19. Bell, op. cit.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Jacob Schwartz, professor of computer science, Courant Inst.i.tute, interview, 1.29.96.
23. Jerome Neuwirth, interview, 5.27.97.
24. Stein, interview.
