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21. Jay Lund and others, Envisioning Futures for the Sacramentoa"San Joaquin Delta (San Francisco: Public Policy Inst.i.tute of California, 2007), 2; and Deltapark Neeltje Jans, aThe Delta Project: Preserving the Environment and Securing Zeeland Against Floodinga (report, 2009).[back]
22. Lund and others, Envisioning Futures for the Sacramentoa"San Joaquin Delta, 2.[back]
23. S. E. Ingebritsen and others, aDelta Subsidence in California: The Sinking Heart of the State,a U.S. Geological Survey, http://ca.water.usgs.gov/archive/reports/fs00500/fs00500.pdf.[back]
24. Peter B. Moyle and others, aChanging Ecosystems: A Brief Ecological History of the Delta,a February 2010, http://watershed.ucdavis.edu/pdf/Moyle-et-al-Delta_history-WP.pdf.[back]
25. Author interview with Jeffrey Mount, founding director, UC Davis Center for Watershed Sciences, November 19, 2010; and Jeffrey Mount, presentation, ah.e.l.l and High Water in the Delta: The Fate of Californiaas Water Supply Hub,a UC Davis Center for Watershed Science, Water Resources Center Archives (WRCA) California Colloquium on Water, February 14, 2006.[back]
26. David Lewis Feldman, Water Policy for Sustainable Development (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 155a"56.[back]
27. Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac (New York: Ballantine Books, 1970; originally published by Oxford University Press, 1949), 262.[back]
28. Luther J. Carter, aThe Leopolds: A Family of Naturalists,a Science 207, no. 4435 (March 7, 1980): 1051a"55.[back]
29. Ibid., 1051.[back]
30. Author interview with Curt Meine, director of the Center for Humans and Nature and author of Aldo Leopold: His Life and Work (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988), August 14, 2009.[back]
31. Ibid.[back]
32. Carter, aThe Leopolds,a 1053.[back]
33. Jeremy Pearce, aLuna Leopold, River Researcher, Is Dead at 90,a New York Times, March 20, 2006.[back]
34. Davis, An Everglades Providence, 457a"90.[back]
35. Author interview with Meine.[back]
36. Luna B. Leopold, A View of the River (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994).[back]
37. Carter, aThe Leopolds,a 1054.[back]
38. Two key speeches in which Leopold calls for a water ethic are Luna B. Leopold, aA Reverence for Rivers,a keynote address, the Governoras Conference on the California Drought, Los Angeles, California, 1977, and Luna B. Leopold, aEthos, Equity, and the Water Resource,a Abel Woman Distinguished Lecture, U.S. National Research Council of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 1990.[back]
39. Mark Arax and Rick Wartzman, The King of California: J. G. Boswell and the Making of a Secret American Empire (New York: Perseus Books, 2003), 350a"51.[back]
40. Norris Hundley Jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water: A History, rev. ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 322a"23.[back]
41. Ibid.[back]
42. Luna Leopold, aA Reverence for Rivers.a[back]
43. Ibid.[back]
44. Hundley, The Great Thirst, 373a"74.[back]
45. Davis, An Everglades Providence, 523.[back]
46. Elizabeth Royte, aA Tall, Cool Drink of . . . Sewage?,a New York Times Magazine, August 8, 2008.[back]
47. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, a2009 Annual Reuse Inventory,a http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/reuse/inventory.htm.[back]
48. Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water, rev. ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 1993), 510.[back]
49. Hundley, The Great Thirst, 373.[back]
50. Lund and others, Envisioning Futures for the Sacramentoa"San Joaquin Delta, vi.[back]
51. Jelks and others, aConservation Status of Imperiled North American Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes.a[back]
52. Haag, aPast and Future Patterns of Freshwater Mussel Extinctions in North America During the Holocene,a 127a"28.[back]
53. The $8.7 billion figure is from Hundley, The Great Thirst, 420.[back]
