The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 139

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, somewhat 10-nerved and reticulated-veiny, flattened on the upper side, naked in the throat, closed in fruit, 2-lipped; upper lip broad and flat, truncate, with 3 short teeth, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla ascending, slightly contracted at the throat and dilated at the lower side just beneath it, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, arched, entire; the lower reflexed-spreading, 3-cleft, its lateral lobes oblong, the middle one rounded, concave, denticulate. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; filaments 2-toothed at the apex, the lower tooth bearing the anther; anthers approximate in pairs, their cells diverging.--Low perennials, with nearly simple stems, and 3-flowered cl.u.s.ters of flowers sessile in the axils of round and bract-like membranaceous floral leaves, imbricated in a close spike or head. (Name said to be from the German _braune_, a disease of the throat, for which this plant was a reputed remedy.)

1. B. vulgaris, L. (COMMON SELF-HEAL or HEAL-ALL.) Leaves ovate-oblong, entire or toothed, petioled, hairy or smoothish; corolla (violet or flesh-color, rarely white) not twice the length of the purplish calyx.--Woods and fields, Newf. to Fla., westward across the continent.

June--Sept. (Eu.)

27. PHYSOSTeGIA, Benth. FALSE DRAGON-HEAD.

Calyx nearly equally 5-toothed, obscurely 10-nerved, short-tubular or bell-shaped, more or less enlarged and slightly inflated in fruit.

Corolla funnel-form, with a much inflated throat, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, nearly entire; the lower 3-parted, spreading, small, its middle lobe larger, broad and rounded, notched. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate; the cells parallel.--Smooth perennials, with upright wand-like stems, and sessile lanceolate or oblong mostly serrate leaves. Flowers large and showy, rose or flesh-color variegated with purple, opposite, crowded in simple or panicled terminal leafless spikes. (Name from f?sa, _a bladder_, and st???, _a covering_.)

1. P. Virginiana, Benth. Stem 1--4 high, terminated by a simple virgate or several panicled spikes; leaves thickish; _calyx tubular-campanulate, its teeth half the length of the tube; corolla 1' long_.--Wet grounds, from N. Vt. west and southward. Varies greatly.--Var. DENTICULaTA, Gray. Slender and commonly low, with crenulate-denticulate or obscurely serrate leaves, and slender or loosely-flowered spikes.--Middle Atlantic States.

2. P. intermedia, Gray. Slender, 1--3 high, remotely leaved; leaves linear-lanceolate, repand-denticulate; _spikes filiform_, rather remotely flowered; _calyx short and broadly campanulate, its teeth about as long as the tube; corolla 5--6" long, much dilated upward_.--Barrens, W. Ky. and Ark. to La. and Tex.

28. SYNaNDRA, Nutt.

Calyx bell-shaped, inflated, membranaceous, irregularly veiny, almost equally 4-toothed! Corolla with a long tube, much expanded above and at the throat; the upper lip slightly arched, entire, the lower spreading and 3-cleft, with ovate lobes, the middle one broadest and notched at the end. Stamens 4, ascending; filaments hairy; anthers approximate in pairs under the upper lip; the two upper each with one fertile and one smaller sterile cell, the latter cells cohering together (whence the name; from s??, _together_, and ????, for _anther_).

1. S. grandiflra, Nutt. Hairy biennial, 1 high; lower leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, heart-shaped, crenate, thin, the floral sessile, gradually reduced to bracts, each with a single sessile flower; corolla 1' long, yellowish-white.--Shady banks of streams, S. Ohio to Ill. and Tenn. In spring.

29. MARRuBIUM, Tourn. h.o.r.eHOUND.

Calyx tubular, 5--10-nerved, nearly equally 5--10-toothed, the teeth more or less spiny-pointed and spreading at maturity. Upper lip of the corolla erect, notched, the lower spreading, 3-cleft, its middle lobe broadest. Stamens 4, _included in the tube of the corolla_.--Whitish-woolly bitter-aromatic perennials, branched at the base, with rugose and crenate or cut leaves, and many-flowered axillary whorls. (A name of Pliny, from the Hebrew _marrob_, a bitter juice.)

