Henry Ossian Flipper, the Colored Cadet at West Point Part 3

Change 15/16 into a decimal fraction of the same value.

Change one hundred and two thousandths (.102) into a vulgar fraction of the same value.

In simple and compound proportion, examples of various kinds will be given, and candidates will be expected to understand the principles of the rules which they follow.

In ENGLISH GRAMMAR candidates will be required to exhibit a familiarity with the nine parts of speech and the rules in relation thereto; must be able to pa.r.s.e any ordinary sentence given to them, and, generally, must understand those portions of the subject usually taught in the higher academies and schools throughout the country, comprehended under the heads of Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody.

In DESCRIPTIVE GEOGRAPHY they are to name, locate, and describe the natural grand and political divisions of the earth, and be able to delineate any one of the States or Territories of the American Union, with its princ.i.p.al cities, rivers, lakes, seaports, and mountains.

In HISTORY they must be able to name the periods of the discovery and settlement of the North American continent, of the rise and progress of the United States, and of the successive wars and political administrations through which the country has pa.s.sed.

THE COURSE OF STUDY AND BOOKS USED AT THE MILITARY ACADEMY.

[Books marked thus * are for reference only.]

First Year--Fourth Cla.s.s.

DEPARTMENT TEXT-BOOKS.

Mathematics...............Davies' Boudon's Algebra.

Davies' Legendre's Geometry and Trigonometry. Church's Descriptive Geometry.

French Language...........Bolmar's Levizac's Grammar and Verb Book. Agnel's Tabular System. Berard's Lecons Francaises. *Spier's and Surenne's Dictionary.

Tactics of Artillery......Practical Instruction in the and Infantry Schools of the Soldier, Company, and Battalion.

Practical Instruction in Artillery.

Use of Small Arms.........Instruction in Fencing and Bayonet Exercise.

Second Year--Third Cla.s.s.

Mathematics...............Church's Descriptive Geometry, with its applications to Spherical Projections. Church's Shades, Shadows and Perspective.

Davies' Surveying. Church's a.n.a.lytical Geometry.

Church's Calculus.

French Language...........Bolmar's Levizac's Grammar and Verb Book. Berard's Lecons Francaises. Chapsal's Lecons Et Modeles de Litterature Francaise. Agnel's Tabular System. Rowan's Morceaux Choisis des Auteurs Modernes.

*Spier's and Surenne's Dictionary.

Spanish...................Josse's Grammar. Morales'

Progressive Reader. Ollen- Dorff's Oral Method applied to the Spanish, by Velasquez and Simonne. Seoane's Neuman and Baretti's Dictionary.

Drawing...................Topography, etc. Art of Penmans.h.i.+p.

Tactics of Infantry,......Practical Instruction in the Artillery, and Cavalry Schools of the Soldier, Company, and Battalion. Practical Instruction in Artillery and Cavalry.

Third Year--Second Cla.s.s.

Natural and Experimental..Bartlett's Mechanics. Bartlett's Philosophy Acoustics and Optics. Bartlett's Astronomy.

Chemistry.................Fowne's Chemistry. Chemical Physics, from Miller.

Drawing...................Landscape. Pencil and Colors.

Tactics of Infantry,......Practical Instruction in the Artillery, and Cavalry Schools of the Soldier, Company, and Battalion. Practical Instruction in Artillery and Cavalry.

Practical Military........Myers' Manual of Signals.

Engineering Practical and Theoretical Instruction in Military Signaling and Telegraphy.

Fourth Year--First Cla.s.s.

Military and Civil........Mahan's Field Fortification.

Engineering, and Mahan's Outlines of Sciences of War. Permanent Fortification.

Mahan's Fortification and Stereotomy. Mahan's Advanced Guard and Outpost, etc. *Moseley's Mechanics of Engineering.

Mineralogy and Geology....Dana's Mineralogy.

Hitchc.o.c.k's Geology.

Ethics and Law............French's Practical Ethics.

Halleck's International Law. Kent's Commentaries (portion on Const.i.tutional Law). Law and Military Law, by Prof. French.

Benet's Military Law and the Practice of Courts- Martial.

Tactics of Artillery,.....United States Tactics for Cavalry, and Infantry Calvary. Practical Instruction in the Schools of the Soldier, Company, and Battalion.

Practical Instruction in Artillery and Cavalry.

Ordnance and Gunnery......Benton's Ordnance and Gunnery. Practical Pyrotechny.

Practical Military........Practical Instruction in Engineering fabricating Fascines, Sap f.a.ggots, Gabions, Hurdles, Sap-rollers, etc.; manner of laying out and constructing Gun and Mortar Batteries, Field Fortific- ations and Works of Siege; formation of Stockades, Abatis, and other military obstacles; and throwing and dismantling Pontoon Bridges.

Myer's Manual of Signals.

Practical Instruction in Military Signaling and Telegraphy.

