The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 47

[+][+][+] _Flowers indigo-blue._

6. B. australis, R. Br. (BLUE FALSE-INDIGO.) Smooth, tall and stout (4--5); leaflets oblong-wedge-form, obtuse; stipules lanceolate, as long as the petioles, rather persistent; raceme elongated (1--2) and many-flowered, erect; bracts deciduous; stalk of the oval-oblong pods about the length of the calyx.--Alluvial soil, Penn. to Ga., west to S. Ind., Mo., and Ark.

2. THERMoPSIS, R. Br.

Pod sessile or shortly stipitate in the calyx, flat, linear, straight or curved. Otherwise nearly as Baptisia.--Perennial herbs, with palmately 3-foliolate leaves and foliaceous stipules, not blackening in drying, and yellow flowers in terminal racemes. (Name from ?????, _the lupine_, and ???? _resemblance_.)

1. T. mollis, M. A. Curtis. Finely appressed-p.u.b.escent, 2--3 high; leaflets rhombic-lanceolate, 1--3' long; stipules narrow, mostly shorter than the petiole; raceme elongated; pods narrow, short stipitate, somewhat curved, 2--4' long.--Mountains of S. Va. and N. C.

2. T. rhombiflia, Nutt. Low, with smaller leaves and broad conspicuous stipules; racemes short, few-flowered; pods broadly linear, spreading, usually strongly curved.--Sask. to E. Col., near or in the mountains, reported from central Kan.

3. CLADRaSTIS, Raf. YELLOW-WOOD.

Calyx 5-toothed. Standard large, roundish, reflexed; the distinct keel-petals and wings straight, oblong. Stamens 10, distinct; filaments slender, incurved above. Pod short-stalked above the calyx, linear, flat, thin, marginless, 4--6-seeded, at length 2-valved.--A handsome tree, with yellow wood, smooth bark, nearly smooth pinnate leaves of 7--11 oval or ovate leaflets, and ample panicled racemes (10--20' long) of showy white flowers drooping from the ends of the branches. Stipules obsolete. Base of the petioles hollow, enclosing the leaf buds of the next year. Bracts minute and fugacious. (Name from ???d??, _a branch_, and ??a?st??, _brittle_.)

1. C. tinctria, Raf. Sometimes 50 high; pods 3--4' long.--Rich hillsides, central Ky. and Tenn. to N. C. Also in cultivation. The wood yields a yellow dye.

4. SOPHRA, L.

Calyx bell-shaped, shortly 5-toothed. Standard rounded; keel nearly straight. Stamens distinct or nearly so. Pod coriaceous, stipitate, terete, more or less constricted between the seeds, indehiscent. Seeds subglobose.--Shrubby or ours an herbaceous perennial, the leaves pinnate with numerous leaflets, and flowers white or yellow in terminal racemes.

(Said by Linnaeus to be the ancient name of an allied plant.)

1. S. sericea, Nutt. Silky canescent, erect, 1 high or less; leaflets oblong-obovate, 3--6" long; flowers white; pods few-seeded.--Central Kan. to Col., Tex., and Ariz.

5. CROTALaRIA, L. RATTLE-BOX.

Calyx 5-cleft, scarcely 2-lipped. Standard large, heart-shaped; keel scythe-shaped. Sheath of the monadelphous stamens cleft on the upper side; 5 of the anthers smaller and roundish. Pod inflated, oblong, many-seeded.--Herbs with simple leaves. Flowers yellow. (Name from ???ta???, _a rattle_; the loose seeds rattling in the coriaceous inflated pods.)

1. C. sagittalis, L. Annual, hairy (3--6' high); leaves oval or oblong-lanceolate, scarcely petioled, stipules united and decurrent on the stem, so as to be inversely arrow-shaped; peduncles few-flowered; corolla not longer than the calyx; pod blackish.--Sandy soil; Maine to Ill., Minn., Kan., and southward.

6. GENiSTA, L. WOAD-WAXEN. WHIN.

Calyx 2-lipped. Standard oblong-oval, spreading; keel oblong, straight, deflexed. Stamens monadelphous, the sheath entire; 5 alternate anthers shorter. Pod mostly flat and several-seeded.--Shrubby plants, with simple leaves, and yellow flowers. (Name from the Celtic _gen_, a bush.)

G. TINCTRIA, L. (DYER'S GREEN-WEED.) Low, not th.o.r.n.y, with striate-angled erect branches; leaves lanceolate; flowers in spiked racemes.--Established on sterile hills, eastern N. Y. and Ma.s.s. (Adv.

from Eu.)

7. CTISUS, Tourn. BROOM.

Calyx campanulate, with 2 short broad lips. Petals broad, the keel obtuse and slightly incurved. Stamens monadelphous. Pod flat, much longer than the calyx. Seeds several, with a strophiole at the hilum.--Shrubs, with stiff green branches, leaves mostly digitately 3-foliolate, and large bright yellow flowers. (The ancient Roman name of a plant, probably a Medicago.)

C. SCOPaRIUS, Link. (SCOTCH BROOM.) Glabrous or nearly so (3--5 high); leaflets small, obovate, often reduced to a single one; flowers solitary or in pairs, on slender pedicels, in the axils of the old leaves, forming leafy racemes along the upper branches; style very long and spirally incurved.--Va. and southward. (Nat. from Eu.)

8. LUPNUS, Tourn. LUPINE.

Calyx very deeply 2-lipped. Sides of the standard reflexed; keel scythe-shaped, pointed. Sheath of the monadelphous stamens entire; anthers alternately oblong and roundish. Pod oblong, flattened, often knotty by constrictions between the seeds. Cotyledons thick and fleshy.--Herbs, with palmately 1--15-foliolate leaves, stipules adnate to base of the petiole, and showy flowers in terminal racemes or spikes.

