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32. Gottesman, op. cit.
33. For an excellent summary see Michael R. Trimble, Biological Psychiatry Biological Psychiatry (New York: John Wilev & Sons, 1996), p. 224. (New York: John Wilev & Sons, 1996), p. 224.
34. Eugen Bleuler, quoted in Louis A. Sa.s.s, Madness and Modernism Madness and Modernism (New York: Basic Books, 1992), p. 14. (New York: Basic Books, 1992), p. 14.
35. Emil Kraepelin, quoted in ibid., pp. 1314.
36. Torrey, op. cit.
37. Gottesman, op. cit.
38. Ibid.
39. See, for example, Tsuang, Faraone, and Day, op. cit.
40. See, for example, Gottesman, op. cit.
41. Ibid.
42. See, for example, Storr, Solitude, Solitude, op. cit.; Gale Christianson, op. cit.; Gale Christianson, In the Presence of the Creator (New In the Presence of the Creator (New York: Free Press, 1984); Richard S. Westfall, York: Free Press, 1984); Richard S. Westfall, The Life of Isaac Newton The Life of Isaac Newton (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1993). (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
43. George Winokur and Ming Tsuang, The Natural History of Mania, Depression and Schizophrenia The Natural History of Mania, Depression and Schizophrenia (Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, 1996), pp. 25368; Manfred Bleuler, (Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, 1996), pp. 25368; Manfred Bleuler, The Schizophrenia Disorders: Long-Term Patient and Family Studies The Schizophrenia Disorders: Long-Term Patient and Family Studies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978). (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978).
44. M. Bleuler, op. cit., quoted in Sa.s.s, op. cit., p. 14.
45. Storr, The Dynamics of Creation, The Dynamics of Creation, op. cit. op. cit.
46. See, for example, Gottesman, op. cit. For discussions of differences between manic depressive illness and schizophrenia, see Torrey, op. cit.; Kay Redfield Jamison, Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament (New York: Free Press, 1993). (New York: Free Press, 1993).
47. Sa.s.s, op. cit., prologue.
48. Emil Kraepelin, Dementia Praec.o.x and Paraphrenia Dementia Praec.o.x and Paraphrenia (Huntington, N.Y.: R. E. Krieger, 1971), quoted in Sa.s.s, op. cit., pp. 1314. (Huntington, N.Y.: R. E. Krieger, 1971), quoted in Sa.s.s, op. cit., pp. 1314.
49. Sa.s.s, op. cit., p. 4.
50. Letter from John Nash to Emil Artin, written in Geneva, undated (1959).
51. Letter from John Nash to Alex Mood, 11.94.
52. R. Nash, interview, 1.7.96.
53. Confidential source.
54. See, for example, Mikhail Gromov, Partial Differential Relations Partial Differential Relations (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986); Heisuke Hironaka, "On Nash Blowing Up," (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986); Heisuke Hironaka, "On Nash Blowing Up," Arithmetic and Geometry II Arithmetic and Geometry II (Boston: Birkauser, 1983), pp. 10311; P. Ordehook, (Boston: Birkauser, 1983), pp. 10311; P. Ordehook, Game Theory and Political Theory: An Introduction Game Theory and Political Theory: An Introduction (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1986); Richard Dawkins, (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1986); Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976); John Maynard Smith, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976); John Maynard Smith, Did Darwin Get It Right? Did Darwin Get It Right? (New York: Chapman and Hall, 1989); as well as (New York: Chapman and Hall, 1989); as well as Math Reviews Math Reviews and and Social Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, various dates. various dates.
55. Eatwell, Milgate, Newman, op. cit., p. xii.
56. Ariel Rubinstein, professor of economics, Princeton University and University of Tel Aviv, interview, 10.18.95.
57. Eatwell, Milgate, Newman, op. cit.
58. Member, School of Historical Studies, Inst.i.tute for Advanced Study, interview, 1995.
59. Freeman Dyson, professor of physics, Inst.i.tute for Advanced Study, interview, Princeton, 12.5.96.
60. Enrico Bombieri, professor of mathematics, Inst.i.tute for Advanced Study, interview, 12.6.96.
61. See, for example, Winokur and Tsuang, op cit., p. 268.
62. Kuhn, interview, 10.94.
Part One: A BEAUTIFUL MIND
1: Bluefield
1. John Forbes Nash, Jr., autobiographical essay, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
2. "Nash-Martin," Appalachian Power & Light Searchlight, Appalachian Power & Light Searchlight, vol. 3, no. 9 (September 1924), p. 14. vol. 3, no. 9 (September 1924), p. 14.
