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Their nests are rarely placed higher than ten feet from the ground in bushes, branches, vines, brush piles or trees; they are loosely made of twigs, coa.r.s.e gra.s.ses and weeds, shreds of bark, leaves, etc., and lined with fine gra.s.s or hair. They frequently lay two or three sets of eggs a season, the first being completed usually early in May; three or four, and sometimes five, white or pale bluish white eggs are laid; they are very varied in markings but usually profusely spotted, more heavily at the large end, with reddish brown and lavender. Size 1.00 .70.
593a. ARIZONA CARDINAL. _Cardinalis cardinalis superbus._
Range.--Northwestern Mexico and southern Arizona.
A larger and more rosy form of the Cardinal. Its eggs cannot be distinguished from those of the eastern Redbird.
593b. SAN LUCAS CARDINAL. _Cardinalis cardinalis igneus._
Range.--Southern Lower California.
Like the last but smaller and with less black on the forehead; eggs the same.
[Ill.u.s.tration 365: Bluish white.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: NEST OF CARDINAL.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: right hand margin.]
Page 364
593c. GRAY-TAILED CARDINAL. _Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus._
Range.--Northeastern Mexico and southern Texas.
The male of this species is like the eastern Cardinal but the female is said to be grayer. The nesting habits are the same and the eggs identical with those of the latter.
593d. FLORIDA CARDINAL. _Cardinalis cardinalis florida.n.u.s._
Range.--Southern Florida.
Supposed to be a deeper and richer shade of red. Eggs like those of cardinalis.
594. ARIZONA PYRRHULOXIA. _Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata._
Range.--Northwestern Mexico and the southern border of New Mexico, Arizona and western Texas.
This species is of similar form and crested like a Cardinal, but the bill is very short and hooked like that of a Parrot; the plumage is grayish, with wings and tail dull reddish; face and throat, and middle of belly rosy red. Their habits are the same as those of the Cardinal, but their nests are said to be slighter; they are placed in similar locations to those of the latter, the two species often nesting together in the same thicket. Their eggs are like those of the Cardinal but average smaller, although the ranges overlap so that the eggs cannot be distinguished. Size .90 x .70. Data.--San Antonio, Texas, May 16, 1889.
Nest of fine gra.s.ses, lined with rootlets; 4 feet from ground in a mesquite tree.
594a. TEXAS PYRRHULOXIA. _Pyrrhuloxia sinuata texana._
Range.--Northeastern Mexico and southern Texas.
Said to be grayer and the bill to average larger than that of the last.
There are no differences in the nesting habits or eggs between the two varieties.
594b. SAN LUCAS PYRRHULOXIA. _Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsulae._
Range.--Southern Lower California.
Smaller than the Arizona Cardinal but with a larger bill. The eggs are like those of the others but may average a trifle smaller.
[Ill.u.s.tration 366: Cardinal.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Bluish white.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Texas Pyrrhuloxia.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: left hand margin.]
Page 365
595. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. _Zamelodia ludoviciana._
Range.--United States, east of the Plains, breeding from the Middle States and Ohio north to Manitoba and Nova Scotia.
This beautiful black and white bird with rosy red breast and under wing coverts, is one of the most pleasing of our songsters. They nest either in bushes or trees, generally between six and twenty feet from the ground and usually in thick clumps of trees or scrubby apple trees. The three or four eggs, which are laid in June, are greenish blue, spotted, most heavily about the larger end, with reddish brown. Size 1.00 .75.
Data.--Worcester, Ma.s.s., June 5, 1899. Nest of twigs and rootlets in small apple tree in woods; nest very frail, eggs showing through the bottom.
596. BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK. _Zamelodia melanocephala._
Range.--United States, west of the Plains, breeding from Mexico north to British Columbia; winters south of the United States.
This species is of the size of the last (8 inches long), and is a bright cinnamon brown color with black head, and black and white wings and tail. The habits of this bird are the same as those of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak and its song is very similar but more lengthy. Their nests, like those of the last, are very flimsy structures placed in bushes or trees, usually below twenty feet from the ground; they are open frameworks of twigs, rootlets and weed stalks, through which the eggs can be plainly seen. The eggs are similar to those of the preceding but are usually of a paler color, the markings, therefore showing with greater distinctness. Size 1.00 .70.
[Ill.u.s.tration 367: Greenish blue.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Rose-breasted Grosbeak.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Pale greenish white.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: J. B. Pardoe. NEST OF ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: right hand margin.]
Page 366
597. BLUE GROSBEAK. _Guiraca caerulea._
Range.--Southeastern United States, breeding from the Gulf north to Pennsylvania and Illinois, and casually to New England.
Smaller than the last two species and deep blue, with wings and tail blackish, and the lesser coverts and tips of greater, chestnut. It is a fairly common species in the southerly parts of its range, nesting most frequently in low bushes or vines in thickets; the nest is made of rootlets, weed stalks and gra.s.ses and sometimes leaves. The three or four eggs are bluish white, unmarked. Size .85 .65. Data.--Chatham Co., Ga., June 10, 1898. 3 eggs. Nest of roots, leaves and snake skin, lined with fine rootlets, 3 feet from the ground in a small oak bush.
597a. WESTERN BLUE GROSBEAK. _Guiraca caerulea lazula._
Range.--Western United States north to Kansas, Colorado and northern California.
Slightly larger than the last and lighter blue; nests the same and egg not distinctive.
