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27. R. J. Fensham and R. J. Fairfax, aDrought-Related Tree Death of Savannah Eucalypts,a Journal of Vegetation Science, January 1, 2007.[back]
28. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Brisbane Evening News, March 7, 2010.[back]
29. Water Services a.s.sociation of Australia, aWSSA Report Card 2007a"2008: Performance of the Australian Water Services Industry and Projections for the Future,a 4, https://www.wsaa.asn.au/Publications/Doc.u.ments/WSAA%20Report%20Card%202007a"08.pdf.[back]
30. John Vidal, aAustralia Suffers Worst Drought in 1,000 Years,a Guardian, November 8, 2006.[back]
31. Ibid.[back]
32. Water Services a.s.sociation of Australia, aWSSA Report Card 2008a"2009: Performance of the Australian Water Services Industry and Projections for the Future,a 5, https://www.wsaa.asn.au/Publications/Doc.u.ments/WSAA%20Report%20Card%202008a"09.pdf.[back]
33. Ibid., 4a"5.[back]
34. Terry Murphy and Phil Kneebone, Water Story: The Battle to Keep Perth Green, Leederville, Western Australia: Water Corporation, 2007, 30. The quote aWinter did not comea is from planning engineer Keith Barrett.[back]
35. Murphy and Kneebone, Water Story.[back]
36. Author interview with Jim Gill, former CEO of the Water Corporation of Western Australia, March 15, 2010.[back]
37. The population-growth figures are from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, http://www.dsd.wa.gov.au/7159.aspx. [back]
38. Murphy and Kneebone, Water Story, 6.[back]
39. Richard Weller, Boomtown 2050: Scenarios for a Rapidly Growing City (Perth: University of Western Australia Publis.h.i.+ng, 2009), xxvii.[back]
40. Greens Western Australia, aUrban Bushlanda (background paper), http://wa.greens.org.au/Policy/UrbanBushland/.[back]
41. Government of Western Australia, Environmental Protection Authority, aEnvironmental Protection of Wetlands Position Paper No. 4a (November 2004) 2, http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/docs/1034_PS4.pdf.[back]
42. Government of Western Australia, aReasons to Invest in Western Australia,a http://www.dsd.wa.gov.au/7159.aspx.[back]
43. Murphy and Kneebone, Water Story, 4.[back]
44. Greg Stewart, aAustralia Case Study: Residential Irrigation in Perth,a (presentation, WaterSmart Innovations 2009, Las Vegas, Nevada, October 7, 2009). Stewartas presentation is what first got me interested in looking into Perthas water ethic.[back]
45. Murphy and Kneebone, Water Story, 2.[back]
46. Author interview with Chari Pattiaratchi, professor of coastal oceanography at the University of Western Australia, March 15, 2010.[back]
47. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation and Australian Bureau of Meteorology, aClimate Change in Australia: Technical Report 2007a (2007), 21, http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/doc.u.ments/resources/TR_Web_Ch2.pdf.[back]
48. Ibid.[back]
49. Author e-mail correspondence with Richard Weller, April 18, 2010.[back]
50. Greg Stewart, aAustralia Case Study.a[back]
51. Kim MacDonald, Eloise Dortch, and Monica Videnieks, aWater Chaos as Leaders Split on Sprinkler Ban,a West Australian, February 2, 2005.[back]
52. Amanda Banks and Graham Mason, aScientists Attack Plan to Tap SW Aquifer,a West Australian, March 26, 2007.[back]
53. Murphy and Kneebone, Water Story, 58.[back]
54. aIWSS Water Efficiency Program Business Casea (consultantas report, October 2009), 1.[back]
55. Author interview with Sue Murphy, CEO of the Water Corporation of Western Australia, March 15, 2010.[back]
56. Water Corporation, aCorporate Snapshot 2009a"10a (report, October 2009), 5.[back]
57. Water Corporation of Western Australia. Perthas 2001 per capita use was 185 kiloliters a year, according to the utility. Thatas 506 liters per person per day, or about 135 U.S. liquid gallons per person each day. In 2009, it had dropped to 147 kiloliters per year. Thatas 397 liters, or about 100 U.S. liquid gallons, per day.[back]
