Great Soul_ Mahatma Gandhi And His Struggle With India Part 16

52"I shall be there": CWMG CWMG, vol. 11, p. 161.

53His "inner voice": As quoted, for instance, in Nayar, Mahatma Gandhi's Last Imprisonment Mahatma Gandhi's Last Imprisonment, p. 187.

54Threatening renewed resistance: CWMG CWMG, vol. 11, p. 229.

55Hundreds of other resisters: Huttenback, Gandhi in South Africa Gandhi in South Africa, pp. 26465.

56"a subst.i.tute for slavery": Indian Opinion Indian Opinion, March 10, 1908, included in Meer, South African Gandhi South African Gandhi, p. 964.

57"To a starving man": Indian Opinion Indian Opinion, Sept. 17, 1903, included in Meer, South African Gandhi South African Gandhi, p. 969.

58Indian Opinion carried: Indian Opinion Indian Opinion, Sept. 16, 1911.

59"In spite of your remarks": CWMG CWMG, vol. 10, p. 465. See also Swan, Gandhi: The South African Experience Gandhi: The South African Experience, p. 211.

60The most Gandhi had been hoping: CWMG CWMG, vol. 11, p. 130.

61"If I felt like being free": Ibid., vol. 96, p. 98.

62A week later he wrote: Ibid., p. 99.

63For nearly a year: African Chronicle African Chronicle, May 19, 1909, and March 25, 1911. Available on microfilm at the British Library.

64"an absolute Hindu": African Chronicle African Chronicle, June 15 and 8, 1912.

65Just ten months later: African Chronicle African Chronicle, April 16, 1913.

66"Mr. Gandhi may have been": African Chronicle African Chronicle, June 10 and Jan. 10, 1914.

67Though they'd agreed that: Rajmohan Gandhi, Gandhi Gandhi, p. 158.

68Some days earlier: African Chronicle African Chronicle, Nov. 16, 1912.

69Fifteen years after the fact: Gandhi, Satyagraha in South Africa Satyagraha in South Africa, pp. 270, 24243.

70"Are we not to blame": CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, p. 207.

71"You must return": Gandhi, Satyagraha in South Africa Satyagraha in South Africa, p. 268.

CHAPTER 5: LEADING THE INDENTURED.

1The status of Indians: Quoted in Millin, General s.m.u.ts General s.m.u.ts, p. 230.

2He wrote a long piece: CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, pp. 13235.

3"Then I am not your wife": Ibid., p. 31.

4"We congratulate our plucky": Ibid., p. 66.

5"I have sketched out": Ibid., vol. 96, p. 121.

6"resolving in my own mind": Swan, Gandhi: The South African Experience Gandhi: The South African Experience, p. 242.

7"When this tax thus fell": Gandhi, Satyagraha in South Africa Satyagraha in South Africa, p. 273.

8The government was too: Meer, South African Gandhi South African Gandhi, p. 47.

9On consecutive days: Kallenbach diary in the archive of the Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad. Naidoo is a Telugu, not a Tamil, name, but Thambi Naidoo was chairman of the Tamil Benefit Society in Johannesburg, where the term "Tamil" seems to have been used loosely to designate all those of South Indian origin who might also in that era have been called Madrasis.

10That evening he and Gandhi: Kallenbach diary notes, July 37, 1913, in the archive of the Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad.

11"ringleader": Natal Witness Natal Witness, Oct. 18, 1913.

12Gandhi had used the threat: CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, pp. 21415.

13"But the mere presence": Ibid., p. 512.

14"It may be difficult": Ibid., p. 214.

15Natal's attorney general: Desai and Vahed, Inside Indenture Inside Indenture, p. 363.

16"A peculiar position": Natal Witness Natal Witness, Oct. 18, 1913.

17As the message spread: Desai and Vahed, Inside Indenture Inside Indenture, p. 364.

18"Any precipitate step": African Chronicle African Chronicle, Oct. 18, 1913.

19"Indians do not fight": CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, p. 240.

20Despite all these signals: Desai and Vahed, Inside Indenture Inside Indenture, p. 364.

21"We do not believe": CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, p. 253.

22All the women he'd dispatched: Star Star, Nov. 1, 1913.

23The procession: Bhana and Pachai, Doc.u.mentary History of Indian South Africans Doc.u.mentary History of Indian South Africans, p. 143.

24"They struck not": Ibid., pp. 14243.

25Here a reporter: "The Great March: Mr. Gandhi at Work," Indian Opinion Indian Opinion, Nov. 19, 1913.

26Gandhi, in the thick: "What the British Press Says," Indian Opinion Indian Opinion, Nov. 19, 1913.

27Later he wrote: Gandhi, Satyagraha in South Africa Satyagraha in South Africa, pp. 296, 299.

28"General s.m.u.ts will have": Ibid., p. 300.

29"He gave me strokes": Desai and Vahed, Inside Indenture Inside Indenture, p. 372.

30"Any government worth its salt": Transvaal Leader Transvaal Leader, Oct. 29, 1913.

31The Natal Coal Owners a.s.sociation: Desai and Vahed, Inside Indenture Inside Indenture, p. 369.

32Taking their cues: The Star The Star, Nov. 10, 1913.

33spread of the strike's seeming flood tide: Desai and Vahed, Inside Indenture Inside Indenture, p. 393.

34The first walkout: Transvaal Leader Transvaal Leader, Nov. 5 and 8, 1913.

