Going Dutch_ How England Plundered Holland's Glory Part 15

3 See A.G.H. Bachrach and R.G. Collmer (eds), See A.G.H. Bachrach and R.G. Collmer (eds), Lodewijk Huygens: The English Journal 16511652 Lodewijk Huygens: The English Journal 16511652 (Leiden: Brill, 1982), p.61 (Leiden: Brill, 1982), p.61

4 J.M. Montias, 'Art dealers in the seventeenth-century Netherlands', J.M. Montias, 'Art dealers in the seventeenth-century Netherlands', Simiolus Simiolus 0.18 (1988), 24456; 245. See also J.M. Montias, 0.18 (1988), 24456; 245. See also J.M. Montias, Art at Auction in Seventeenth Century Amsterdam Art at Auction in Seventeenth Century Amsterdam (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2002); J.M. Montias, (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2002); J.M. Montias, Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989); E.A. Honig, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989); E.A. Honig, Painting and the Market in Early Modern Antwerp Painting and the Market in Early Modern Antwerp (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998). (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998).

5 For more on the Duartes see below, For more on the Duartes see below, Chapter 7 Chapter 7.

6 Diary of John Evelyn Diary of John Evelyn.

7 Montias, 'Art dealers in the seventeenth-century Netherlands', p.245. Montias, 'Art dealers in the seventeenth-century Netherlands', p.245.

8 Montias, Montias, Art at Auction Art at Auction, pp.23442.

9 Honig, Honig, Painting and the Market Painting and the Market, p.195.

10 S. Slive, 'Art historians and art critics II: Huygens on Rembrandt', S. Slive, 'Art historians and art critics II: Huygens on Rembrandt', Burlington Magazine Burlington Magazine 94 (1952), 2604; 261. 94 (1952), 2604; 261.

11 I am placing the Lievens painting around 1625, in spite of the opinions of art historians. Held gives the date as 1629. The Rijksmuseum website gives 162627. A recent PhD dissertation on Lievens dates it at 162829: L. De Witt, I am placing the Lievens painting around 1625, in spite of the opinions of art historians. Held gives the date as 1629. The Rijksmuseum website gives 162627. A recent PhD dissertation on Lievens dates it at 162829: L. De Witt, Evolution and Ambition in the Career of Jan Lievens (16071674) Evolution and Ambition in the Career of Jan Lievens (16071674) (University of Maryland PhD, 2006). I place it a couple of years earlier for a number of reasons. Huygens says he was particularly melancholic at the time Lievens painted his portrait (see below), and his demeanour and dress as depicted resemble Dutch mourning paintings of the same period. He appears to wear a mourning ring around his neck. Huygens's father died in 1624, and the Stadholder Maurits died in 1625. Huygens would have been doubly in mourning for these two highly significant losses. In late 1625 he was appointed secretary to the new Stadholder Frederik Hendrik. This would have been an appropriate occasion for a portrait. (University of Maryland PhD, 2006). I place it a couple of years earlier for a number of reasons. Huygens says he was particularly melancholic at the time Lievens painted his portrait (see below), and his demeanour and dress as depicted resemble Dutch mourning paintings of the same period. He appears to wear a mourning ring around his neck. Huygens's father died in 1624, and the Stadholder Maurits died in 1625. Huygens would have been doubly in mourning for these two highly significant losses. In late 1625 he was appointed secretary to the new Stadholder Frederik Hendrik. This would have been an appropriate occasion for a portrait.

12 Once again, this specific account by Huygens justifies his having his portrait painted in spite of his being in a period of mourning, since it places the onus for proceeding with the painting immediately on Lievens. Once again, this specific account by Huygens justifies his having his portrait painted in spite of his being in a period of mourning, since it places the onus for proceeding with the painting immediately on Lievens.

13 Pieters, 'Among ancient men: Petrarch, Machiavelli, Sidney and Huygens', in Pieters, 'Among ancient men: Petrarch, Machiavelli, Sidney and Huygens', in Speaking with the Dead: Explorations in Literature and History Speaking with the Dead: Explorations in Literature and History (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005), p.41. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005), p.41.

14 Ibid. Ibid.

15 For the most recent account of Lievens's career, see L. De Witt, For the most recent account of Lievens's career, see L. De Witt, Evolution and Ambition in the Career of Jan Lievens (16071674) Evolution and Ambition in the Career of Jan Lievens (16071674), unpublished PhD, University of Maryland, College Park (2006), especially Chapter 2 Chapter 2, 'Lievens in England, 16321635'.