58. Water Corporation, aWater Forever: Towards Climate Resiliencea (report, October 2009), 40. http://www.watercorporation.com.au/_files/.../Water_Forever_50_Year_Plan.pdf.[back]
59. Joanne Chong and others, aReview of Water Restrictions,a Inst.i.tute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 2009. http://utsescholars.h.i.+p.lib.uts.edu.au/iresearch/scholarly-works/handle/2100/906.[back]
60. Author interview with Murphy.[back]
61. As just one example, see aWater Restrictions Eased, Two Extra Hours,a Adelaide Now, April 12, 2010, http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/water-restrictions-eased-two-extra-hours/story-e6frea6u-1225852350467.[back]
62. Author e-mail correspondence with Richard Weller, April 18, 2010.[back]
63. Author interview with Murphy.[back]
64. Ibid.[back]
65. Ibid.[back]
66. National Science Foundation, aEmployed Scientists and Engineers, by Occupation, Highest Degree Level, and s.e.x: 2006,a http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/pdf/tabh-5.pdf. The NSF reported that of 1,621,000 engineers working nationwide in 2006, 187,000 were women.[back]
67. National Science Foundation, aWomen, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineeringa (table B-9, aUndergraduate enrollment in engineering programs by s.e.x, race/ethnicity, and citizens.h.i.+p: 1995a"2008a), http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/pdf/tabb-9.pdf. In 1995, women made up 67,286 out of 363,315 engineering undergraduates. In 2005, the proportion was 70,579 out of 409,326.[back]
68. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, aEmployed Persons by Detailed Industry, s.e.x, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity,a 2009, http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat18.pdf. The BLS reported 231,000 employees working specifically in the water utility sector, 23,000 of them women.[back]
69. Jack E. Davis, ed., The Wide Brim: Early Poems and Ponders of Marjory Stoneman Douglas (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002), 95a"96.[back]
70. Jack E. Davis, An Everglades Providence: Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the American Environmental Century (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 518.[back]
71. Davis, The Wide Brim, 115.[back]
72. UDaily, aElectric Power Executive Talks About Turmoil, Transition in U.S. Energy Sector,a April 15, 2010, http://www.udel.edu/udaily/2010/apr/electricpower041510.html.[back]
73. Kathy Robb, aOn the Heads of Women,a in Written in Water: Messages of Hope for Earthas Most Precious Resource, ed. Irena Salina (Was.h.i.+ngton, DC: National Geographic Society, 2010), 255a"56.[back]
74. United Nations, aWater for Life, 2005a"1015a (fact sheet), http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/factsheet.html.[back]
75. The workforce age estimates are from the Conference Board, aAmericaas Aging Workforce Posing New Opportunities and Challenges for Companies,a 2005, http://www.conference-board.org/utilities/pressDetail.cfm?press_ID=2709. The phrase aannounce and defenda comes from an anonymous Water Corporation engineer. See Terry Murphy and Phil Kneebone, aWater Story: The Battle to Keep Perth Greena (Water Corporation of Western Australia, June 2007), 7.[back]
76. Author interview with Murphy.[back]
77. Mundaring and Hills Historical Society, http://www.mhhs.org.au/MHHS-Mundaring-Weir-Settlement.htm.[back]
78. Frank Batini, lead scientist on the trial, provided these species, numbers, and results in an e-mail correspondence with the author, April 25, 2010.[back]
79. Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1979), 258a"60.[back]
80. Ibid., 260.[back]
Chapter 11 An American Water Ethic.
