Latin for Beginners Part 33

<288.>> EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 295.

I. 1. Ego et tu[1] in eadem urbe vivimus. 2. Iter ipsum non timemus sed feras saevas quae in silva densa esse dic.u.n.tur. 3. Olim nos ipsi idem iter fecimus. 4. Eo tempore multas feras vidimus. 5. Sed n.o.bis non nocuerunt. 6. Caesar ipse scutum de manibus militis eripuit et in ipsam aciem properavit. 7. Itaque milites summa virtute tela in hostium corpora iecerunt. 8. Romani quoque gravia vulnera acceperunt. 9. Denique hostes terga verterunt et ommis in partis[2] fugerunt. 10. Eadem hora litterae Romam ab imperatore ipso missae sunt. 11. Eodem mense captivi quoque in Italiam missi sunt. 12. Sed multi propter vulnera iter difficile trans montis facere recusabant et Genavae esse dicebantur.

II. 1. At Pompeii there is a wonderful mountain. 2. When I was in that place, I myself saw that mountain. 3. On the same day many cities were destroyed by fire and stones from that very mountain. 4. You have not heard the true story of that calamity, have you?[3] 5. On that day the very sun could not give light to men. 6. You yourself ought to tell (to) us that story.

[Footnote 1: Observe that in Latin we say _I and you_, not _you and I_.]

[Footnote 2: Not _parts_, but _directions_.]

[Footnote 3: Cf. --210.]

<289.>> HOW HORATIUS HELD THE BRIDGE[4]

Tarquinius Superbus, septimus et ultimus rex Romanorum, ubi in exsilium ab iratis Romanis eiectus est, a Porsena, rege Etruscorum, auxilium petiit. Mox Porsena magnis c.u.m copiis Romam venit, et ipsa urbs summo in periculo erat. Omnibus in partibus exercitus Roma.n.u.s victus erat. Iam rex montem Ianiculum[5] occupaverat. Numquam antea Romani tanto metu tenebantur. Ex agris in urbem properabant et summo studio urbem ipsam muniebant.

[Footnote 4: The story of Horatius has been made familiar by Macaulay's well-known poem "Horatius" in his _Lays of Ancient Rome_.

Read the poem in connection with this selection.]

[Footnote 5: The Janiculum is a high hill across the Tiber from Rome.]

LESSON LI

THE DEMONSTRATIVE p.r.o.nOUNS _HIC_, _ISTE_, _ILLE_

[Special Vocabulary]

>, demonstrative p.r.o.noun, _this_ (of mine); _he, she, it_ >, demonstrative p.r.o.noun _that_ (yonder); _he, she, it_ >, _hateful, detested_, with dative Cf. --143 >, demonstrative p.r.o.noun, _that_ (of yours); _he, she, it_ >, f., _liberty_ >, m., _measure; manner, way, mode_ >, n., _name_ (nominate) >, m., _eye_ (oculist)

>, _former, old-time_ (pristine)

>, _public, belonging to the state;_ >, f., _the commonwealth, the state, the republic_ >, n., _footprint, track; trace, vestige_ >, f., _voice_

<290.>> We have already learned the declension of the demonstrative p.r.o.noun > and its use. (Cf. Lesson XVII.) That p.r.o.noun refers to persons or things either far or near, and makes no definite reference to place or time. If we wish to point out an object definitely in place or time, we must use >, >, or > These demonstratives, like >, are used both as p.r.o.nouns and as adjectives, and their relation to the speaker may be represented graphically thus:

> > > SPEAKER ------------->-------------->---------------> _this_, _he_; _that_, _he_; _that_, _he_ (near); (remote); (more remote)

_a._ In dialogue > refers to a person or thing near the speaker; >, to a person or thing near the person addressed; >, to a person or thing remote from both. These distinctions are ill.u.s.trated in the model sentences, --293, which should be carefully studied and imitated.

<291.>> > is declined as follows:

SINGULAR MASC. FEM. NEUT.