16 Ibid., p.110. Reproduced in Ibid., p.110. Reproduced in Princely Patrons Princely Patrons, p.170.

17 Cit. De Witt, Cit. De Witt, Evolution and Ambition Evolution and Ambition, p.118.

18 Ibid., p.123. Ibid., p.123.

19 Ibid., pp.1212. Ibid., pp.1212.

20 M.R. Toynbee, 'Adriaen Hanneman and the English court in exile', M.R. Toynbee, 'Adriaen Hanneman and the English court in exile', Burlington Magazine Burlington Magazine 92 (1950), 7380. See also M.R. Toynbee, 'Some early portraits of Princess Mary, daughter of Charles I', 92 (1950), 7380. See also M.R. Toynbee, 'Some early portraits of Princess Mary, daughter of Charles I', Burlington Magazine Burlington Magazine 82 (1943), 1003. 82 (1943), 1003.

21 A. Sumner, 'Hanneman, Adriaen (c.16041671)', A. Sumner, 'Hanneman, Adriaen (c.16041671)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12215, accessed 19 February 2007].

22 BL Add. MS 16174: 'Proposal to the parliament of Sir Balthazar Gerbier, knt., Peter Lely and George Geldorp concerning the representing in oil, pictures of all the memorable achievements since the parliament's first sitting', c.1651. BL Add. MS 16174: 'Proposal to the parliament of Sir Balthazar Gerbier, knt., Peter Lely and George Geldorp concerning the representing in oil, pictures of all the memorable achievements since the parliament's first sitting', c.1651.

23 D. Dethloff, 'Lely, Sir Peter (16181680)', D. Dethloff, 'Lely, Sir Peter (16181680)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com.catalogue.ulrls.lon.ac.uk:80/view/article/16419, accessed 2 April 2007].

24 C. Hofstede de Groot, C. Hofstede de Groot, Die Urkunden uber Rembrandt Die Urkunden uber Rembrandt (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1906). (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1906).

25 Cited in F. Scholten, 'Francois Dieussart, Constantijn Huygens, and the cla.s.sical ideal in funerary sculpture', Cited in F. Scholten, 'Francois Dieussart, Constantijn Huygens, and the cla.s.sical ideal in funerary sculpture', Simiolus Simiolus 25 (1997), 30328; 309. 25 (1997), 30328; 309.

26 See full account in A.-M.S. Logan, See full account in A.-M.S. Logan, The 'Cabinet' of the Brothers Gerard and Jan Reynst The 'Cabinet' of the Brothers Gerard and Jan Reynst (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publis.h.i.+ng Company, 1979), pp.7586. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publis.h.i.+ng Company, 1979), pp.7586.

27 For a concise account of this dispute see Montias, For a concise account of this dispute see Montias, Vermeer and His Milieu Vermeer and His Milieu, pp.2079.

28 See D. Mahon, 'Notes on the "Dutch Gift" to Charles II: 1', See D. Mahon, 'Notes on the "Dutch Gift" to Charles II: 1', Burlington Magazine Burlington Magazine 91 (1949), 3035; 'Notes on the "Dutch Gift" to Charles II: 2', 91 (1949), 3035; 'Notes on the "Dutch Gift" to Charles II: 2', Burlington Magazine Burlington Magazine 91 (1949), 34950; 'Notes on the "Dutch Gift" to Charles II: 3', 91 (1949), 34950; 'Notes on the "Dutch Gift" to Charles II: 3', Burlington Magazine Burlington Magazine 92 (1950), 1218. 92 (1950), 1218.

29 Cit. G. Schwartz and M.J. Bok, Cit. G. Schwartz and M.J. Bok, Pieter Saenredam: The Painter and His Time Pieter Saenredam: The Painter and His Time (London: Thames & Hudson, 1990), p.206. (London: Thames & Hudson, 1990), p.206.

30 H. Macandrew and K. Andrews, 'A Saenredam and a Seurat for Edinburgh', H. Macandrew and K. Andrews, 'A Saenredam and a Seurat for Edinburgh', Burlington Magazine Burlington Magazine 124 (1982), 7525; 755. 124 (1982), 7525; 755.

31 Schwartz and Bok, Schwartz and Bok, Pieter Saenredam Pieter Saenredam, p.128; pp.14954.

32 Mariet Westermann, 'Vermeer and the interior imagination', in Mariet Westermann, 'Vermeer and the interior imagination', in Vermeer and the Dutch Interior Vermeer and the Dutch Interior (Madrid, 2003), p.225. (Madrid, 2003), p.225.