54. Lund and others, Envisioning Futures for the Sacramentoa"San Joaquin Delta, 87a"93.[back]
55. Grunwald, aAn Everglades Saga,a 6.[back]
56. Grunwald, The Swamp, 1a"3.[back]
57. Committee on Independent Scientific Review of Everglades Restoration Progress, National Research Council of the National Academies, Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Second Biennial Reviewa"2008 (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: National Academies Press, 2008), 1a"2.[back]
58. South Florida Water Management District, aGovernor Bush Breaks Ground on Ma.s.sive Reservoir to Restore Americaas Everglades,a press release, August 2, 2006.[back]
59. Jennifer Steinhauer, aCalifornia Tries to Solve Water Woes,a New York Times, October 13, 2009.[back]
60. Hundley, The Great Thirst, 330.[back]
61. Office of Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, a2009 Comprehensive Water Package Special Session Policy Bills and Bond Summary,a November 2009.[back]
62. Juliet Christian-Smith and others, aThe 2010 California Water Bond: What Does It Say and Do?,a Pacific Inst.i.tute, August 2010, http://www.pacinst.org/reports/water_bond/2010_water_bond_report.pdf.[back]
63. Southern California Water Committee, aCaliforniaas Water Crisis: Developing Solutions,a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation, March 26, 2010.[back]
64. Curtis Morgan, aCharlie Cristas Downsized U.S. Sugar Deal under Siege,a Miami Herald, March 7, 2010.[back]
Chapter 3 The Netherlands: Deluge, Dams, and the Dutch Miracle 1. BBC Weather, a1953 East Coast Floods,a http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/1953_flood.shtml.[back]
2. Greg McKevitt, aFerry Disaster Victims Remembered,a January 30, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/2705901.stm.[back]
3. Ibid.[back]
4. Ilan Kelman, a1953 Storm Surge Deaths: UK,a ver. 5, August 17, 2009, IlanKelman.org, http://www.ilankelman.org/disasterdeaths/1953DeathsUK.doc.[back]
5. Kelman, 7.[back]
6. Deltapark Neeltje Jans, aThe Delta Project: Preserving the Environment and Securing Zeeland against Floodinga (report, 2009), 2.[back]
7. Most of the details about the North Sea flood of 1953 and its impact on the Netherlands are from the authoras visit to the Watersnoodmuseum (the Flood Museum) in Zeeland, May 12, 2010, and from the museumas website, http://www.watersnoodmuseum.nl.[back]
8. Inst.i.tuut voor Sociaal Onderzoek van het Nederlandse Volk and U.S. National Research Council Committee on Disaster Studies, Studies in Holland Flood Disaster 1953, 1 (1955): 49. [back]
9. Deltawerken, aThe Flood of 1953: Climatic Circ.u.mstances,a http://www.deltawerken.com/Climatic-circ.u.mstances/483.html.[back]
10. Herman Gerritsen, aWhat Happened in 1953? The Big Flood in the Netherlands in Retrospect,a Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 363, no. 1831 (2005): 1271a"91.[back]
11. Author visit to Watersnoodmuseum.[back]
12. Author interview with Jan Luijendijk, head of hydroinformatics at UNESCO-IHE, May 12, 2010.[back]
13. Ibid.[back]
14. Author visit to Watersnoodmuseum.[back]
15. Ibid.[back]
16. Kenneth C. Davis, Donat Know Much About Mythology (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 123, 157. See also Steven Solomon, Water: The Epic Struggle for Wealth, Power, and Civilization (New York: HarperCollins, 2010), 39a"42.[back]
17. Davis, Donat Know Much About Mythology, 333.[back]
18. Ibid., 456.[back]
19. See William Ryan and Walter Pitman, Noahas Flood: The New Scientific Discoveries about the Event That Changed History (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999).[back]
20. Davis, Donat Know Much About Mythology, 159.[back]
21. Deltapark Neeltje Jans, The Delta Project: Preserving the Environment and Securing Zeeland Against Flooding (The Hague: Ministry of Transport and Public Works, 2009), 4.[back]
22. aSurvey Shows Americans Too Confident in Flood, Hurricane Preparedness,a Civil Engineering News, May 24, 2010, http://www.cenews.com/news-survey_shows_americans_too_confident_in_flood__hurricane_preparedness-946.html.[back]
