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[Footnote 419: Kern in _Tijds. voor T., L. en Volkenkunde_, Deel LII.
1910, p. 107. Similarly in Burma Alompra was popularly regarded as a Bodhisattva.]
[Footnote 420: Sanskrit Kavi, a poet. See for Javanese literature Van der Tuuk in _J.R.A.S._ XIII. 1881, p. 42, and Hinloopen Labberton, _ib_. 1913, p. 1. Also the article "Litteratuur" in the _Encyc. van Nederlandsch-Indi_, and many notices in the writings of Kern and Veth.]
[Footnote 421: Edited by Gunning, 1903.]
[Footnote 422: A fragment of it is printed in _Notulen. Batav. Gen_.
LII. 1914, 108.]
[Footnote 423: Episodes of the Indian epics have also been used as the subjects of Javanese dramas. See Juynboll, _Indonesische en achterindische tooneelvoorstellingen uit het Rmyana_, and Hinloopen Labberton, _Pepakem Sapanti Sakoentala_, 1912.]
[Footnote 424: Juynboll, _Drie Boeken van het Oudjavaansche Mahbhrata_, p. 28.]
[Footnote 425: _Archaeol. Onderzoek_, I. p. 98. This statement is abundantly confirmed by Krom's index of the proper names in the Ngarakretgama in _Tijdschrift_, LVI. 1914, pp. 495 ff.]
[Footnote 426: Edited with transl. and notes by J. Kat, 's Gravenhage, 1910.]
[Footnote 427: Edited with transl. by H. Kern in _Verh. der K.
Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam. Afd. Lett. N.R._ III. 3.
1901.]
[Footnote 428: But this probably represents nizbn?a and is not a Pali form. Cf. Bajra, Byu for Vajra, Vyu.]
[Footnote 429: Adybhis.h.i.+ktyushmanta, p. 30. Prptam buddhatvam bhavadbhir, _ib_. and Esha mrga varah srmn mahyna mahodayah Yena yyam gamishyanto bhavishyatha Tathgath.]
[Footnote 430: Dna, sla, kshnti, vrya, dhyna, praj.]
[Footnote 431: Maitr, karun, mudit, upeksh.]
[Footnote 432: The Kran?d?avyha teaches a somewhat similar doctrine of creative emanations. Avalokita, Brahm, Siva, Vishn?u and others all are evolved from the original Buddha spirit and proceed to evolve the world.]
[Footnote 433: The use of this word, as a name for the residence of Vairocana, seems to be peculiar to our author.]
[Footnote 434: This term may include Sivaite ascetics as well as Buddhist monks.]
[Footnote 435: See further discussion in Kern's edition, p. 16.]
[Footnote 436: As are the Panchpirs in modern India.]
[Footnote 437: Garbha. Up. 1 and 3, especially the phrase asmin panctmake sarre. Pin?d?a Up. 2. Bhinne panctmake dehe. Mah Nr. Up. 23. Sa v esha purushah? pancadh panctm.]
[Footnote 438: See Kern, "Over de Vermenging van Civaisme en Buddhisme op Jva" in _Vers. en Meded. der Kon. Akad. van Wet. Afd. Lett_. 3 _R.
5 Deel_, 1888.
For the Sutasomajtaka see Speyer's translation of the Jtakaml, pp.
291-313, with his notes and references. It is No. 537 in the Pali Collection of Jtakas.]
[Footnote 439: See Nanjio Cat. Nos. 137, 138.]
[Footnote 440: Gotama, Ka.s.sapa, Kongamana and Kakusandha.]
[Footnote 441: About 950-1050 A.D. Fergusson, _Hist. of Indian Architecture_, II. p. 141.]
[Footnote 442: See Knebel, "Recherches prparatoires concernant Krishna et les bas reliefs des temples de Java" in _Tijdschrift_, LI.
1909, pp. 97-174.]
[Footnote 443: In Camboja the result seems to have been double. Pali Buddhism entered from Siam and ultimately conquered all other forms of religion, but for some time Mahayanist Buddhism, which was older in Camboja, revived and received Court patronage.]
[Footnote 444: Chap. 37.]
[Footnote 445: "Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Mahyna opJava" in _Bijd. tot de Taal Lund en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indi_, 1901 and 1902.]
[Footnote 446: This use of advaya and advayavdin strengthens the suspicion that the origins of the Advaita philosophy are to be sought in Buddhism.]
[Footnote 447: It uses the word trikya but expressly defines it as meaning Kya, vk and citta.]
[Footnote 448: In a pa.s.sage which is not translated from the Sanskrit and may therefore reflect the religious condition of Java.]
[Footnote 449: So too in the Sutasoma Jtaka Amoghasiddhi is said to be Vishn?u.]
[Footnote 450: See Juynboll in _Bijdragen tot de Taal Land en Volkenkunde van Ned.-Indi_, 1908, pp. 412-420.]
[Footnote 451: Veth, _Java_, vol. IV. p. 154. The whole chapter contains much information about the Hindu elements in modern Javanese religion.]
[Footnote 452: See Veth, _l.c._ and _ngelmoe_ in _Encycl. van Nederlandsch-Indi. _]
[Footnote 453: Also to some extent in Lombok. The Balinese were formerly the ruling cla.s.s in this island and are still found there in considerable numbers.]
[Footnote 454: It has even been suggested that hinduized Malays carried some faint traces of Indian religion to Madagascar. See _T'oung Pao_ 1906, p. 93, where Zanahari is explained as Yang ( = G.o.d in Malay) Hari.]
[Footnote 455: Groeneveldt, pp. 19, 58, 59.]
[Footnote 456: This word appears to be the Sanskrit area, an image for wors.h.i.+p.]
[Footnote 457: _E.g._ Van Eerde, "Hindu Javaansche en Balische Eeredienst" in _Bijd. T.L. en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indi_, 1910. I visited Bali in 1911.]
[Footnote 458: See Pleyte, _Indonesian Art_, 1901, especially the seven-headed figure in plate XVI said to be Krishna.]
CHAPTER XLI
CENTRAL ASIA
1
