History of the Rise of the Huguenots Volume II Part 18

secr., ii. 268.

[336] Lorraine to Granvelle, _ubi infra_. The progress was resolved upon, it will be seen, before Lorraine's return from Trent.

[337] "I am going to meet their Majesties at Chalons," wrote the Cardinal of Lorraine from Tou-sur-Marne, between Rheims and Chalons, April 20, 1564; "thence they are to leave for Bar, where they will, I think, remain no more than four or five days. I hope that the voyage will be honorable and profitable for our house.... As to our court, it was never so empty of persons belonging to the opposite religion as it is now. The few that are there show very great regret at this voyage, in which I can a.s.sure you that I have not meddled at all, either to further or to r.e.t.a.r.d it; only a short time after my return from Trent, I succeeded in having Nancy changed for Bar." Papiers d'etat du card. de Granvelle, vii. 511.

[338] Smith to Cecil, Tarascon, Oct. 21, 1564, State Paper Office, Calendar.

[339] "a.s.suredly, sir," wrote the cardinal in the letter just cited, "the queen my mistress shows, daily more and more, a strong and holy affection.

This evening I have heard, by the Cardinal of Guise, my brother, who has reached me, many holy intentions of their Majesties, which may G.o.d give them grace to put into good execution." Ibid., _ubi supra_. In a somewhat similar strain Granvelle about this time wrote: "I am so strongly a.s.sured that religion is going to take a favorable turn in France, that I know not what to say of it. The world in that quarter is so light and variable, that no great grounds of confidence can be a.s.sumed. But it is at any rate something that matters are not growing worse." Letter to Bolwiller, April 9, 1564, Papiers d'etat, etc., vii. 461.

[340] Letter of Granvelle to the Emperor Ferdinand, May 8, 1564, Papiers d'etat, vii. 613; also 622, 631.

[341] "Les reformes qui formoient presque le tiers du royaume." Garnier, Hist. de France, x.x.x. 453.

[342] "On peut presumer qu'il n'y eut jamais en France plus de quinze on seize cent mille reformes.... La France possedait a peine quinze millions d'habitans. Ainsi les protestans n'en formaient guere que le dixieme."

Lacretelle, Histoire de France pendant les guerres de religion, ii. 169, 170. The entire pa.s.sage is important.

[343] Giov. Michiel, Rel. des Amb. Ven., i. 412.

[344] Capefigue, from MS., Hist. de la reforme, de la ligue, etc., ii.

408.

[345] Jean de Serres, iii. 47, 48; De Thou, iii., liv. x.x.xvi. 504; Mem. de Castelnau, l. v., c. x.; Pasquier, Lettres, iv., 22, _ap._ Capefigue, ii.

410.

[346] Granvelle to the Emperor Ferdinand, April 12, 1564, Pap. d'etat, vii. 467.

[347] Of solicitude on this score, the only evidence I have come across is furnished by the following pa.s.sage of one of the "Occurrences in France,"

under date of April 11, 1565, sent to the English Government. "Orders are also taken in the court that no gentleman shall talk with the queen's maids, except it is in the queen's presence, or in that of Madame la Princesse de Roche-sur-Yon, except he be married; and if they sit upon a form or stool, he may sit by her, and if she sit upon the ground he may kneel by her, but not lie long, as the fas.h.i.+on was in this court." State Paper Office, Calendar, 331.

[348] Edict of Vincennes, June 14, 1563, and Declarations of Paris, Dec.

14, 1563; of Lyons, June 24, 1564; and of Roussillon, Aug. 4, 1564.

Isambert, Recueil des anc. lois. franc., xiv. 141, 159, 170-172, and Drion, Hist. chronol., i. 102-108. See Jean de Serres, iii. 35-41, 55-63, and after him, De Thou, iii. (liv. x.x.xv.) 411, 412, 504, 505.

[349] Jean de Serres, iii. 54, 55, 64, 65, etc. De Thou, iii. (liv.

x.x.xvi.) 503, etc.

[350] Ibid., _ubi supra_. There are no similar cases of a.s.sa.s.sination on the part of Huguenots at this period. That of Charry at court seems to have resulted partly from revenge for personal wrongs, partly from mistaken devotion on the part of one of D'Andelot's followers to his master's interests. See Languet, letter of Feb. 3, 1564, Epist. secr., ii.

