Going Dutch_ How England Plundered Holland's Glory Part 20

25 Stevenson, Stevenson, Letters of Sir Robert Moray Letters of Sir Robert Moray, p.217.

26 On Culross, the Bruce family home, see On Culross, the Bruce family home, see Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland: Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland: Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1933), pp.6987. See also (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1933), pp.6987. See also Dutch-style water landscape of Culross (across the Forth of Firth) Dutch-style water landscape of Culross (across the Forth of Firth) by John Slezer (1693). by John Slezer (1693).

27 Culross, 15 September 1668. Worp, letter 6677. Culross, 15 September 1668. Worp, letter 6677.

28 Moray was delayed in Paris, negotiating the terms of Charles II's return with the French, until summer 1660. Moray was delayed in Paris, negotiating the terms of Charles II's return with the French, until summer 1660.

29 See references in G.E. Scala, 'An index of proper names in Thomas Birch, "The History of the Royal Society" (London, 17561757)', See references in G.E. Scala, 'An index of proper names in Thomas Birch, "The History of the Royal Society" (London, 17561757)', Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 28 (1974), 263329. See also M. Hunter, 28 (1974), 263329. See also M. Hunter, Establis.h.i.+ng the New Science: The Experience of the Early Royal Society Establis.h.i.+ng the New Science: The Experience of the Early Royal Society (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1989), p.81. (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1989), p.81.

30 See D.S. Landes, 'Hand and mind in time measurement: The contribution of art and science', See D.S. Landes, 'Hand and mind in time measurement: The contribution of art and science', Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 43 (1989), 5769; 61. 43 (1989), 5769; 61.

31 See L.D. Patterson, 'Pendulums of Wren and Hooke', See L.D. Patterson, 'Pendulums of Wren and Hooke', Osiris Osiris 10 (1952), 277321. 10 (1952), 277321.

32 Huygens was given a commission in Paris 14 March 1661 to convey to Mme Bruce (Veronica van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck) Huygens was given a commission in Paris 14 March 1661 to convey to Mme Bruce (Veronica van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck) Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 22, p.561. 22, p.561.

33 Ibid., pp.56970. Ibid., pp.56970.

34 Ibid., p.576. Ibid., p.576.

35 Ibid., p.606. Ibid., p.606.

36 Diary of John Evelyn Diary of John Evelyn 3, pp.2856. 3, pp.2856.

37 24 July 1661. See D. Stevenson, 24 July 1661. See D. Stevenson, Letters of Sir Robert Moray to the Earl of Kincardine, 165773 Letters of Sir Robert Moray to the Earl of Kincardine, 165773 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007). (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007).

38 Huygens to Moray, 14/24 June 1661. Huygens to Moray, 14/24 June 1661. Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 3, p.284. 3, p.284.

39 Huygens to Moray, 22 July/1 August 1661. Ibid., p.307. Huygens to Moray, 22 July/1 August 1661. Ibid., p.307.

40 Huygens to Lodewijk Huygens, 31 October/9 November 1662. Huygens to Lodewijk Huygens, 31 October/9 November 1662. Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 4, p.256. 4, p.256.

41 This version of events is confirmed in Hooke's 167475 Cutlerian lecture. This version of events is confirmed in Hooke's 167475 Cutlerian lecture.

42 A description of this clock is to be found in Huygens's A description of this clock is to be found in Huygens's Horologium Oscillatorium Horologium Oscillatorium (1673). See M. Mahoney, 'Christian Huygens: The measurement of time and of longitude at sea', in (1673). See M. Mahoney, 'Christian Huygens: The measurement of time and of longitude at sea', in Studies on Christiaan Huygens Studies on Christiaan Huygens, ed. H.J.M. Bos et al. (Lisse: Swets, 1980), pp.23470. In an unpublished Cutlerian lecture of 167475, rewritten (I believe) around 1678, Hooke describes the various clocks used in these trials.

43 Huygens, Huygens, Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 22, p.606. 22, p.606.

44 See Leopold, 'Christiaan Huygens, the Royal Society and Horology', p.39. See Leopold, 'Christiaan Huygens, the Royal Society and Horology', p.39.

