Body Farm: Bones Of Betrayal Part 11

Arpad Va.s.s emerged from the dimness to shake my hand and turn on the light; the fluorescents were bright enough to hurt my eyes at first, and I could understand why Arpad might prefer the dark, at least for computer work.

Arpad was one of the most innovative graduate students I'd ever had. Rather than focusing on physical anthropology-bones, essentially-Arpad's Ph.D. research had focused on chemicals. Specifically, he developed a way to interpret the chemicals of decomposition like a clock, one that told the time since death.

For the past five years, Arpad had been collecting and a.n.a.lyzing the gases given off by bodies as they decomposed. In one corner of the Body Farm, he'd buried four bodies in graves of varying depths. He threaded the graves with a grid of perforated pipes leading to the surface of the ground. Every two weeks since burying the bodies, he had collected air samples from within and above the graves, and had run the samples through a gas chromatograph-ma.s.s spectrometer, a sophisticated a.n.a.lytical instrument that isolated individual compounds from the smelly samples. Over the course of the experiment, Arpad had identified nearly five hundred separate compounds given off by bodies as they decay. Many of the compounds were common, found virtually everywhere in nature; however, he'd found about thirty key compounds that-collectively-could be read as the fingerprint of a buried body. More specifically, as the fingerprint of a buried human body, rather than as the rotting remains of, say, a deer or dog or pig.

But Arpad wasn't just a.n.a.lyzing the chemical fingerprint of a buried body; he was also developing a gizmo that could detect that fingerprint out in the field. The gizmo, which he called "the sniffer," was a mechanical version of a cadaver dog's nose, and it was designed to find clandestine graves. The last time I'd seen him, Arpad was testing a prototype of the sniffer.

After shaking hands with Arpad, Thornton closed the door to the office. Arpad-a dark-haired, brown-eyed man of Hungarian descent-raised his eyebrows in an unspoken question. At Thornton's request, I hadn't told Arpad what we wanted to see him about; only that an FBI agent and I wanted to consult him about a forensic case.

"This is fairly sensitive," said Thornton. "We have evidence that a murder occurred in the vicinity of the Laboratory back during the Manhattan Project. We also suspect that espionage-spying for the Soviets-may have played some part in the murder."

"Interesting," said Arpad. "What's the evidence?"

Thornton nodded at me. I opened the manila envelope I'd brought with me and slid out the photographs, laying them on Arpad's desk. As he studied the images of the body and the shallow grave, he smiled. "That looks like pretty good evidence," he said. "This evidence has just come to light?" I nodded. "This body was never found?" I nodded again.

Arpad smiled again. "Very interesting," he said.

"Tell me about this sniffer you're working on," Thornton said. "How does it work-and how well does it work?"

If I hadn't known Arpad well, I probably wouldn't have noticed the flicker of impatience in his eyes. It lasted only a split second, and then-almost like flipping a switch-he was in presentation mode, pitching himself and his work to the agent. "The research is funded by the Department of Justice," he said. "We've been exploring two technologies for detecting clandestine graves. One is a simple off-the-shelf technology; the other is something more sophisticated, which we're creating from scratch for DOJ." He walked around the desk and picked up a pistol-shaped device from a bookshelf that lined the long wall of the office. In the place of a metal barrel, though, was an eighteen-inch black rubber tube, with a metal tip on the end. "This is a TopGun H10X commercial Freon detector," Arpad said, "just like air-conditioning technicians use to check your central air for leaks." Thornton looked puzzled, and I was pretty sure I did, too, as I hadn't heard this part of Arpad's pitch before. "It turns out," Arpad went on, "that among the thirty key compounds a decaying body gives off, three are Freon compounds. So this is an easy way to do a crude search with existing, cheap technology. Here, I'll show you." Arpad opened up a file cabinet and removed a small gla.s.s vial sealed with a rubber stopper. Inside was about a teaspoonful of something that looked like garden-variety dirt.

"This is a soil sample from the surface of a shallow grave at the Body Farm," he said. He pried out the stopper; I sniffed, but I didn't smell decomp. "If the body had been on top of this, this would really stink," he said, and I nodded in agreement. "But since it was above the body, the volatile fatty acids weren't soaking into the dirt. Instead, as the bodies underneath off-gased, the gases slowly migrated up through the soil. Much, much fainter." He dug around in the file drawer and found a plastic bag, then laid the vial in the bottom of the bag. Next he flipped a switch on the detector. It growled to life, with a noise somewhere between a squeal and electronic static. Arpad dialed a switch and the noise subsided to an occasional chirp. Inserting the end of the Freon detector's wand in the bag, he clutched the bag tightly around the tube to seal it. After a few seconds, the detector began to chirp faster and faster, until soon it was almost back to a continuous squeal.