23. Author visit to Watersnoodmuseum. [back]
24. Deltawerken, aThe Flood of 1953: Rescue and Consequences,a http://www.deltawerken.com/Rescue-and-consequences1309.html.[back]
25. Douglas Brinkley, The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast (New York: William Morrow, 2006), 79a"80. [back]
26. Ibid., 108.[back]
27. U.S. House of Representatives, aA Failure of Initiative: Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina,a 109th Congress, February 15, 2006, 3. The report uses the word paralyzed seven times, first in the executive summary on page 3, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/katrinareport/fullreport.pdf.[back]
28. Brinkley, The Great Deluge, 343. Adequate help and supplies did not arrive until the morning of Friday, September 2.[back]
29. Richard D. Knabb and others, aTropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrinaa (National Hurricane Center, updated August 10, 2006), 11, http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL122005_Katrina.pdf.[back]
30. Brinkley, The Great Deluge, 424.[back]
31. Ibid., 618.[back]
32. Gerritsen, aWhat Happened in 1953?,a 1284.[back]
33. Rijkswaterstaat, aThe Delta: Rich and Robust,a November 2007, 16. See also Deltawerken, aWater, Nature, People, Technology,a 3, http://www.deltaworks.org/downloads/summaries/PDF/english_pdf_deltaworks.org.pdf.[back]
34. Gert van Engelen, review of World Famous But Unknown, Delft Integraal, http://www.delftintegraal.tudelft.nl/info/index736a.html?hoofdstuk=Artikel&ArtID=5108.[back]
35. Hans Sijberden, Coast and Sea: Inspiration for Innovative Developments (Breda, Netherlands: Arttechnick, 2010), 36a"37; and Gerritsen, aWhat Happened in 1953?,a 1285.[back]
36. Deltapark Neeltje Jans, The Delta Project, 6.[back]
37. Ibid.[back]
38. Ibid., 7.[back]
39. Walter H. Waggoner, aNew Lands From Old,a New York Times, November 9, 1958.[back]
40. Deltawerken, aWater, Nature, People, Technology,a 8, http://www.deltaworks.org/downloads/summaries/PDF/english_pdf_deltaworks.org.pdf. The current Delta Commission estimates that the total cost of the Delta Works was about $5 billion Euros.[back]
41. The Port of Rotterdam has long been the top port in Europe by many measures, including gross annual weight and number of containers moved. aPort Statistics 2009,a Top 20 European Ports, 2009a"2006, 2, http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/Port/port-statistics/Doc.u.ments/Port_Statistics_2009_tcm26-64785.pdf.[back]
42. John McQuaid, aGive & Take: The Dutch Found Out the Hard Way: Flood Control Can Cause as Many Problems as It Solves,a Times-Picayune (New Orleans), November 15, 2005.[back]
43. Rijkswaterstaat, aThe Delta,a 16.[back]
44. Frank P. Hallie and Richard E. Jorissen, aProtection Against Flooding: A New Delta Plan in the Netherlands,a Destructive Water: Water-Caused Natural Disasters, Their Abatement and Control, International a.s.sociation of Hydrological Sciences, publication nos. 239 (1997): 362a"63.[back]
45. Sijberden, Coast and Sea, 18.[back]
46. Rijkswaterstaat, aThe Delta,a 16.[back]
47. Deltawerken, aNature,a http://www.deltawerken.com/Nature/421.html.[back]
48. Huib de Vriend, aThe Eastern Scheldt Barrier: Environmentally Friendly Engineering?,a Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Civil Engineering, Planning and the Environment (September 2004): 1271.[back]
49. Rijkswaterstaat, Design Plan Oosterschelde Storm-Surge Barrier: Overall Design and Design Philosophy (Rotterdam: Balkema, 1994), 5.[back]
50. Deltawerken, aOosterschelde Storm Surge Barrier/Construction,a http://www.deltawerken.com.[back]
51. Author interview with a longtime water engineer in Zeeland.[back]
52. Huib de Vriend, aThe Eastern Scheldt Barrier,a 1280.[back]
53. Sander Wijnhoven and others, aThe Decline and Restoration of a Coastal Lagoon (Lake Veere) in the Dutch Delta,a Estuaries and Coasts (November 2009): 16.[back]
54. Catherine Osborne, Presocratic Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 87.[back]
