The Hero of Esthonia and Other Studies in the Romantic Literature of That Country Part 44

CHARM AGAINST SNAKE-BITE.[81]

Thou beneath the bridge, the smooth wood Under juniper the rough wood, Thou the arrow in the willows, O thou challenged gold-adorned one, Earthy-coloured, liver-coloured, Rainy-hued and hazel-coloured, Firebrand hued and cherry-coloured, Do not thou in secret bite me, Nor attack me unsuspecting, Do not bite me when I heed not.

[Footnote 81: Kreutzwald and Neus, _Mythische und magische Lieder_, p.

7. Charms of this kind are very common in Finland and Esthonia, and a whole volume has been published by the Finnish Literary Society under the name of _Loitsurunoja_, selections from which have been recently published in "Folklore" by the Hon. John Abercromby.]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The present list contains only books and papers which have been used or specially consulted in the preparation of this work, or which have been published in England on Esthonian tales and poems. Other books quoted are referred to in the Index and Glossary.

BLUMBERG, G. _Quellen und Realien des Kalewipoeg, nebst Varianten und Erganzungen_. Dorpat, 1869. An important work, including a map, from which we have borrowed some particulars.

BOECLER, J.M. _Der Ehsten aberglaubische Gebrauche, Weisen, und Gewohnheiten, von Johann Wolfgang Boecler, weiland Pastor zu Kusal in Ehstland und des Consistorii in Reval a.s.sessor. Mit auf die Gegenwart bezuglichen Anmerkungen beleuchtet von Dr. F. R. Kreutzwald_. St.

Petersburg, 1854.

BOUQUET _from the Baltic_. _All the Year Round_, IV. pp. 80-83 (Nov. 3, 1860). Relates to some of the legends of Vanemuine, the _Kalevipoeg_, and Koit and Aemmerik.

DIDO, A. _Litterature orale des Estoniens_. _Bibliographie des princ.i.p.ale Publications de l'Estonie, et en particulier celle du Dr.

Frederic Reinhold Kreutzwald_, 1804-1882. _Revue des Traditions Populaires_, VIII. pp. 353-365, 424-428, 485-495 (1893). Contains an account, more or less detailed, of the longer tales in Kreutzwald's collection, a few being fully translated.

DIDO, A. _Kalewipoeg, epopee nationale Estonienne_. Op. cit. IX. pp.

137-155 (1894). Contains an a.n.a.lysis of the poem.

DONNER, A. _Kalevipoeg jumalaistarulliselta ja historialliselta kannalta katsottuna_. _Suomi_, ser. 2, vol. 5 (1866). Discusses the mythological and historical character of the _Kalevipoeg_, and its relations to the _Kalevala_, especially as regards the episode of Kullervo.

ESTHONIA. _Encyclopaedia Britannica_ (ed. IX.), vol. viii. pp. 561-563 (1878).

GOULD, S.B. _The Kalevipoeg_. _Fraser's Magazine_, vol. 78, pp. 534-544 (Oct. 1868). A fragmentary account of the poem, containing some curious errors, such as "Sarwik" being translated "h.e.l.l;" but with useful comments, especially on the Kalevide's voyage to the North Pole. We cannot see, however, that the Esthonian writings exhibit the melancholy character of a depressed nation, as Mr. Baring-Gould imagines.

GROSSE, JULIUS. _Die Abenteuer des Kalewiden: Esthnisches Volksmarchen_.

Leipzig, 1875. An abstract of the story in hexameters.

ISRAEL, C. CHR. _Kalewipoeg, oder die Abenteuer des Kalewiden, Eine estnische Sage frei nach dem Estnischen bearbeitet_. Frankfort-on-Main, 1873. A good prose abstract of the poem, somewhat rearranged.

JANNSEN, HARRY. _Marchen und Sagen des estnischen Volkes_. Two Parts.