Thornton nodded, but there was a grudging quality to the nod. "So as long as somebody bags the body for you and you stick that wand in the bag, you can find the body?" This time anyone could have detected the impatience in Arpad's expression.

"That's about thirty grams of soil," Arpad said. "An ounce. There's probably a few picograms-a few billionths of an ounce-of decomp chemicals in that sample. This isn't infallible, but it's not bad for starters, considering that you can buy it on eBay for eighty bucks."

"So that's not the sniffer you're creating for DOJ, right?"

"Right. This is the sniffer we're creating for DOJ." Arpad opened a cabinet and removed an instrument that appeared to be a cross between a metal detector and a weed whacker. On closer inspection, I noticed that instead of a loop or a cutting head, the lower end of the device held a small cylindrical probe. Arpad flipped a switch at the upper end of the device, and it clicked slowly, much like a Geiger counter. "Depending on which sensors we put in the probe," he said, "we can search for a fresh body, a decaying body, or a really old one." He inserted the probe into the bag, and after a few seconds the clicks ran together into a machine-gun-fire buzz.

Thornton leaned forward and studied the sniffer. "So how long would it take to search an area with that rig?"

"Depends on how big the area is," said Arpad. "These photos seem to indicate the general location, but we could still be talking about an area a hundred yards square. If you tried to put the probe into the ground every square foot, you'd be taking eight hundred thousand samples. You got months to spend poking the tip of this into the ground?"

Thornton shrugged. "If that's what it takes. We've spent years looking for Jimmy Hoffa."

"Well, I don't have years," said Arpad. "I don't even have a week, because my DOJ sponsors are breathing down my neck to lock the design of this thing so they can start getting it into the hands of police departments all around the country."

"Any suggestions," I intervened, "on how we might harness this as efficiently as possible?"

"I suggest we bring in a cadaver dog to prescreen the search area, see if there are places he's interested in. Dogs cover ground faster than we can; a good dog could save us days or weeks of gridwork."

"I thought the idea behind this was to replace the dog," said Thornton.

"More like 'supplement' the dog," Arpad said. "Dogs have spent millions of years evolving great noses. They can be trained to pick up tiny, tiny traces of specific scents-bombs, drugs, truffles, tumors, human bones. Not only can they detect it, they can track it, swim upstream-figuratively speaking-to the source of it. Scent isn't a static, stationary thing; it's almost got a life of its own, like moving water: it flows, it pools, it sinks, it creeps along underground layers of rock. A good cadaver dog can work his way up that current of scent-a few molecules at a time-till he gets closer and closer to the source. If we bring in a good cadaver dog, we could narrow the search area by ninety percent or more."

"Sounds like a good idea," I said. "You know any good cadaver dogs?"

"Actually, yes," said Arpad. "A German shepherd named Cherokee. He found some bare human bones in a creek bed up near Bristol, which isn't particularly amazing; he found a freshly drowned man in twenty feet of water in the Big South Fork River, which is rather amazing. I actually worked with Cherokee to help calibrate the sniffer. I ran different decomp samples past him to see if he'd alert on them-to make sure he'd recognize them as human remains. Then I repeated the process with synthetic, laboratory mixtures of a few of the key chemicals in decomp. Cherokee alerted on them; so did the sniffer. All that was indoors. Then we went out into the woods, where we did all that again with buried samples. The dog found them all; so did the sniffer."

Thornton settled back in his chair and drummed his fingers together. "So, no offense intended," he said, "but what's the sniffer got that the dog doesn't have?"

"It's got stamina," said Arpad. "A dog's nose gives out pretty quickly-the neurons that send signals to the brain just get tired and quit sending. A cadaver dog can work intensely for maybe half an hour, tops, then he's got to rest. The only thing that gives out in the sniffer is the battery, and that takes sixty seconds to replace."

Thornton nodded, satisfied. "You reckon we could get Cherokee out here anytime soon to scout around, help us narrow down the search area?"

"I'll call and see," he said. "Where's the search area?" He reached back to a credenza tucked beneath the window and grabbed a cylinder of rolled paper. Unfurling a topographic map of the Oak Ridge Reservation, he spread it on his desk and weighted the corners with books.

Thornton and I looked at each other. "There's the rub," I said. "We're not exactly sure." Arpad's gaze swiveled from me to Thornton and back again. I laid one of the hillside pictures on the map. "We think it's buried here, where this picture of this barn was taken."