35At the height of the unrest: Report on Durban Police dated November 17 by Chief Magistrate Percy Binns, National Archives, Pretoria.

36Rajmohan Gandhi suggests: Rajmohan Gandhi, Gandhi Gandhi, p. 167.

37"The leaders of the movement": "Progress of the Strike: The Durban Conference," Indian Opinion Indian Opinion, Oct. 29, 1913.

38Nevertheless, Vahed and Desai: Desai and Vahed, Inside Indenture Inside Indenture, p. 384.

39The plantation to which the food: In the apartheid era, a black towns.h.i.+p was laid out on lands that had belonged to the old Campbell estate. It was called KwaMashu. Few of its inhabitants were likely to know that "Mashu" was a Zulu rendering of "Marshall," a tribute to the white planter who introduced Gandhi to Dube. In the apartheid era, a black towns.h.i.+p was laid out on lands that had belonged to the old Campbell estate. It was called KwaMashu. Few of its inhabitants were likely to know that "Mashu" was a Zulu rendering of "Marshall," a tribute to the white planter who introduced Gandhi to Dube.

40He'd told his supporters: CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, p. 298.

41"carnival of violence": The full text of Marshall Campbell's letter to Gandhi dated Dec. 30, 1913, can be found at the Killie Campbell Library in Durban in a file that also contains a letter from Colin Campbell to his brother William and a subsequent letter from William to his father. None of these letters shed any light on the question of what the supposed ballistic examination showed about who fired the bullet that killed the indentured laborer Patchappen, if it was not the planter's son. The full text of Marshall Campbell's letter to Gandhi dated Dec. 30, 1913, can be found at the Killie Campbell Library in Durban in a file that also contains a letter from Colin Campbell to his brother William and a subsequent letter from William to his father. None of these letters shed any light on the question of what the supposed ballistic examination showed about who fired the bullet that killed the indentured laborer Patchappen, if it was not the planter's son.

42"In all our struggles": Ibid., pp. 29899.

43By his own testimony: Transvaal Leader Transvaal Leader, Nov. 28 and 29 and Dec. 19 and 23, 1913.

44If he'd not been in jail: Desai and Vahed, Inside Indenture Inside Indenture, p. 394.

45The Indians had refused: On November 14, according to Desai and Vahed, Inside Indenture Inside Indenture, p. 382.

46A detachment of police: Ibid., p. 383.

47These themes are regularly: Transvaal Leader Transvaal Leader, Nov. 19, 1913.

48"The Indians were very excited": Indian Enquiry Commission Report, presented to Parliament April 1914, p. 8 (available at House of Commons Parliamentary Papers Online, accessible through ProQuest). Indian Enquiry Commission Report, presented to Parliament April 1914, p. 8 (available at House of Commons Parliamentary Papers Online, accessible through ProQuest).

49"overwhelmed in numbers": Transvaal Leader Transvaal Leader, Nov. 28, 1913.

50The commission that looked: Indian Enquiry Commission Report, p. 10.

51A witness told Reuters: Clipping on file in the National Archives, Pretoria.

52An indentured laborer: Indian Opinion Indian Opinion, Dec. 12, 1913.

53The British governor-general: Lord Gladstone's cable is on file at the National Archives, Pretoria. Contending that Botha and s.m.u.ts had reacted to the Indian strikes "with great forbearance," the governor-general declared: "I deprecate official credence being given to outrageous charges telegraphed to India by those who were responsible for the strikes here."

54Most of his spare time: CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, p. 270.

55He said he'd miss the solitude: Ibid., p. 272.

56Gandhi used it to prepare: Ibid., p. 276.

57"How glorious": Ibid., p. 274.

58"I saw that it was no matter for grief": Ibid., p. 320.

59But fresh out of jail: Ibid., p. 315.

60"I explained that they had come out, not as indentured laborers": Bhana and Pachai, Doc.u.mentary History of Indian South Africans Doc.u.mentary History of Indian South Africans, p. 142.

61In a.s.signing to the strikers: CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, p. 660.

62"Mr. Gandhi's performance": African Chronicle African Chronicle, Dec. 27, 1913, and Jan. 10, 1914. Aiyar was still at his old Durban address in Sept. 1944 when a wartime censors.h.i.+p office intercepted a letter, now on file at the National Archive in Pretoria, that he wrote to the New York office of the Indian National Congress seeking help on the publication of a book on race conflict in South Africa.

63"a charter of our freedom": CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, p. 483.

64"a final settlement": Ibid., p. 442.

65These could be achieved: Ibid., p. 478.

66"We need not fight for votes": Ibid., p. 479.

67Finally, he had to concede: Ibid., p. 477.

68Between 1914 and 1940: Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie, From Cane Fields to Freedom: A Chronicle of Indian South African Life From Cane Fields to Freedom: A Chronicle of Indian South African Life (Cape Town, 2000), pp. 1617. (Cape Town, 2000), pp. 1617.

69They had an understanding: Nanda, Three Statesmen Three Statesmen, p. 467.

70She'd not been consulted: Interview with Prema Naidoo, Johannesburg, Nov. 2007.

71Gandhi thanked: CWMG CWMG, vol. 12, p. 474.

72"I am, as ever": Ibid., p. 486.

73"I am under indenture": Ibid., p. 472.

74"The Atlantic": Rajmohan Gandhi, Gandhi Gandhi, p. 173.

75"I have no Kallenbach": CWMG, vol. 15, p. 341, cited in Sarid and Bartolf, Hermann Kallenbach Hermann Kallenbach, p. 64.