3. Ibid.
4. Martha Nash Legg, interview, Roanoke, 7.31.95.
5. The history of the Nashes is based on genealogical materials, regional histories, and newspaper clippings supplied by Martha Legg and Richard Nash, including The History of Grayson County; Texas, The History of Grayson County; Texas, vol. 2 (Grayson County Frontier Village, 1981) and Graham Landrum and Allan Smith, vol. 2 (Grayson County Frontier Village, 1981) and Graham Landrum and Allan Smith, Grayson Count}: An Ill.u.s.trated Histon Grayson Count}: An Ill.u.s.trated Histon (Fort Worth, Tex.: Historical Publishers). The facts of John Forbes Nash, Sr.'s early life are based on interviews with Martha Nash Legg as well as his obituary. (Fort Worth, Tex.: Historical Publishers). The facts of John Forbes Nash, Sr.'s early life are based on interviews with Martha Nash Legg as well as his obituary.
6. Obituaries of Martha Nash, Baptist Standard Baptist Standard (1944); M. Legg, interview, 8.1.95; R. Nash, interview, San Francisco, 1.7.97. (1944); M. Legg, interview, 8.1.95; R. Nash, interview, San Francisco, 1.7.97.
7. M. Legg, interview, 7.31.95.
8. The history of the Martins and the facts of Virginia Martin's early life are based on interviews with Martha Legg as well as obituaries of Emma Martin and Virginia Martin in the Bluefield Daily Telegraph. Bluefield Daily Telegraph.
9. Letter from John Forbes Nash, Jr., to Martha Legg, undated (1969).
10. For a short history of the marriage bar, see Claudia Goldin, "Career and Family: College Women Look to the Past," Working Paper No. 5188 (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1995).
11. C. Stuart McGehee, The City of Bluefield: Centennial Histon 18891989 The City of Bluefield: Centennial Histon 18891989 (Bluefield Historical Society). (Bluefield Historical Society).
12. Ibid.; John E. Williams, professor of psychology, Wake Forest University, interview, 8.95.
13. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
14. Williams, interview, 10.24.95; William Lewis, McKinsey & Partners, interview, 10.94.
15. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
16. M. Legg, interview, 8.3.95.
17. Ibid.
18. John G. Gunderson, "Personality Disorders," op. cit., pp. 34344; also Nikki Erlenmeyer-Kimling, professor of genetics and development, Columbia University, interview, 1.17.98.
19. M. Legg, interview.
20. George Thornhill, quoted in William Archer, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 10.94. 10.94.
21. Report cards, various years, supplied by Martha Legg.
22. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
23. M. Legg, interview, 8.1.95.
24. Eddie Steele, quoted in William Archer, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 10.13.94. 10.13.94.
25. Donald V. Reynolds, interview, 6.29.97.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. M. Legg, interview, 8.2.95.
29. Ibid.
30. E. T. Bell, Men of Mathematics, Men of Mathematics, op. cit.; Beth Umberger, quoted in William Archer, op. cit.; Beth Umberger, quoted in William Archer, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 10.13.94. 10.13.94.
31. Janice Thresher Frazier, personal communication, 9.97.
32. The origin of this quotation is unknown.
33. M. Legg, interview, 10.94.
34. Kuhn, interview, 3.97.
35. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
36. Bell, op. cit.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Denis Brian, Einstein: A Life Einstein: A Life (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996). (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996).
40. Bell, op. cit.; also Kuhn, interview, 10.21.97.
41. Bell, op. cit.
42. M. Legg, interview, 8.1.95.
43. Williams, interview.
44. Donald V. Reynolds, interview.
45. Interviews with Peggy Wharton, 12.96; Robert Holland, 6.9.97; John Louthan, 6.21.97; John Williams; Reynolds.
46. Reynolds, interview.
47. Ibid.
48. Felix Browder, president, American Mathematics Society, interview, 11.2.95.
49. M. Legg, interview, 11.94.
50. Nelson Walker, quoted in William Archer, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 10.94. 10.94.
51. Edwin Elliot, quoted in William Archer, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 11.14.94. 11.14.94.
52. M. Legg, interview, 8.2.95.
53. Reynolds, interview; see also William Archer, "Boys Will Be Boys," Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 11.14.94. 11.14.94.
54. Julia Robinson, in Donald Albers, Gerald L. Alexanderson, and Constance Reid, More Mathematical People More Mathematical People (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990), p. 271. (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990), p. 271.
55. Anthony Storr, The Dynamics of Creation, The Dynamics of Creation, op. cit. op. cit.
56. M. Legg, interview, 11.94.
57. Vernon Dunn, quoted in William Archer, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 11.94. 11.94.
58. Beaver High School Yearbook, 1945.
59. Interviews with Williams and Louthan.
60. M. Legg, interview, 8.1.95.
61. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
62. John F. Nash and John F. Nash, Jr., "Sag and Tension Calculations for Cable and Wire Spans Using Catenary Formulas," Electrical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, 1945. 1945.
63. Uncle App's News, Uncle App's News, 7.45. 7.45.
2: Carnegie Inst.i.tute of Technology