"And where's the barn?"

"That's the thing," I said. "We don't know where it is. Or was."

He looked stunned. "You're saying it could be-or could have been-anywhere on the reservation?" I nodded glumly. "And you don't even know if it still exists?" I nodded again. "This is a chemical probe, guys, not a magic wand," he said. "You're talking about a search area that's, what, fifty thousand acres? It would take a lifetime to probe this whole place. Several lifetimes. I don't mind looking for a needle in a haystack, but this is fifty thousand haystacks. Call me when you can narrow it down to just one."

AS WE DROVE AWAY FROM the research complex, I said to Thornton, "Arpad's a little low-key, but he's really excited about this."

Thornton guffawed. "Yeah," he said. "And Miranda's voting Republican in the next election."

Now it was my turn to laugh. "Okay, he's not so excited," I admitted. "I was trying to be upbeat. Sorry we wasted the trip."

"Wasn't wasted," he said. "I can call up Arpad's sponsor at DOJ and tell him the gadget works. Long as you already know where the body is." I must have looked alarmed, because he quickly added, "Kidding. I'm kidding."

We headed east, back toward Oak Ridge and Knoxville, for about a mile, then Thornton pointed to a sign on the left. "There it is-SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE," he said. "That's my stop." The road wound uphill in a series of gentle S-curves; at the top of the ridge sprawled an immense new building, five curving stories of green gla.s.s and brushed aluminum.

"Wow," I said. "Arpad needs to make friends with these guys. They've got better digs." I parked near the entrance in a spot marked VISITOR, though we could have taken our pick of dozens of other convenient spots. "More parking, too."

"I think they're still putting the finis.h.i.+ng touches on this," he said. "I don't believe the neutrons are spallating fully just yet."

"Remind me what spallation means," I said, as we walked toward the gla.s.s doors.

"Comes from the same root word as spa-lat," he said, then he laughed. "Nah, kidding again. It's from spalling-chipping-like concrete does. Spallation's a subatomic version of concrete chipping. This thing fires zillions of neutrons out a huge linear accelerator-see that long, straight dike of dirt there, running from the main building over to that smaller building way over there? I think the accelerator's under there. Anyhow, it shoots neutrons at experimental targets or materials, and then people who are a lot smarter than I am figure out all sorts of important things about those materials, based on what happens when the neutrons bash into them."

"Bash?"

"Bash. Splat. Wham. Take your pick. They're all scientifically rigorous and precise."

"Rigorous," I said.

"And precise."

"So they make radioisotopes here with some of the bas.h.i.+ng?"

"Huh? I don't think so," he said. "Where'd you hear that?"

"Well, you have a meeting with an isotopes-production guy," I said, "and we're here."

"Ah," he said. "A reasonable inference, but wrong. They make the isotopes at a research reactor, the High-Flux Isotope Reactor. But the security's tighter there, and the digs are better here. And the isotopes guy is apparently better connected than Arpad."

Thornton's "isotopes guy"-the program's director, it turned out, named Barry Vandergriff-met us in the atrium and motioned us toward a cl.u.s.ter of overstuffed armchairs in an alcove of the lobby. I excused myself from their meeting and wandered among a series of displays that showed cutaway drawings of the facility's accelerator and neutron-beam guides and experimental capabilities. Some of it was over my head, but I did grasp the notion that neutrons-and how they got deflected or scattered as they bounced off materials, or pa.s.sed through them-could shed a lot of light on the molecular structure of metals, plastics, even the proteins that make up living organisms.

I had just begun to study a large, mercury-filled metal tank-the mercury served as an immense catcher's mitt, apparently, to stop the neutron beam after it had pa.s.sed through its experimental target-when Thornton tapped me on the shoulder. "I'm done," he said. "You ready, or did you want to study up some more?"

"I'm ready," I said. "I'm up to my eyeb.a.l.l.s in neutrons."

As we walked out of the building, Thornton said, "I wanted to talk to this guy to get more background on the iridium sources for radiographic cameras-who makes those sources, and how, and where."

"And could he? Did he?"

"He could," he said. "He did."

"And?"

"For years, the only U.S. source of iridium-192 was the High-Flux Isotope Reactor, right here in Oak Ridge."

"But now there are other U.S. sources?"

"No. Now not even HFIR's making it. Too expensive. Now it's imported from reactors in Belgium and the Netherlands and South Africa."

"It's cheaper to make it overseas and s.h.i.+p it in?"