_Nom._ hic haec hoc _Gen._ huius huius huius _Dat._ huic huic huic _Acc._ hunc hanc hoc _Abl._ hoc hac hoc

PLURAL _Nom._ hi hae haec _Gen._ horum harum horum _Dat._ his his his _Acc._ hos has haec _Abl._ his his his

_a._ > is p.r.o.nounced _ho?o'yo?os_, and > is p.r.o.nounced _ho?oic_ (one syllable).

<292.>> The demonstrative p.r.o.nouns >, >, >, and >, >, >, except for the nominative and accusative singular neuter forms > and >, are declined exactly like >, >, > (See --481.)

<293.>> >

_Is this horse_ (of mine) _strong?_ >

_That horse_ (of yours) _is strong, but that one_ (yonder) _is weak_ >

_Are these_ (men by me) _your friends?_ >

_Those_ (men by you) _are my friends, but those_ (men yonder) _are enemies_ >

<294.>> EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 295.

I. _A German Chieftain addresses his Followers._ Ille fortis Germanorum dux suos convocavit et hoc modo animos eorum confirmavit. "Vos, qui in his finibus vivitis, in hunc loc.u.m convocavi[1] quia mec.u.m debetis istos agros et istas domos ab iniuriis Romanorum liberare. Hoc n.o.bis non difficile erit, quod illi hostes has silvas densas, feras saevas quarum vestigia vident, montes altos timent. Si fortes erimus, dei ipsi n.o.bis viam salutis demonstrabunt. Ille sol, isti oculi calamitates nostras viderunt.[1] Itaque nomen illius rei publicae Romanae non solum n.o.bis, sed etiam omnibus hominibus qui libertatem amant, est invisum. Ad arma vos voco. Exercete istam pristinam virtutem et vincetis."

[Footnote 1: The perfect definite. (Cf. --190.)]

II. 1. Does that bird (of yours)[2] sing? 2. This bird (of mine)[2]

sings both[3] in summer and in winter and has a beautiful voice.

3. Those birds (yonder)[2] in the country don't sing in winter.

4. s.n.a.t.c.h a spear from the hands of that soldier (near you)[2] and come home with me. 5. With those very eyes (of yours)[2] you will see the tracks of the hateful enemy who burned my dwelling and made an attack on my brother. 6. For (

>) these deeds (>) we ought to inflict punishment on him without delay. 7. The enemies of the republic do not always suffer punishment.

[Footnote 2: English words in parentheses are not to be translated.

They are inserted to show what demonstratives should be used.

(Cf. --290.)]

[Footnote 3: _both ... and_, >.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: HORATIUS PONTEM DEFENDIT]

<295.>> HOW HORATIUS HELD THE BRIDGE (_Continued_)

Altera urbis pars muris, altera flumine satis muniri videbatur. Sed erat pons in flumine qui hostibus iter paene dedit. Tum Horatius Cocles, fortis vir, magna voce dixit, "Rescindite pontem, Romani! Brevi tempore Porsena in urbem copias suas traducet." Iam hostes in ponte erant, sed Horatius c.u.m duobus (cf. --479) comitibus ad extremam pontis partem properavit, et hi soli aciem hostium sustinuerunt. Tum vero cives Romani pontem a tergo rescindere incipiunt, et hostes frustra Horatium superare temptant.

LESSON LII

THE INDEFINITE p.r.o.nOUNS

[Special Vocabulary]

>, _unharmed_ >, adv., _not even_. The emphatic word stands between > and > >, conj., _unless, if ... not_

>, adv., _almost_ (pen-insula) >, adv., _enough, sufficiently_ (satisfaction) >, _so great_ >, adv., _truly, indeed, in fact_. As a conj. _but, however_, usually stands second, never first.

>, _fall down_ (deciduous) >, _leap down, dismount_ >, _remain_ >, _lead across_

<296.>> The indefinite p.r.o.nouns are used to refer to _some person_ or _some thing_, without indicating which particular one is meant. The p.r.o.nouns > and >, which we have learned in their interrogative and relative uses, may also be indefinite; and nearly all the other indefinite p.r.o.nouns are compounds of > or > and declined almost like them. Review the declension of these words, ----221, 227.

<297.>> Learn the declension and meaning of the following indefinites:

MASC. FEM. NEUT.