(Name from _Lupus_, a wolf, because these plants were thought to devour the fertility of the soil.)

1. L. perennis, L. (WILD LUPINE.) Perennial, somewhat hairy; stem erect (1--2); leaflets 7--11, oblanceolate; flowers in a long raceme, showy, purplish-blue (rarely pale); pods broad, very hairy, 5--6-seeded.--Sandy soil, N. Eng. to Minn., Mo., and south to the Gulf.--Var. OCCIDENTaLIS, Watson, has stems and petioles more villous.--Mich. and Wisc.

2. L. pusillus, Pursh. Annual, low, villous; leaflets usually 5; racemes short, sessile; flowers purple or rose-color; pods oval, hirsute, 2-seeded.--Central Dak. and Kan., and westward.

9. TRIFLIUM, Tourn. CLOVER. TREFOIL.

Calyx persistent, 5-cleft, the teeth bristle-form. Corolla mostly withering or persistent; the claws of all the petals, or of all except the oblong or ovate standard, more or less united below with the stamen-tube; keel short and obtuse. Tenth stamen more or less separate.

Pods small and membranous, often included in the calyx, 1--6-seeded, indehiscent, or opening by one of the sutures.--Tufted or diffuse herbs.

Leaves mostly palmately, sometimes pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets usually toothed. Stipules united with the petiole. Flowers in heads or spikes. (Name from _tres_, three, and _folium_, a leaf.)

[*] _Flowers sessile in dense heads; corolla purple or purplish, withering away after flowering, tubular below, the petals more or less coherent with each other._

[+] _Calyx-teeth silky-plumose, longer than the whitish corolla; root annual._

T. ARVeNSE, L. (RABBIT-FOOT or STONE CLOVER.) Silky, branching (5--10'

high); leaflets oblanceolate; heads becoming very soft-silky and grayish, oblong or cylindrical.--Old fields, etc. (Nat. from Eu.)

[+][+] _Calyx scarcely hairy except a bearded ring in the throat, shorter than the rose-purple elongated-tubular corolla. (Short-lived perennials; flowers sweet-scented.)_

T. PRATeNSE, L. (RED C.) Stems ascending, somewhat hairy; _leaflets oval or obovate, often notched_ at the end and marked on the upper side with a pale spot; _stipules broad, bristle-pointed; heads ovate, sessile_.--Fields and meadows; largely cultivated. (Adv. from Eu.)

T. MeDIUM, L. (ZIGZAG C.) Stems zigzag, smoothish; _leaflets oblong, entire_, and spotless; _heads mostly stalked_; flowers deeper purple, otherwise too like the last.--Dry hills, N. Scotia to E. Ma.s.s. (Adv.

from Eu.)

[*][*] _Flowers pedicelled in umbel-like round heads on a naked peduncle, their short pedicels reflexed when old; corolla white or rose-color, withering-persistent and turning brownish in fading; the tubular portion short._

1. T. reflexum, L. (BUFFALO C.) Annual or biennial; _stems ascending, downy; leaflets obovate-oblong_, finely toothed; stipules thin, ovate; standard rose-red, wings and keel whitish; calyx-teeth hairy; pods 3--5-seeded.--Western N. Y. and Ont. to Iowa, Kan., and southward.

2. T. stoloniferum, Muhl. (RUNNING BUFFALO-C.) Smooth, _perennial; stems with long runners_ from the base; _leaflets broadly obovate or obcordate_, minutely toothed; heads loose; flowers white, tinged with purple; pods 2-seeded.--Open woodlands and prairies, Ohio and Ky., west to Iowa and Kan.

3. T. repens, L. (WHITE C.) Smooth, perennial; the slender _stems spreading and creeping; leaflets inversely heart-shaped_ or merely notched, obscurely toothed; stipules scale-like, narrow; petioles and especially the peduncles very long; heads small and loose; _calyx much shorter than the white corolla_; pods about 4-seeded.--Fields and copses, everywhere. Indigenous only in the northern part of our range, if at all.

4. T. Carolinianum, Michx. Somewhat p.u.b.escent small perennial, _proc.u.mbent, in tufts_; leaflets wedge-obovate and slightly notched; stipules ovate, foliaceous; heads small on slender peduncles; _calyx-teeth_ lanceolate, nearly _equalling the purplish corolla; standard pointed_; pods 4-seeded.--Waste ground near Philadelphia, south to Va., Fla., and Tex.

T. HBRIDUM, L. (ALSIKE C.) Resembling T. repens, but the stems erect or ascending, not rooting at the nodes; flowers rose-tinted.--Becoming common. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] _Flowers short-pedicelled in close heads, reflexed when old; corolla yellow, persistent, turning dry and chestnut-brown with age, the standard becoming hood-shaped; annuals, fl. in summer._

T. AGRaRIUM, L. (YELLOW or HOP-C.) Smoothish, somewhat upright (6--12'

high); _leaflets obovate-oblong, all three from the same point_ (palmate) and nearly sessile; _stipules narrow, cohering with the petiole for more than half its length_.--Sandy fields and roadsides; N.

Scotia to Va.; also in western N. Y. (Nat. from Eu.)

T. PROc.u.mBENS, L. (LOW HOP-C.) Stems spreading or ascending, p.u.b.escent (3--6' high); _leaflets wedge-obovate_, notched at the end, _the lateral at a small distance from the other_ (pinnately 3-foliolate); _stipules ovate, short_.--Sandy fields and roadsides, common.--Var. MNUS, Gray, has smaller heads, the standard not much striate with age. (Nat. from Eu.)