33 John Michael Montias, John Michael Montias, Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989). (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989).

34 Diary of John Evelyn Diary of John Evelyn 3, p.262. 3, p.262.

35 See R. van Leeuwen (ed.), See R. van Leeuwen (ed.), Paintings from England: William III and the Royal Collections Paintings from England: William III and the Royal Collections (The Hague: Mauritshuis & SDU Publishers, 1988), p.79. (The Hague: Mauritshuis & SDU Publishers, 1988), p.79.

36 Mrs Burnett, wife of Gilbert, in 1707. Cit. C.D. van Strien, Mrs Burnett, wife of Gilbert, in 1707. Cit. C.D. van Strien, British Travellers in Holland during the Stuart Period: Edward Browne and John Locke as Tourists in the United Provinces British Travellers in Holland during the Stuart Period: Edward Browne and John Locke as Tourists in the United Provinces (Leiden: Brill, 1993), p.153. (Leiden: Brill, 1993), p.153.

37 R. van Leeuwen (ed.), R. van Leeuwen (ed.), Paintings from England: William III and the Royal Collections Paintings from England: William III and the Royal Collections (The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988), pp.7880. (The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988), pp.7880.

38 J. Israel, 'The United Provinces of the Netherlands: The Courts of the House of Orange', in J. Adamson (ed.), J. Israel, 'The United Provinces of the Netherlands: The Courts of the House of Orange', in J. Adamson (ed.), The Princely Courts of Europe 15001750 The Princely Courts of Europe 15001750 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999), pp.119140; p.136. (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999), pp.119140; p.136.

39 Van Leeuwen, Van Leeuwen, Paintings from England Paintings from England, pp.212.

6: Double Portraits

1 For an interesting account of Schurmann's artistic activities see E.A. Honig, 'The art of being "artistic": Dutch women's creative practices in the 17th century', For an interesting account of Schurmann's artistic activities see E.A. Honig, 'The art of being "artistic": Dutch women's creative practices in the 17th century', Woman's Art Journal Woman's Art Journal 22 (200102), 319. 22 (200102), 319.

2 See below. See below.

3 5 August 1642. Worp, letter 3092. 5 August 1642. Worp, letter 3092.

4 For details of Susanna's background see J.S. Held, 'Constantijn Huygens and Susanna van Baerle: a hitherto unknown portrait', For details of Susanna's background see J.S. Held, 'Constantijn Huygens and Susanna van Baerle: a hitherto unknown portrait', Art Bulletin Art Bulletin 73 (1991), 65368; 65960. 73 (1991), 65368; 65960.

5 Cit. ibid., p.661. Cit. ibid., p.661.

6 C.D. Andriesse, trans. S. Miedema, C.D. Andriesse, trans. S. Miedema, Huygens: The Man behind the Principle Huygens: The Man behind the Principle (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p.51. See also E. Keesing, 'Wanneer was wie de heer van Zeelhem?', (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p.51. See also E. Keesing, 'Wanneer was wie de heer van Zeelhem?', De zeventiende eeuw De zeventiende eeuw 9 (1993), 635. 9 (1993), 635.

7 Davidson and van der Weel, Davidson and van der Weel, A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens, p.101.

8 Ibid., p.109. Ibid., p.109.

9 For a poetic a.n.a.lysis of their relations.h.i.+p, as evidenced by Huygens's 'Daghwerck', see R.L. Colie, For a poetic a.n.a.lysis of their relations.h.i.+p, as evidenced by Huygens's 'Daghwerck', see R.L. Colie, 'Some Thankfulnesse to Constantine,' A Study of English Influence upon the Early Works of Constantijn Huygens 'Some Thankfulnesse to Constantine,' A Study of English Influence upon the Early Works of Constantijn Huygens (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1956). (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1956).

10 See L. Roth (ed.), See L. Roth (ed.), Correspondence of Descartes and Constantyn Huygens 16351647 Correspondence of Descartes and Constantyn Huygens 16351647 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926), pp.378. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926), pp.378.

11 Ibid., 29 March 1637, p.43. Ibid., 29 March 1637, p.43.

12 J.S. Held, 'Constantijn Huygens and Susanna van Baerle: a hitherto unknown portrait', J.S. Held, 'Constantijn Huygens and Susanna van Baerle: a hitherto unknown portrait', Art Bulletin Art Bulletin 73 (1991), 65368. 73 (1991), 65368.