45 Huygens, Huygens, Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 4, p.278. See also Christiaan to Lodewijk, 18/28 December 1662, ibid., pp.2845. 4, p.278. See also Christiaan to Lodewijk, 18/28 December 1662, ibid., pp.2845.

46 Bruce to Huygens, 2/12 January 1663. Ibid., pp.2901. Bruce to Huygens, 2/12 January 1663. Ibid., pp.2901.

47 Leopold, 'Clockmaking in Britain and the Netherlands', Leopold, 'Clockmaking in Britain and the Netherlands', Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 43 (1989), 159. 43 (1989), 159.

48 See Huygens to Moray, 1 December 1662 (n.s.), See Huygens to Moray, 1 December 1662 (n.s.), Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 4, pp.2745, and Huygens to Moray, 10/20 December 1662, ibid., pp.2801. 4, pp.2745, and Huygens to Moray, 10/20 December 1662, ibid., pp.2801.

49 Moray to Huygens, 9/19 January 1663. Ibid., p.296. Moray to Huygens, 9/19 January 1663. Ibid., p.296.

50 Huygens to Moray, 2 February 1663 (n.s.). Ibid., p.304. Huygens to Moray, 2 February 1663 (n.s.). Ibid., p.304.

51 Bruce to Huygens, 16/26 January 1663. Ibid., pp.3012. Bruce to Huygens, 16/26 January 1663. Ibid., pp.3012.

52 Huygens to Bruce, 9/19 January 1663. Huygens to Bruce, 9/19 January 1663. Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 22, p.593 (this is a letter from the Kincardine papers, so is out of order in the 22, p.593 (this is a letter from the Kincardine papers, so is out of order in the Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes).

53 See J.H. Leopold, 'Clockmaking in Britain and the Netherlands', See J.H. Leopold, 'Clockmaking in Britain and the Netherlands', Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 43 (1989), 15565; 159. 43 (1989), 15565; 159.

54 Moray to Huygens, 19 February/1 March 1663. Moray to Huygens, 19 February/1 March 1663. Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 4, p.318. 4, p.318.

55 Ibid. Ibid.

56 This suspicion is confirmed by the fact that Hooke's evaluation of the Huygens longitude clocks, as recorded in the minutes of the Royal Society in 1665, repeats these criticisms in very similar words. This suspicion is confirmed by the fact that Hooke's evaluation of the Huygens longitude clocks, as recorded in the minutes of the Royal Society in 1665, repeats these criticisms in very similar words.

57 In In A Description of Helioscopes and some other Instruments A Description of Helioscopes and some other Instruments (London: T.R. for J. Martyn, 1676) (conveniently to be found cited at length in Huygens, (London: T.R. for J. Martyn, 1676) (conveniently to be found cited at length in Huygens, Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 7, pp.51726), Hooke gives the date of this trial as 1662. In BL Sloane MS 1039, fol. 129v, in his Cutlerian lecture on the subject he recalls the date as March 1664. I am confident that the actual date is March 1663. 7, pp.51726), Hooke gives the date of this trial as 1662. In BL Sloane MS 1039, fol. 129v, in his Cutlerian lecture on the subject he recalls the date as March 1664. I am confident that the actual date is March 1663.

58 Conveniently to be found cited at length in Conveniently to be found cited at length in Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 7, p.519. 7, p.519.

59 On 22 December 1665 Pepys recorded in his diary: 'I to my Lord Brouncker's and there spent the evening by my desire in seeing his lords.h.i.+p open to pieces and make up again his watch, thereby being taught what I never knew before.' Cit. Leopold, 'Christiaan Huygens, the Royal Society and Horology', p.39. On 22 December 1665 Pepys recorded in his diary: 'I to my Lord Brouncker's and there spent the evening by my desire in seeing his lords.h.i.+p open to pieces and make up again his watch, thereby being taught what I never knew before.' Cit. Leopold, 'Christiaan Huygens, the Royal Society and Horology', p.39.

60 In 1663 Christiaan Huygens was again in London with his father, and frequented the Royal Society, which made him a foreign Fellow. In 1663 Christiaan Huygens was again in London with his father, and frequented the Royal Society, which made him a foreign Fellow.