"I guess so," he said. "Maybe those governments subsidize the isotope reactors better, or maybe safety standards are lower or labor's cheaper. Anyhow, that complicates our efforts to pin down where this came from."

"d.a.m.n," I said. "If this stuff has a half-life of only seventy-four days, how's there time to s.h.i.+p it halfway around the world?"

He shrugged. "They s.h.i.+p sus.h.i.+ from Tokyo to New York, and sus.h.i.+ has a lot shorter half-life than this stuff. It's just a matter of figuring out a fast, reliable delivery system. h.e.l.l, iridium-192 can be air-expressed on DHL or FedEx if the s.h.i.+pment's not huge and the container's approved."

I almost wished he hadn't told me that. I wasn't sure I'd look at those delivery trucks in quite the same way ever again.

CHAPTER 26.

WHERE DO YOU WANT TO HAVE DINNER?".

The question caught me by surprise. "Excuse me?" I pulled the cell phone slightly away from my ear and glanced at the display, hoping for quick enlightenment. I didn't recognize the number, but I did recognize the 482 as an Oak Ridge number. "Oh," I said, a smile breaking across my face. "I think you should be the one to choose. Since I gather you've hit the jackpot. Or found the barn."

"Maybe," said Isabella, the librarian. "If I'm wrong, I'll pay you back. But I don't think I'm wrong."

"Then pick a good restaurant," I said. "The best in Oak Ridge."

"The best in Oak Ridge? That's easy."

Ninety minutes later, I parked my truck in the lot beside Wildcat Stadium, the high school football field in Oak Ridge, and one of the city's earliest landmarks. Although the original high school had long since been demolished-replaced by a sprawling, modern complex two miles away, right across the Turnpike from Isabella's library-the stadium had never been replaced. Tucked into a natural hollow in the side of Black Oak Ridge, the stadium-home to quite a few champions.h.i.+p football teams over the years-felt like small-town Americana. From where I parked, I could see the stadium, Chapel on the Hill, and the Alexander Inn. Cl.u.s.tered so close together, they seemed an architectural trinity of sorts, embodying human play, spiritual sanctuary, a scientific crossroads. Such a small town; such a big legacy.

Crossing Broadway, the two-block street that separated the football field from Jackson Square, I strolled beneath a sidewalk awning and stepped into the finest restaurant in Oak Ridge, and one of the finest in East Tennessee: Big Ed's Pizza.

Big Ed's was the creation of Ed Neusel, and the nickname was actually an understatement. Big Ed was a mountain of a man, as anyone who'd seen him perched on the bar stool at the back of the pizzeria could attest. Big Ed had long since gone to that great pizza kitchen in the sky, but his legacy and his likeness lived on. The restaurant's gla.s.s front window featured a larger-than-life caricature of Big Ed's face. T-s.h.i.+rts featuring the same likeness-and the quote I MAKE MY OWN DOUGH-were considered must-have souvenirs by tourists savvy enough to appreciate Oak Ridge's contributions to history and cuisine.

The kitchen was open, and ran most of the length of the deep, narrow restaurant. Behind the counter that separated the kitchen from the dining area, eight or ten high school kids-all wearing Big Ed's T-s.h.i.+rts-hustled beneath fluorescent lights, twirling disks of dough, dealing out toppings, shuttling pies in and out of a wallful of ovens. During his lifetime, Ed Neusel had always been quick to give a kid a job, and I was pleased to see that his policy, like his pizza, had survived his pa.s.sing.

The dining area was dark as a cave-black ceiling, dark hardwood floor, dingy walls, dim lights. That was probably for the best. I felt my foot slip slightly, on grease or tomato sauce or a mix of the two, until its skid was halted by a sticky patch of drying beer or soda. There was probably a health inspector's rating posted on a wall somewhere in here, but I didn't want to see it.

I scanned the dim interior for Isabella. I didn't see her. For that matter, although the place was full, I didn't see much of anybody-not well enough to discern identifying facial features, at least. The place could have been packed with Anthropology Department faculty and graduate students, and I wouldn't have been able to recognize any of them.

At my back, I felt a blast of cold air as the door to the street opened. "Hi." I heard her voice at my elbow again. She had a way of sneaking up on me that I was starting to like. "We had an after-hours staff meeting that ran long. Somebody's been cutting the racy paintings out of the art books, and we're trying to figure out how to catch them."

"Art thieves in the Oak Ridge library," I said. "Who'd've guessed? Is nothing sacred anymore?"