M. VULGaRE, L. (COMMON h.o.r.eHOUND.) Stems ascending; leaves round-ovate, petioled, crenate-toothed; whorls capitate; calyx with 10 recurved teeth, the alternate ones shorter; corolla small, white.--Escaped from gardens into waste places. (Nat. from Eu.)

30. BALLTA, L. FETID h.o.r.eHOUND.

Calyx nearly funnel-form; the 10-ribbed tube expanded above into a spreading regular border, with 5--10 teeth. Anthers exserted beyond the tube of the corolla, approximate in pairs. Otherwise much as in Marrubium. (The Greek name, of uncertain origin.)

B. NGRA, L. (BLACK h.o.r.eHOUND.) More or less hairy, but green, erect; the root perennial; leaves ovate, toothed; whorls many-flowered, dense; calyx-teeth 5, longer than the tube of the purplish corolla.--Waste places N. Eng., Penn., etc. (Nat. from Eu.)

31. PHLMIS, Tourn. JERUSALEM SAGE.

Calyx tubular, 5--10-nerved, truncate or equally 5-toothed. Upper lip of the corolla arched; the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, ascending and approximate in pairs under the upper lip; the filaments of the upper pair _longer than the others_ in P. tuberosa, with an awl-shaped appendage at base; anther-cells divergent and confluent.--Leaves rugose.

Whorls dense and many-flowered, axillary, remote, bracted. (An old Greek name of a woolly plant.)

P. TUBERSA, L. Tall perennial (3--5 high), nearly smooth; leaves ovate-heart-shaped, crenate, petioled, the floral oblong-lanceolate; bracts awl-shaped, hairy; upper lip of the purple corolla densely bearded with white hairs on the inside.--S. sh.o.r.e of Lake Ontario, N. Y.

June, July. (Nat. from Eu.)

32. LEONuRUS, L. MOTHERWORT.

Calyx top-shaped, 5-nerved, with 5 nearly equal teeth which are awl-shaped, and when old rather spiny-pointed and spreading. Upper lip of the corolla oblong and entire, somewhat arched; the lower spreading, 3-lobed, its middle lobe larger, narrowly oblong-obovate, entire, the lateral ones oblong. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate in pairs, the valves naked. Nutlets truncate and sharply 3-angled.--Upright herbs, with cut-lobed leaves, and close whorls of flowers in their axils; in summer. (Name from ????, _a lion_, and ????, _tail_, i.e. _Lion's-tail_.)

L. CARDACA, L. (COMMON MOTHERWORT.) Tall perennial; leaves long-petioled, the lower rounded, palmately lobed, the floral wedge-shaped at base, 3-cleft, the lobes lanceolate; upper lip of the pale purple corolla bearded.--Waste places, around dwellings. (Nat. from Eu.)

L. MARRUBIaSTRUM, L. Tall biennial, with elongated branches; stem-leaves oblong-ovate, coa.r.s.ely toothed; corolla (whitish) shorter than the calyx-teeth, the tube naked within; lower lip rather erect.--Roadsides, N. J. to Del., and southward. (Adv. from Eu.)

L. SIBiRICUS, L. Tall biennial; leaves 3-parted, the divisions 2--5-cleft, or deeply 3--7-cleft and incised; corolla (purplish) twice as long as the calyx, the upper lip fornicate, the lower little spreading.--Waste grounds, Penn.; also far west. (Adv. from Eu. and Asia.)

33. LaMIUM, L. DEAD-NETTLE.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, about 5-nerved, with 5 nearly equal awl-pointed teeth. Corolla dilated at the throat; upper lip ovate or oblong, arched, narrowed at the base; the middle lobe of the spreading lower lip broad, notched at the apex, contracted as if stalked at the base, the lateral ones small, at the margin of the throat. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate in pairs, 2-celled, the cells divergent. Nutlets truncate.--Dec.u.mbent herbs, the lowest leaves small and long-petioled, the middle heart-shaped and doubly toothed, the floral subtending the whorled flower-cl.u.s.ter; spring to autumn. (Name from ?a???, _throat_, in allusion to the ringent corolla.)

