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Willow.[C] Leaves.
Yellow Camomile. _Anthemis tinctoria._
Yellow Centaury. _Chlora perfoliata._
Yellow Corydal. _Corydalis lutea._
PLANTS WHICH DYE GREEN
Elder. _Sambucus nigra._ Leaves with alum.
Flowering reed. _Phragmites communis._ Flowering tops, with copperas.
Larch. Bark, with alum.
Lily of the valley. _Convalaria majalis._ Leaves.
Nettle. _Urtica dioica_ and _U. Urens._
Privet. _Ligustrum vulgare._ Berries and leaves, with alum.
PLANTS WHICH DYE BROWN
Alder. _Alnus glutinosa._ Bark.
Birch. _Betula alba._ Bark.
Hop. _Humulus lupulus._ Stalks give a brownish red colour.
Onion. Skins.
Larch. Pine needles, collected in Autumn.
Oak. _Quercus Robur._ Bark.
Red currants, with alum.
Walnut. Root and green husks of nut.
Water Lily. _Nymphaea alba._ Root.
Whortleberry. _Vaccinium Myrtillus._ Young shoots, with nut galls.
Dulse. (Seaweed.)
Lichens.
PLANTS WHICH DYE PURPLE
Byrony. _Byronia dioica._ Berries.
Damson. Fruit, with alum.
Dandelion. _Taraxac.u.m Dens-leonis._ Roots.
Danewort. _Sambucus Ebulus._ Berries.
Deadly nightshade. _Atropa Belladonna._
Elder. _Sambucus nigra._ Berries, with alum, a violet; with alum and salt, a lilac colour.
Sundew. _Drosera._
Whortleberry or blaeberry. _Vaccinium myrtillus._ It contains a blue or purple dye which will dye wool and silk without mordant.
PLANTS WHICH DYE BLACK
Alder. _Alnus glutinosa._ Bark, with copperas.
Blackberry. _Rubus fruticosus._ Young shoots, with salts of iron.
Dock. _Rumex._ Root.
Elder. Bark, with copperas.
Iris. _Iris Pseudacorus._ Root.
Meadowsweet. _Spirea Ulmaria._
Oak. Bark and acorns.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote A: "On boiling sloes, their juice becomes red, and the red dye which it imparts to linen changes, when washed with soap, into a bluish colour, which is permanent."]
[Footnote B: "Sawwort, which grows abundantly in meadows, affords a very fine pure yellow with alum mordant, which greatly resembles weld yellow. It is extremely permanent."]
[Footnote C: "The leaves of the sweet willow, _salix pentandra_, gathered at the end of August and dried in the shade, afford, if boiled with about one thirtieth potash, a fine yellow colour to wool, silk and thread, with alum basis. All the 5 species of Erica or heath growing on this island are capable of affording yellow much like those from the dyer's broom; also the bark and shoots of the Lombardy poplar, _populus pyramidalis_. The three leaved h.e.l.lebore, _h.e.l.leborus trifolius_, for dyeing wood yellow, is used in Canada. The seeds of the purple trefoil, lucerne, and fenugreek, the flowers of the French marigold, the camomile, _antemis tinctoria_, the ash, _fraxinus excelsior_, fumitory, _fumaria officinalis_, dye wool yellow." "The American golden rod, _solidago canadensis_, affords a very beautiful yellow to wool, silk and cotton upon an aluminous basis." _Bancroft._]
CHAPTER IV
THE LICHEN DYES
