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36. Work in Hard Wood.
37. Dowelling or Round Mortising.
38. Bevelling Edge with Plane Oblique.
39. Gluing.
40. Sinking in of Iron Plates.
41. Nailing.
42. Sinking of Nails.
43. Bevelling with Shaping Knife.
44. Perpendicular Gouging.
45. Point Planing.
46. Oblique Grooving.
47. Circular Sawing.
48. Fixing with Screws.
49. Modelling with Knife.
MAKING OF THE MODELS.
The following are the descriptions of how to apply the Exercises to the making of the Models.
NO. 1A. KINDERGARTEN POINTER.
(Requiring Exercises 1 and 2.)
Commence with a piece of Beech, rather more than 5 in. long, and not less than 3/4 in. thick. It is all the better, for this and other exercises, if it is split from a larger piece, and has no side either square or straight. With the knife, make one side level and smooth, to a width rather exceeding 3/8 in. When that is done perfectly, make another straight side at right angles to the first. Trim the ends; then mark with the pencil at each end a 3/8-in. square, with the two straight sides as bases. Then cut two additional straight sides in unison with those squares. This will produce a stem a shade more than 5 in. long and 3/8 in. square. Mark each end with a diagram thus [Figure]; then draw corresponding lines along each side. Then, letting one end remain the same size; reduce the other end to 1/8 in. square (as shown in centre of diagram) by tapering each side symmetrically throughout. This will result in the stem being 3/8 in. square at one end and 1/8 in. square at the other end. Then, guided by the diagram at the thicker end, take off the four corners symmetrically throughout, thus producing a tapered octagonal stem. Then, in like manner, take off the eight corners with great precision, so as to maintain uniform symmetry, and the result will be a tapered stem, approximately round throughout and pointed at one end.
The Long Cut having, thus far, been solely resorted to, measure from the point, and make a mark at 4 in.; then cut off at the mark, thus exercising the Cross Cut. Then, by judiciously applying sand-paper, the pointer may be made perfectly smooth and almost perfectly round, as it should be throughout.
NO. 1B. KINDERGARTEN POINTER.
(Requiring Exercises 1, 2, and 3.)
Proceed as for the previous model until the round pointer is produced.
Then apply Exercise 3 to the two Oblique Cuts shown from _A_ to _a_ in the figures 1, 2, and 3, of drawings No. 1B. These Oblique Cuts demand great care and precision, as the Cuts should be precisely opposite each other, perfectly level and symmetrical.
NO. 2. PARCEL-PIN OR CARRIER.
(Requiring Exercises 1, 2, and 4.)
Commence with a piece of Beech rather more than 3 in. long and 5/8 in.
thick. Reduce it in like manner as previously described to a stem 3 in.
long and 3/8 in. square throughout. Then apply Exercise 4, and so bevel the sides and ends as to make chamfers, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of drawings No. 2. Then draw a line across the centre of one side, and there cut a [V]-shaped notch as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, so as to provide for a string. Then finish with a piece of sand-paper laid upon a flat surface, upon which first rub the sides, then the chamfers, and lastly the ends.
NO. 3. FLOWER-STICK.
(Requiring Exercises 5, 1, 2, and 6.)
This is the first model made in soft wood, and introduces Exercise 5, Sawing Off. From the edge of a 3/4-in. board saw off a piece the same width as the thickness, and about 14 in. long. Proceed as for No. 1A until a rod is produced 1/2 in. square throughout. Then, by a cross made from corner to corner [Figure] find the centre of one end. Then take off the corners throughout until an octagonal rod is produced; then take off the eight corners so as to make the rod round and the same thickness throughout. Then apply Exercise 6, the Convex Cut, and point the end where the centre is marked. Then measure from the point and mark at 12 in., and there cut off at right angles. Then apply sand-paper, and the result will be a tapered symmetrical round rod, pointed at one end, as shown in drawings No. 3.
[Ill.u.s.tration: _No. 1A._
_Kindergarten Pointer_]
[Ill.u.s.tration: _No. 1B._
_Kindergarten Pointer_]
[Ill.u.s.tration: _No. 2._
_Parcel Carrier_]
[Ill.u.s.tration: _No. 3._
_Round Plant Stick_]
NO. 4. ENVELOPE OPENER.
(Requiring Exercises 5, 1, 2, and 6.)
Saw from Beech, a piece about 8 in. long, 3/4 in. wide and 1/2 in.
thick. With the knife, make one of the flat sides perfectly level and smooth throughout, and cut one end across at right angles. With a fine pencil, draw on the level side the outline of Fig 1 of drawings No. 4, and also, with compa.s.ses, describe on the end the semicircle shown by Fig 3 of drawings No. 4, with the flat edge for the base. Apply the long cut to the edges at right angles to the flat side. Then, on each of the edges thus flattened, draw a line showing the course of the tapering ill.u.s.tration on the first side of Fig. 2 of drawings No. 4. Apply the long cut to each of those lines, at right angles to the edges. This will produce a rod, flat on one side, and presenting a tapered half square on the other. Then shave off the corners of that square, so as to produce half a tapered octagon; then shave off the corners of that octagon, being careful that the work is in unison with the semicircle previously described on the thick end. When so far done to satisfaction, round both ends symmetrically, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of drawings No. 4, and finish with sand-paper.
NO. 5. RECTANGULAR FLOWER-STICK, WITH CHAMFERED OR BEVELLED CORNERS.
(Requiring Exercises 5, 7, 8, 9, 6, and 3.)
In this model the Jack Plane and the Try Square are used for the first time. Saw off from Pine a piece about 16 in. long and 3/4 in. square.
Plane one side straight and true, and one of the other sides at right angles. Cut each end across at right angles, and on each end, using the planed edges as basis, mark Fig. 2 of drawings No. 5. Then plane the other two sides at right angles, so as to produce a square rod, which, at every part throughout its length, should fit the try square. Then, with the plane, take about two shavings off each corner, in unison with the figures at the ends. Then, with the knife, cut the point from _a_ to _a_ as shown in Fig. 1 of drawings No. 5. Then measure from the long-pointed end, mark the exact length, cut across at the mark, and cut the other end to a point with eight sides as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
Finish with sand-paper at the long-pointed end only.
[Ill.u.s.tration: _No. 4._
_Envelope Opener_]
[Ill.u.s.tration: _No. 5._
_Plant Stick_]
[Ill.u.s.tration: _No. 6._