[*] _Annuals or biennials, low; flowers small, purple, in few whorls or heads._

L. AMPLEXICAuLE, L. Leaves rounded, deeply crenate-toothed or cut, the _upper ones clasping_; corolla elongated, upper lip bearded, the lower spotted; lateral lobes truncate.--Rather common. (Nat. from Eu.)

L. PURPuREUM, L. _Leaves_ roundish or oblong, heart-shaped, crenate-toothed, _all petioled_.--N. Eng. and Penn. (Nat. from Eu.)

(Addendum) L. INTERMeDIUM, Fries. Resembling L. purpureum, but the calyx-teeth longer than the tube, the rather narrower corolla without a hairy ring within near the base, and the nutlet longer (3 times as long as broad).--Cultivated fields near Hingham, Ma.s.s. (_C. J. Sprague_).

(Adv. from Eu.)

[*][*] _Perennial, taller; flowers larger, in several axillary whorls._

L. aLb.u.m, L. Hairy; leaves ovate, heart-shaped, petioled; calyx-teeth very slender, spreading; corolla white, the tube curved upward, obliquely contracted near the base, where there is a ring of hairs inside; lateral lobes of lower lip bearing a long slender tooth.--E. New Eng. (Nat. from Eu.)

L. MACULaTUM, L. Like the last, but leaves more frequently marked with a white spot on the upper face, and flowers purplish, with the ring of hairs transverse instead of oblique.--Sparingly escaped. (Adv. from Eu.)

34. GALEoPSIS, L. HEMP-NETTLE.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, about 5-nerved, with 5 somewhat equal and spiny-tipped teeth. Corolla dilated at the throat; upper lip ovate, arched, entire; the lower 3-cleft, spreading, the lateral lobes ovate, the middle one inversely heart-shaped; palate with 2 teeth at the sinuses. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; _anther-cells transversely 2-valved_; the inner valve of each cell bristly-fringed, the outer one larger and naked.--Annuals, with spreading branches, and several--many-flowered whorls in the axils of floral leaves which are nearly like the lower ones. (Name composed of ?a???, _a weasel_, and ????, _resemblance_, from some fancied likeness of the corolla to the head of a weasel.)

G. TETRaHIT, L. (COMMON HEMP-NETTLE.) _Stem swollen below the joints, bristly-hairy; leaves ovate_, coa.r.s.ely serrate; corolla purplish or variegated, about twice the length of the calyx; or, in var.

GRANDIFLRA, 3--4 times the length of the calyx, often yellowish with a purple spot on the lower lip.--Waste places, common. Aug., Sept. (Nat.

from Eu.)

G. LaDANUM, L. (RED H.) _Stem smooth or p.u.b.escent; leaves oblong-lanceolate_, more or less downy; corolla red or rose-color (often spotted with yellow), much exceeding the calyx.--E. New Eng., rare. Aug.

(Adv. from Eu.)

35. STaCHYS, Tourn. HEDGE-NETTLE.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 5--10-nerved, equally 5-toothed, or the upper teeth united to form an upper lip. Corolla not dilated at the throat; upper lip erect or rather spreading, often arched, entire or nearly so; the lower usually longer and spreading, 3-lobed, with the middle lobe largest and nearly entire. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip (often reflexed on the throat after flowering); anthers approximate in pairs. Nutlets obtuse, not truncate.--Whorls 2--many-flowered, approximate in a terminal raceme or spike (whence the name, from st????, _a spike_). Flowers purple or rose-red, in summer.

[*] _Root annual; stems dec.u.mbent, low._

S. ARVeNSIS, L. (WOUNDWORT.) Hairy; leaves petioled, cordate-ovate, obtuse, crenate; whorls 4--6-flowered, distant; corolla (purplish) scarcely longer than the unarmed calyx.--Waste places, E. Ma.s.s. (Adv.

from Eu.)

[*][*] _Root perennial; stem erect._