61 See e.g. Pepys diary, cit. note 59 above, and Moray's exchanges with Huygens about the new-design clock he is trying to get William Davidson to collect from The Hague for him in early 1665. See e.g. Pepys diary, cit. note 59 above, and Moray's exchanges with Huygens about the new-design clock he is trying to get William Davidson to collect from The Hague for him in early 1665.

62 See L.D. Patterson, 'Pendulums of Wren and Hooke', See L.D. Patterson, 'Pendulums of Wren and Hooke', Osiris Osiris 10 (1952), 277321; 283. 10 (1952), 277321; 283.

63 Having examined the Trinity College Cambridge Hooke papers myself, I am now confident that sheets AL of the longitude papers are from the early 1660s, but that everything thereafter is from the 1670s, possibly as late as 167879. I am grateful to the Wren Library, Trinity College Cambridge, for giving me access to these papers. Having examined the Trinity College Cambridge Hooke papers myself, I am now confident that sheets AL of the longitude papers are from the early 1660s, but that everything thereafter is from the 1670s, possibly as late as 167879. I am grateful to the Wren Library, Trinity College Cambridge, for giving me access to these papers.

64 Richard Waller, Richard Waller, Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke (1705), p.v. On the Moray negotiations with Bruce and Huygens see the Kincardine papers (RS transcript), pp.4067. (1705), p.v. On the Moray negotiations with Bruce and Huygens see the Kincardine papers (RS transcript), pp.4067.

65 I base this account on the important article by Michael Wright, 'Robert Hooke's longitude timekeeper', in M. Hunter and S. Schaffer (eds), I base this account on the important article by Michael Wright, 'Robert Hooke's longitude timekeeper', in M. Hunter and S. Schaffer (eds), Robert Hooke: New Studies Robert Hooke: New Studies (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1989), pp.63118. Wright's compilation of key recorded moments in Hooke's spring-regulated timekeeper development is at pp.768. (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1989), pp.63118. Wright's compilation of key recorded moments in Hooke's spring-regulated timekeeper development is at pp.768.

66 Huygens, Huygens, Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 5, pp.5034 (letter 1481). This is one of the two letters Hooke considered to const.i.tute a betrayal of his confidence to Huygens on Moray's part. The other is that of 22 July 1665. Huygens, 5, pp.5034 (letter 1481). This is one of the two letters Hooke considered to const.i.tute a betrayal of his confidence to Huygens on Moray's part. The other is that of 22 July 1665. Huygens, Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 5, pp.4268 (letter 1436). 5, pp.4268 (letter 1436).

67 'Mr. Hooke having made a proposition of giving the discovery of the longitude, as he conceived it, to the society, it was ordered, that he should choose such persons to commit this business to, as he thought good, and make the experiment; that by such persons chosen, the council might be satisfied of the truth and practicableness of his invention, and proceed accordingly to take out a patent for him.' 'Mr. Hooke having made a proposition of giving the discovery of the longitude, as he conceived it, to the society, it was ordered, that he should choose such persons to commit this business to, as he thought good, and make the experiment; that by such persons chosen, the council might be satisfied of the truth and practicableness of his invention, and proceed accordingly to take out a patent for him.'

68 Richard Waller, Richard Waller, Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke (1705), p.v. (1705), p.v.

69 Ibid. Ibid.

70 I am extremely grateful to Felix Pryor for a.s.sisting me in tracking down this doc.u.ment, and giving me sight of a legible photocopy. I am extremely grateful to Felix Pryor for a.s.sisting me in tracking down this doc.u.ment, and giving me sight of a legible photocopy.

71 See Waller, See Waller, Posthumous Works Posthumous Works, p.vi.

72 Holmes was already carrying out tests of deep-sea sounding devices for the Royal Society. Holmes was already carrying out tests of deep-sea sounding devices for the Royal Society.

73 Holmes's account of this incident is recorded in the Journal Books of the Royal Society for 11 January 1665. See Birch 2, pp.45. Holmes's account of this incident is recorded in the Journal Books of the Royal Society for 11 January 1665. See Birch 2, pp.45.

74 Huygens, Huygens, Oeuvres Completes Oeuvres Completes 5, p.204 (letter 1315). See also ibid., pp.2223 (letter 1324). 5, p.204 (letter 1315). See also ibid., pp.2223 (letter 1324).