Dorpat, 1881, and Riga, 1888. A selection of tales from various sources, some few being from Kreutzwald's collection. Valuable notes are appended to Part ii.

----. _Esthnische Marchen_. _Veckenstedt's Zeitschrift fur Volkskunde_, i. pp. 314-317 (1889). Contains three stories: "The Devil's Visit,"

"The Talking Trees" (Christian variant), and "The Officious Flies."

Jannsen states that the first has already been printed in the original, and that the other two are from his own collections.

KALEWIPOEG, _uks ennemuistene Eesti jut_. Kuopio, 1862. An earlier edition was published at Dorpat with the German translation; but this is the one which I have consulted in the preparation of this work.

KALEWIPOEG, _eine estnische Sage, zusammengestellt von F.R. Kreutzwald, verdeutscht von C. Reinthal und Dr. Bertram_. Dorpat, 1857-61.

KIRBY, W.F. _On the Progress of Folk-lore Collections in Esthonia, with special reference to the work of Pastor Jacob Hurt_. _Papers and Transactions of International Folk-lore Congress_, 1892, pp. 427-429.

Based on information published by, or received from, Prof. Kaarle Krohn of Helsingfors.

KREUTZWALD, F.R. _Eestirahwa ennemuisted jutud. Rahwa suust korjanud ja uleskirjutanud_. Helsingfors, 1866. One of the first and best collections of Esthonian tales, but without notes. I believe that several later editions have been published at Dorpat.

---- _Ehstnische Marchen, aufgezeichnet von Friedrich Kreutzwald_. _Aus dem Ehstnischen ubersetzt von F. Lowe, ehem. Bibliothekar a. d. Petersb.

Akad. d. Wissenschaften_. _Nebst einem Vorwort von Anton Schiefner, und Anmerkungen von Reinhold Kohler und Anton Schiefner_. Halle, 1869.

Includes a very close translation of most of the longer tales in Kreutzwald's collection. The notes, too, are valuable.

KREUTZWALD, Fr., und NEUS, H. _Mythische und Magische Lieder der Ehsten_. St. Petersburg, 1854. In Esthonian and German.

KROHN, KAARLE. _Die geographische Verbreitung Estnischer Lieder_.

Kuopio, 1892. This paper is noted in "Folk-Lore," IV. p. 19 (March, 1893).

LATHAM, R. _Nationalities of Europe_. 2 vols. London, 1863. Vol. i.

includes translations of fourteen of the princ.i.p.al poems from Neus'

_Ehstnische Volkslieder_.

LoWE, F. _See_ KREUTZWALD.

NEUS, H. _Ehstnische Volkslieder. Urschrift und Uebersetzung_. Reval, 1850-52. A collection of 119 poems in Esthonian and German, with notes.

OXENFORD, JOHN. _The Esthonian Hercules_. _Macmillan's Magazine_, vol.

30, pp. 263-272 (July 1874). An outline of the story of the _Kalevipoeg_, based on Israel's little book.

POPULAR POETRY _of the Esthonians_. Varieties of Literature from Foreign Literary Journals and Original MSS., now first published. London, 1795, pp. 22-44 (reprinted in "Folk-Lore Journal," iii. pp. 156-169, 1885).

Contains twelve specimens of lyric poetry, undoubtedly based on some German publication. The anonymous compiler makes the strange mistake of regarding the Esthonians as "Sclavonians."

SCHIEFNER, A. _Ueber die ehstnische Sage vom Kalewipoeg_. _Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersburg_, ii. pp. 273-297 (1860). Contains an a.n.a.lysis of the first thirteen cantos of the _Kalevipoeg_, with reference to Finnish, Scandinavian, and Cla.s.sical parallels.

SCHOTT. _Ueber finnische und estnische Heldensagen, Monatsbericht d.

k.k. Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin_, 1866, pp. 249-260.

I am indebted to Mr. Sydney Hartland for kindly calling my attention to one or two papers which I might otherwise have overlooked.

THE END