The second paper was a printed blank, a letter of acceptance or non-acceptance, to be filled up, as the case may be, signed by myself, countersigned by my father, and returned to Was.h.i.+ngton, D. C.

The third, which follows, is simply a memorandum for use of the candidate.

MEMORANDUM.

It is suggested to all candidates for admission into the Military Academy that, before leaving their place of residence for West Point, they should cause themselves to be thoroughly examined by a competent physician, and by a teacher or instructor in good standing By such an examination any serious physical disqualification, or deficiency in mental preparation, would be revealed, and the candidate probably spared the expense and trouble of a useless journey and the mortification of rejection. The circular appended to the letter of appointment should be carefully studied by the candidate and the examiners.

It should be understood that the informal examination herein recommended is solely for the convenience and benefit of the candidate himself, and can in no manner affect the decision of the Academic and Medical Examining Boards at West Point.

NOTE.--There being no provision whatever for the payment of the travelling expenses of either accepted or rejected candidates for admission, no candidate should fail to provide himself in advance with the means of returning to his home, in case of his rejection before either of the Examining Boards, as he may otherwise be put to considerable trouble, inconvenience, and even suffering, on account of his dest.i.tute situation. If admitted, the money brought by him to meet such a contingency can be deposited with the Treasurer on account of his equipment as a cadet, or returned to his friends.

After I had secured the appointment the editor of one of our local papers, which was at the time publis.h.i.+ng-- weekly, I think--brief biographies of some of the leading men of the city, together with cuts of the persons themselves, desired to thus bring me into notoriety. I was duly consulted, and, objecting, the publication did not occur. My chief reason for objecting was merely this: I feared some evil might befall me while pa.s.sing through Georgia en route for West Point, if too great a knowledge of me should precede me, such, for instance, as a publication of that kind would give.

At this interview several other persons--white, of course--were present, and one of them--after relating the trials of Cadet Smith and the circ.u.mstances of his dismissal, which, apropos, had not yet occurred, as he would have me believe-- advised me to abandon altogether the idea of going to West Point, for, said he, "Them northern boys wont treat you right." I have a due proportion of stubbornness in me, I believe, as all of the negro race are said to have, and my Southern friend might as well have advised an angel to rebel as to have counselled me to resign and not go. He was convinced, too, before we separated, that no change in my determination was at all likely to occur. Next day, in a short article, the fact of my appointment was mentioned, and my age and degree of education. Some days after this, while in the post-office, a gentleman beckoned to me, and we withdrew from the crowd. He mentioned this article, and after relating--indeed, repeating, to my amus.e.m.e.nt, the many hards.h.i.+ps to which I should be subjected, and after telling me he had a very promising son--candid, wasn't he?--whom he desired to have educated at West Point, offered me for my appointment the rather large sum of five thousand dollars. This I refused instantly. I had so set my mind on West Point that, having the appointment, neither threats nor excessive bribes could induce me to relinquish it, even if I had not possessed sufficient strength of character to resist them otherwise. However, as I was a minor, I referred him to my father. I have no information that he ever consulted him. If he had, my reply to him would have been sustained. I afterward had reason to believe the offer was made merely to test me, as I received from strangers expressions of confidence in me and in my doing faithfully all that might devolve upon me from my appointment.

CHAPTER III.

REPORTING.

MAY 20th, 1873! Auspicious day! From the deck of the little ferry-boat that steamed its way across from Garrison's on that eventful afternoon I viewed the hills about West Point, her stone structures perched thereon, thus rising still higher, as if providing access to the very pinnacle of fame, and shuddered. With my mind full of the horrors of the treatment of all former cadets of color, and the dread of inevitable ostracism, I approached tremblingly yet confidently.

The little vessel having been moored, I stepped ash.o.r.e and inquired of a soldier there where candidates should report. He very kindly gave me all needed information, wished me much success, for which I thanked him, and set out for the designated place. I soon reached it, and walked directly into the adjutant's office. He received me kindly, asked for my certificate of appointment, and receiving that--or a.s.surance that I had it: I do not now remember which--directed me to write in a book there for the purpose the name and occupation of my father, the State, Congressional district, county and city of his residence, my own full name, age, State, county, and place of my birth, and my occupation when at home. This done I was sent in charge of an orderly to cadet barracks, where my "plebe quarters" were a.s.signed me.

The impression made upon me by what I saw while going from the adjutant's office to barracks was certainly not very encouraging. The rear windows were crowded with cadets watching my unpretending pa.s.sage of the area of barracks with apparently as much astonishment and interest as they would, perhaps, have watched Hannibal crossing the Alps.

Their words, jeers, etc., were most insulting.

Having reached another office, I was shown in by the orderly. I walked in, hat in hand--nay, rather started in-- when three cadets, who were seated in the room, simultaneously sprang to their feet, and welcomed me somewhat after this fas.h.i.+on:

"Well, sir, what do you mean by coming into this office in that manner, sir? Get out of here, sir."