Latin for Beginners Part 9

ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS

[Special Vocabulary]

NOUNS >, f., _rumor; reputation, fame_ >, f., _helmet_

>, f., _booty, spoils_ (predatory) >, n., _weapon of offense, spear_

ADJECTIVES >, _hard, rough; unfeeling, cruel; severe, toilsome_ (durable) >, _Roman_. As a noun, >, m., _a Roman_

<83.>> Adjectives of the first and second declensions are declined in the three genders as follows:

MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER SINGULAR _Nom._ bonus bona bonum _Gen._ boni bonae boni _Dat._ bono bonae bono _Acc._ bonum bonam bonum _Abl._ bono bona bono _Voc._ bone bona bonum

PLURAL _Nom._ boni bonae bona _Gen._ bonorum bonarum bonorum _Dat._ bonis bonis bonis _Acc._ bonos bonas bona _Abl._ bonis bonis bonis

_a._ Write the declension and give it orally _across the page_, thus giving the three genders for each case.

_b._ Decline >; >;

>.

<84.>> Thus far the adjectives have had the same terminations as the nouns. However, the agreement between the adjective and its noun does _not_ mean that they must have the same termination. If the adjective and the noun belong to different declensions, the terminations will, in many cases, not be the same. For example, >, _sailor_, is masculine and belongs to the first declension. The masculine form of the adjective > is of the second declension. Consequently, _a good sailor_ is >. So, _the wicked farmer_ is

Learn the following declensions:

<85.>> > (bases naut- bon-), m., _the good sailor_

SINGULAR _Nom._ nauta bonus _Gen._ nautae boni _Dat._ nautae bono _Acc._ nautam bonum _Abl._ nauta bono _Voc._ nauta bone

PLURAL _Nom._ nautae boni _Gen._ nautarum bonorum _Dat._ nautis bonis _Acc._ nautas bonos _Abl._ nautis bonis _Voc._ nautae boni

<86.>> EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 285.

I. 1. Est[1] in vico nauta bonus. 2. s.e.xtus est amicus nautae boni.

3. s.e.xtus nautae bono galeam dat. 4. Populus Roma.n.u.s nautam bonum laudat. 5. s.e.xtus c.u.m nauta bono praedam portat. 6. Ubi, nauta bone, sunt anna et tela legati Romani? 7. Nautae boni ad bellum properant.

8. Fama nautarum bonorum est clara. 9. Pugnae sunt gratae nautis bonis.

10. Oppidani nautas bonos curant. 11. Cur, nautae boni, mali agricolae ad Rhenum properant? 12. Mali agricolae c.u.m bonis nautis pugnant.

II. 1. The wicked farmer is hastening to the village with (his) booty.

2. The reputation of the wicked farmer is not good. 3. Why does Galba's daughter give arms and weapons to the wicked farmer? 4. Lesbia invites the good sailor to dinner. 5. Why is Lesbia with the good sailor hastening from the cottage? 6. s.e.xtus, where is my helmet? 7. The good sailors are hastening to the toilsome battle. 8. The horses of the wicked farmers are small. 9. The Roman people give money to the good sailors. 10. Friends care for the good sailors. 11. Whose friends are fighting with the wicked farmers?

[Footnote 1: >, beginning a declarative sentence, _there is._]

[Ill.u.s.tration: GALEAE]

LESSON XII

NOUNS IN _-IUS_ AND _-IUM_

[Special Vocabulary]

NOUNS >, m., _son_ (filial) fluvius, fluvi, m., _river_ (fluent) >, m., _sword_ (gladiator)

>, n., _garrison, guard, protection_

>, n., _battle_

ADJECTIVES >, _bordering upon, neighboring, near to_.

As a noun, >, m., plur., _neighbors_ >, _German_. As a noun, >, m., _a German_ >, _much_; plur., _many_

ADVERB >, _often_

<87.>> Nouns of the second declension in <-ius>> and <-ium>> end in <-i>> in the genitive singular, _not_ in <-ii>>, and the accent rests on the penult; as, > from > (_son_),

> from

> (_garrison_).

<88.>> Proper names of persons in <-ius>>, and >, end in <-i>> in the vocative singular, _not_ in <-e>>, and the accent rests on the penult; as, >, _O Vergil_; >, _O son._

_a._ Observe that in these words the vocative and the genitive are alike.

<89.>>

> (base praesidi-), > (base fili-), n., _garrison_ m., _son_

SINGULAR _Nom._ praesidium filius _Gen._ praesi'di fili _Dat._ praesidio filio _Acc._ praesidium filium _Abl._ praesidio filio _Voc._ praesidium fili

The plural is regular. Note that the <-i->> of the base is lost only in the genitive singular, and in the vocative of words like >.

Decline together

>; >; >, _the long river_;

>, _the famous battle._

<90.>> EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 285.

I. 1. Frumentum bonae terrae, gladi mali, belli longi. 2. Constantia magna, praesidia magna, clare Vergi'li. 3. Male serve, O clarum oppidum, male fili, filii mali, fili mali. 4. Fluvi longi, fluvii longi, fluviorum longorum, fama praesi'di magni. 5. c.u.m gladiis parvis, c.u.m deabus claris, ad nautas claros. 6. Multorum proeliorum, praedae magnae, ad proelia dura.

GERMANIA

II. Germania, patria Germanorum, est clara terra. In Germania sunt fluvii multi. Rhenus magnus et latus fluvius Germaniae est. In silvis latis Germaniae sunt ferae multae. Multi Germanii in oppidis magnis et in vicis parvis habitant et multi sunt agricolae boni. Bella Germanorum sunt magna et clara. Populus Germaniae bellum et proelia amat et saepe c.u.m finitimis pugnat. Fluvius Rhenus est finitimus oppidis[1] multis et claris.

[Footnote 1: Dative with >. (See --43.)]

LESSON XIII

SECOND DECLENSION (_Continued_)

[Special Vocabulary]

NOUNS >, f., _plenty, abundance_ (copious); plur., _troops, forces_ >, m., _Cornelius_ >, f., _coat of mail, corselet_

>, n., _reward, prize_ (premium)

>, m., _boy_ (puerile) >, f., _Rome_ >, n., _s.h.i.+eld_ (escutcheon) >, m., _man, hero_ (virile)

ADJECTIVES >,[A] _legionary, belonging to the legion_.

As a noun, >, m., plur., _legionary soldiers_ >, _free_ (liberty) As a noun. >, m., plur., _children_ (lit. _the freeborn_)

>, _pretty, beautiful_

PREPOSITION

CONJUNCTION >, _but_