"Maybe theft; maybe censors.h.i.+p," she said. "Hard to tell. Either way, it's bad for the books. Shall we sit?" She nodded at a booth tucked into a narrow alcove just inside the door, and we slid onto facing benches. Some of the fluorescent light from the kitchen spilled into the booth-not so good for the appet.i.te, but better for watching as she talked. She handed me a menu-a simple card listing sizes and toppings, the paper translucent with grease. "What do you like?"

"Just about everything except olives," I said. "Pepperoni, sausage, ham-any of those. What about you?"

"I'm a vegetarian," she said. "How about we order two? One for you, one for me?"

One of the high schoolers, a lanky redhead sporting torn jeans and red Converse high-tops with his T-s.h.i.+rt, came to take our order. Isabella pointed him to me, so I ordered a c.o.ke and a small Hawaiian pizza, with ham and pineapple and onion. She made a face, then ordered a beer and a veggie special for herself. The kid jotted it down and turned to go, then turned back. "The veggie-also small?"

"Actually, no," she said. "Make mine a large."

I laughed. "Aren't you a dainty thing?"

"Hey, you're buying. And I want leftovers."

I called our server back a second time and changed my order to large as well.

"So," I said to her, "you got something for me that's worth a large veggie special and a beer?"

"If you don't think so," she said, "we'll split the tab."

She tugged a handful of napkins from the dispenser huddled against the wall-they were small, flimsy napkins, better suited to dabbing a crumb of crumpet off a powdered cheek than to soaking up grease and sauce-and swabbed the table with them. Then she reached into a shoulder bag and pulled out a magazine whose cover proclaimed it to be the ORNL Review. I'd seen an issue or two of it; it was published by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and it contained a mix of articles-some breezy, others way over my head, technically-that summed up what a billion dollars a year would buy these days, in the science-and-energy department. Your tax dollars at work, I always thought when I ran across the magazine. Better in Oak Ridge, and better in the cause of science, than in a lot of other places and ways I could think of.

She opened the magazine, and I saw a print of the Novak photo tucked into the pages. She rotated the magazine and the photo toward me, keeping the photo positioned over the one page of the spread-keeping me in suspense, I guessed. That was okay with me; I was enjoying this. It felt like a dance-the closest thing to dancing I'd done since Jess, whom I'd loved and lost less than a year before.

"So this, obviously, is your picture," she was saying. "Not a lot to go on. Woods and a hillside and a barn. Doesn't narrow things down a lot here in East Tennessee." I shook my head sorrowfully, signaling that I knew the cause was hopeless-that it would take a miracle or a genius, or both, to solve this enigmatic puzzle. "I'll pretend not to notice that you're mocking me," she said. I laughed, and so did she. "Anyway. I kept looking at this after you left, and thinking I'd seen that barn before. Of course, anytime you stare at something long enough, your mind plays tricks on you, right?" I nodded, not teasing this time, because I realized I'd been staring at her, and my mind was playing some tricks on me at this very moment. "So. I have some regulars-patrons who like to hang out in the Oak Ridge Room. Old-timers, mostly, people who lived through the stuff that's archived on the shelves. It's an easy trip down Memory Lane."

"Sure," I said. "I'm fascinated, and it's not even my history."

"Right," she said. "Well, one of my regulars-oh, stop," she scolded, kicking me slightly under the table for wiggling my eyebrows-"one of my regulars used to be Ed Westcott, the photographer who took all the pictures in those notebooks. His job was to doc.u.ment it, capture the Manhattan Project on film, for posterity. Unlike anybody except maybe General Groves or Colonel Nichols, Westcott could go wherever he wanted, see whatever he wanted, and photograph whatever he wanted. Pretty amazing, when you think about it. He had a stroke a couple of years ago, and he has trouble speaking, so he doesn't get to the library much anymore. But he's lucid, and he emails. So I emailed your picture to him. I also sent it to Ray Smith, who writes history columns about Oak Ridge history for two newspapers. I figured if anybody might recognize that barn, it'd be either Ray or Ed." She paused and leaned back so she could study my reaction to what she'd said so far.

Or maybe she was just leaning back so the high school kid could set our drinks on the table. My c.o.ke came in a paper cup; her beer arrived in a frosted-gla.s.s mug. Evidently Big Ed or his successors had considered beer to be higher than c.o.ke on the beverage chain. She hoisted the mug in my direction, so I raised my cup to toast. "To historical detective work," I said, and we tapped the gla.s.ses together. The paper cup did not produce a particularly satisfying sound or feel, but the gesture still felt celebratory. "And was either of these regulars of yours able to shed light on the mystery of the barn?"