The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto - LightNovelsOnl.com
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247. Adverbs and the accusative case.--Adverbs exercise no influence on case (see par. 243), but used adverbially, participles of active verbs are followed by the accusative if used without a preposition (see par. 66 (_b_)).
After such adverbs as konforme, rilate, escepte, spite, etc., it is optional either to use the accusative or to add a suitable preposition with the complement in the nominative, as konforme al, kun, or je; rilate al; escepte de (or, kun la escepto de = _with the exception of_); spite de (see par. 258 (_a_)).
248. Comparatives and superlatives.--These are marked in the same way as adjectives (see pars. 112-114).
Examples.--_Pli rapide, ol bone_ = More quickly than well. _Malpli forte, ol kutime_ = Weaker (less strong) than customary. _Tiel dolce, kiel eble_ (or, _kiel eble plej dolce_) = As sweetly as possible. _Si kantas la plej bone el ciuj_ = She sings best of all.
_Li agis tre sage_ = He acted very wisely.
248 (_a_). Adverbs and adjectives.--Be careful not to use the adjective for the adverb.
Examples.--_Li kuras rapide_ = He runs rapidly. _Parolu pli laute_ (not _lauta_) = Speak louder (more loudly). _Si vidis lin piediranta pli malrapide, ol kutime_ = She saw him walking (that he was (is) walking) more slowly than usual.
N.B.--Note that _piediranta_ is predicative (see par. 209 (_b_)).
LIST OF ADVERBS.
248 (_b_). The following list of adverbs contains all those found amongst the primary words and some formed from them, also a number of useful grammatical adverbs.
Adiau = _Adieu_, _farewell_, _good-bye_.
Example.--_Li diris al si adiau, kaj foriris_ = He said good-bye to her, and departed.
Afrankite = _Post-paid_.
Ajn = _Ever_. Ajn is generally used after the correlative words beginning with _K_, as kia, kiam, etc. (see table of correlative words, par. 147). It then answers to words ending in "ever," but, unlike English, it is never joined to the preceding word (par. 145).
Examples.--_Kia ajn_ = Whatever kind of. _Kiam ajn_ = Whenever, whensoever. _Kie ajn_ = Wherever, wheresoever. _Kiel ajn_ = However.
_Kies ajn_ = Whosesoever. _Kio ajn_ = Whatever, whatsoever. _Kiom ajn_ = However much. _Kiu ajn_ = Whoever, whosoever, whichever, whichsoever.
Aliloke = _Elsewhere_.
Alivorte = _In other words_.
Almenau = _At least_.
Example.--_Donu al mi almenau la duonon de tiu biskvito_ = Give me at least the half of that biscuit.
Alvenante, Alveninte = _On arrival_.
Ambau = _Both_, _one and the other_ (p.r.o.noun).
Examples.--_Ili ambau kuris al la stacidomo_ = They both ran to the station.
Ankau = _Also_, _too_.
Examples.--_Li ankau gin faris_ = He, too, did it. _Nek mi ankau_ = Nor I either (also).
Ankorau = _Yet_, _still_. (See remarks on Jam).
Examples.--_Cu li estas ankorau tie ci?_ = Is he still here? _Mi ankorau ne vidis lin_ = I have not seen him yet.
Antaue = _Formerly_, _previously_, _beforehand_, _in front_.
Aparte = _Aside_, _apart_, _separately_, _specially_.
Apenau = _Hardly_, _scarcely_.
Example.--_Mi apenau pensas tion_ = I hardly think that (_or_, so).
Baldau = _Soon_.
Example.--_Mi esperas, ke li venos baldau_ = I hope he will (may) come soon.
Bis = _Once more_, _again_, _encore_.
Example.--_Bis!_ = Encore!
Bonstate = _In good condition_.
Certe = _Certainly_.
Ci = _The nearest_ (tio = _that_, tio ci or ci tio = _this_), (tiu = _that_, _the former_, tiu ci or ci tiu = _this_, _the latter_), (tie = _there_, tie ci or ci tie = _here_), (tien = _thither_, tien ci = _hither_), (cio = _all_, cio ci = _all this_) (par. 143).
Examples.--_Restu ci tie_ = Remain here. _Venu ci tien_ = Come hither.
Cial = _For all reasons_, _for every reason_ (par. 150).
Example.--_Cial tio estas la plej bona_ = For every reason that is the best.
Ciam = _Always_, _ever_ (par. 151).
Example.--_Li venas ciam, kiam oni ne bezonas lin_ = He always comes when one does not want him.
Ciame = _Perpetually_, _continually_.
Example.--_La infano ploras ciame_ (or, _sencese_) = The child cries perpetually.
Cie = _Everywhere_ (par. 152).
Examples.--_Cie mi lin vidas_ = Everywhere I see him. _Li iras cien_ = He goes everywhere.
Ciel = _In every (manner) way, all ways_ (par. 153).
Example.--_Tiu estas ciel la plej bona sidejo_ = That is in every way the best seat.
Ciom = _All of it, the whole, all, every quant.i.ty_ (par. 156).
Example.--_Prenu iom, ne ciom_ = Take some, not the whole.
