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[Footnote 77: Lewes's _Hist. Philos_., ii. 342.]
[Footnote 78: Rosenkranz, i. 102.]
[Footnote 79: Tylor's _Researches into the early history of mankind_, chaps. ii. and iii.; Lubbock's _Origin of Civilization_, chap. ix.]
[Footnote 80: Madame Dupre de Saint Maur, who had found favour in the eyes of the Count d'Argenson. D'Argenson, younger brother of the Marquis, who had been dismissed in 1747, was in power from 1743 to 1757.
Notwithstanding his alleged share in Diderot's imprisonment, he was a tolerably steady protector of the philosophical party.]
[Footnote 81: Barbier, iv. 337.]
[Footnote 82: There is a picture of Berryer, under the name of Orgon in that very curious book, _L'Ecole de l'Homme_, ii. 73.]
[Footnote 83: Pieces given in Diderot's Works, xx. 121-123.]
[Footnote 84: Naigeon, p. 131.]
[Footnote 85: Voltaire's _Corr_. July and Aug. 1749.]
[Footnote 86: _Conf_., II. viii.]
[Footnote 87: Michelet's _Louis XV_., p. 258.]
[Footnote 88: See the present author's _Rousseau_, vol. i. p. 134 (Globe 8vo ed.)]
[Footnote 89: For the two pet.i.tions of the booksellers to D'Argenson praying for Diderot's liberty, see M. a.s.sezat's preliminary notice.
_Oeuv_., xiii. 112, etc.]
[Footnote 90: Jourdain's _Recherches sur les traductions latines d'Aristote_, p. 325.]
[Footnote 91: _Lit. of Europe_, pt. i. ch. ii. -- 39.]
[Footnote 92: Whewell's _Hist. Induc. Sci._. xii. c. 7.]
[Footnote 93: Fr. Roger Bacon; J.S. Brewer's Pref. pp 57, 63.]
[Footnote 94: Leibnitii, Opera v. 184.]
[Footnote 95: _Oeuv. de D'Alembert_, i. 63.]
[Footnote 96: _Mem._ pour J.P.F. Luneau de Boisjermain, 4to, Paris, 1771. See also Diderot's _Prospectus_, "La traduction entiere de Chambers nous a pa.s.se sous les yeux," etc.]
[Footnote 97: Biog. Universelle, _s.v._]
[Footnote 98: Michelet, _Louis XV._, 258. D'Aguesseau (1668-1751) has left one piece which ought to be extricated from the thirteen quartos of his works--his memoir of his father (_Oeuv._, xiii.) This is one of those records of solid and elevated character, which do more to refresh and invigorate the reader than a whole library of religious or ethical exhortations can do. It has the loftiness, the refined austerity, the touching impressiveness of Tacitus's _Agricola_ or Condorcet's _Turgot_, together with a certain grave sweetness that was almost peculiar to the Jansenist school of the seventeenth century.]
[Footnote 99: A short estimate of D'Alembert's princ.i.p.al scientific pieces, by M. Bertram, is to be found in the _Revue des Deux Mondes_, for October 1865.]
[Footnote 100: _Oeuv. de D'Alembert_, iv. 367.]
[Footnote 101: _Oeuv. de J. Ph. Roland_, i. 230 (ed. 1800).]
[Footnote 102: _Essai sur la Societe des Gens de Lettres et des Grands_, etc. _Oeuv_., iv. 372. "Write," he says, "as if you loved glory; in conduct, act as if it were indifferent to you." Compare, with reference to the pa.s.sage in the text, Duclos's remark (_Consid. sur les Moeurs_, ch. xi.): "The man in power commands, but the intelligent govern, because in time they form public opinion, and that sooner or later subjugates every kind of despotism." Only partially true.]
[Footnote 103: _Pensees Philos._, -- 26.]
[Footnote 104: _Phil. Pos._, v. 520. _Polit. Pos._, iii. 584.]
[Footnote 105: See Pref. to vol. iii.]
[Footnote 106: For instance, see Pref. to vol. vi.]
[Footnote 107: _Siecle de Louis XV_., ch. xliii.]
[Footnote 108: Grimm, _Corr. Lit._, i. 273. Diderot, _Oeuv_., iv. 15.]
[Footnote 109: _Avertiss.e.m.e.nt_ to vol. vi.; also to vol. vii. Turgot's articles were Etymiologie, Existence, Expansibilite, Foires, Fondations.
The text of these is wrongly inserted among Diderot's contributions to the Encyclopaedia, in the new edition of his Works, xv. 12.]
[Footnote 110: Condorcet's _Vie de Turgot_.]
[Footnote 111: Pref. to vol. iii. (1752), and to vol. vi. (1756).]
[Footnote 112: Pref. to vol. ii.]
[Footnote 113: Grimm, _Corr. Lit._, i. 130. Forbonnais's chief work is his _Becherches et Considerations sur les finances de la France_.]
[Footnote 114: _Avert._ to vol. ii.]
[Footnote 115: Nov. 10, 1760, xix. 24. Also, Oct. 7, 1761, xix. 35.]
[Footnote 116: See also Preface to vol. iii.]
[Footnote 117: _Avert._ to vol. vi., and _s. v. Fontange_. Grimm, i.
451.]
[Footnote 118: _Corresp. avec D'Alembert_ (_Oeuv._, lxxv.), Sept.
1755, Feb. 1757, etc.]
[Footnote 119: Dec. 22, 1757.]
[Footnote 120: May 24, 1757.]
[Footnote 121: Dec. 13, 1756; April 1756.]
[Footnote 122: July 21, 1757.]
[Footnote 123: Article _Encyclopedie_.]
[Footnote 124: To Voltaire, Feb. 15, 1757.]