1. Steve Campbell, aTexas Has Half the Big Cities with the Greatest Population Growth,a Fort Worth Star-Telegram, June 22, 2010.[back]
2. U.S. Census, aAnnual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places over 100,000a (2009 update), http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-01.xls.[back]
3. Author interview with Alexander Briseo, chairman of the board of trustees of the San Antonio Water System, June 21, 2010.[back]
4. Sierra Club v. Babbitt, MO-91-CA-069, 1993.[back]
5. Author interview with Briseo.[back]
6. Author interview with Rex Poppy, chief building engineer for Concord Property Corporation, June 24, 2010.[back]
7. Lewis W. Newton, aOlmsted, Frederick Law,a http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/OO/fol5.html.[back]
8. Frederick Law Olmsted, A Journey Through Texas, or, A Saddle-Trip on the Southwestern Frontier (Boston: Mason Brothers, 1860), 150. (An initial version, now out of print, was published in 1857.)[back]
9. Ibid., 156a"57.[back]
10. Dana Nichols, aThe Acequias of San Antonio and the Beginnings of a Modern Water System,a in Environmental and Water Resources: Milestones in Engineering History, ed. Jerry R. Rogers (Baltimore: ASCE Publications, 2007), 79a"80.[back]
11. Ibid., 81.[back]
12. Gregg Eckhardt, aIntroduction to the Edwards Aquifer,a http://www.edwardsaquifer.net/intro.html.[back]
13. Gregg Eckhardt, aSan Antonio Springs and Brackenridge Park,a http://www.edwardsaquifer.net/saspring.html.[back]
14. Maria Pfeiffer, aBrackenridge Park: An In-Depth Historical Review,a http://www.sanantonio.gov/sapar/brackhistory.asp?res=1280&ver=true/. [back]
15. Todd H. Votteler, aRaiders of the Lost Aquifer? Or, the Beginning of the End to Fifty Years of Conflict over the Texas Edwards Aquifer,a Tulane Environmental Law Journal 15 (August 2004), 269.[back]
16. Todd H. Votteler, aWater from a Stone: The Limits of the Sustainable Development of the Texas Edwards Aquifer,a PhD diss., Southwest Texas University, February 23, 2000, 80. The Ohio case was Frazier v. Brown, 12 Ohio St. 294, 311 (1861).[back]
17. Barnett, Mirage, 96 (see chapter 8, note 48).[back]
18. Votteler, aRaiders of the Lost Aquifer?,a 261.[back]
19. Ibid., 268.[back]
20. Votteler, Water from a Stone, 31.[back]
21. Votteler, aRaiders of the Lost Aquifer?,a 261.[back]
22. Todd H. Votteler, aThe Little Fish That Roared: The Endangered Species Act, State Groundwater Law, and Private Property Rights Collide Over the Texas Edwards Aquifera (paper, Northwestern University School of Law, Chicago, 1998), 855.[back]
23. Sierra Club v. Babbitt.[back]
24. Author interview with Todd Votteler, an executive with the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority, July 14, 2010.[back]
25. Ibid.[back]
26. Ibid.[back]
27. San Antonio Water System, aDrought-Tolerant Gra.s.sa (2005), http://www.saws.org/conservation/Ordinance/TurfGra.s.s/index.shtml.[back]
28. Author interview with Karen Guz, director of conservation, and Phil Weynand, manager of indoor programs, at the San Antonio Water System, June 22, 2010.[back]
29. Author interview with Shannon Staub, a Sarasota County, Florida, commissioner, July 26, 2010.[back]
30. Ibid.[back]
31. See American Water, http://www.amwater.com/.[back]
32. Doug Evanson, a2010 Rate Structure Update,a PowerPoint presentation, San Antonio City Council, March 17, 2010.[back]
33. Author interview with Guz.[back]
34. Ibid.[back]
35. Author interview with Weynand.[back]
36. Author interview with Poppy.[back]
37. Author interview with Weynand.[back]
38. Author interview with Guz.[back]
39. Author interview with Briseo.[back]
40. Author interview with Billy Kniffen, water-resource specialist for Texas A&M Universityas Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, June 23, 2010.[back]
41. Larry W. Mays, ed., Ancient Water Technologies (New York: Springer, 2010), 15.[back]
42. Gerard T. Koeppel, Water for Gotham: A History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001), 13.[back]