284.

[351] Jean de Serres, iii. 65-82; De Thou, iii. (liv. x.x.xvi.) 505; Lettres de Monseigneur le Prince de Conde a la Roine Mere du Roy, avec Advertiss.e.m.e.ns depuis donnez par ledit Seigneur Prince a leurs Majestez, etc, (Aug. 31, 1564, etc.), Mem. de Conde, v. 201-214.

[352] "Articles respondus par le Roy en son Conseil prive, sur la requeste presentee par plusieurs habitans de la ville de Bourdeaux," etc. The signature of the secretary, Robertet, was affixed Sept. 5, 1564; but such was the obstinacy of the judges of Bordeaux, that the doc.u.ment was not published in the parliament of that city until nearly eight months later (April 30, 1565). Mem. de Conde, v. 214-224. Cimber et Danjou, Archives curieuses, vi. 271-278. The Protestants pet.i.tioned for another town in place of St. Macaire, which had been a.s.signed them for their religious wors.h.i.+p--the most inconveniently situated in the entire "senechaussee."

They desired a city which they could go to and return from on the same day. They stated that "la plus grande partie des plus notables familles de la ville de Bourdeaux est de la religion reformee." This part of their request the king referred to the judgment of the governor.

[353] Ordonnance du roi Charles IX., 6 aout, 1564, Nantes MS., Bulletin, xiii. (1864), 203, 204.

[354] Aymon, i. 277, 278, and Cimber et Danjou, Archives cur., vi. 167. As by this time both Papists and Huguenots knew Catharine de' Medici to be a woman utterly devoid of moral principle, it may fairly be considered an open question whether there was any one in France more deceived than she was in supposing that she had deceived others.

[355] Sir Thomas Smith to the queen, from Tarascon (near Avignon), Oct.

21, 1564, enclosing "Articles of pacification for those of the religion in Venaissin and Avignon agreed to by the ministers of the Pope and those of the Prince of Orange, Oct. 11, 1564." Signed by the vice-legate, Bishop of Fermo, and Fabrizio Serbellone, State Paper Office.

[356] Journal d'un cure ligueur (Jehan de la Fosse), 55, 56, 68.

[357] "Lundi pa.s.se, viiie du present mois, ung peu avant les trois heures apres midy, monsieur le reverendissime cardinal de Lorraine, vestu du robbon et chappeau, ... est entre en Paris." Account written two days after the occurrence by Del Rio, attached to the Spanish emba.s.sy in Paris.

Papiers d'etat du card. de Granvelle, viii. 600-602.

[358] Mem. de Castelnau, liv. vi., c. iii.; Jean de Serres, iii. 85, 86; De Thou, iii. (liv. x.x.xvii.) 533-537; Mem. de Claude Haton, i. 381-383; Journal de Jehan de la Fosse, 70-72; Conde MSS., in Duc d'Aumale, Princes de Conde, i. 518; Le Livre des Marchands (Ed. Pantheon) 424, 425, where the ludicrous features of the scene are, of course, most brightly colored.

"J'espere bien aussi m'en resentir ung jour," wrote the cardinal himself, a few weeks later, from Joinville. Pap. d'etat du card. de Granvelle, viii. 681.

[359] Jehan de la Fosse, 72.

[360] Harangue de l'Admiral de France a Messieurs de la Cour de Parlement de Paris, du 27 janvier 1565, avec la reponse. Papiers d'etat du card. de Granvelle, viii. 655-657. M. de Crussol, in a letter of February 4, 1565, alludes to the admiral's flattering reception by the clergy and by the Sorbonne, "qui sont alle le visiter et offert infiny service;" and states that both parties were gratified by the interview. Conde MSS., in Duc d'Aumale, Princes de Conde, Pieces inedits, i. 520.

[361] Philip II. to Alva, Dec. 14, 1563, Pap. d'etat du card. de Granvelle, vii. 269; Alva to Philip II., Dec. 22, 1563, ib., vii. 286, 287.

[362] Granvelle to the Baron de Bolwiller, March 13, 1565, ib., ix. 61, 62.

[363] Ibid., _ubi supra_. "Je vous a.s.seure, comme il est veritable, qu'il n'y a aultre chose en cecy que simple visitation de fille a mere."

[364] Prof. Kluckholn, strangely enough, speaks of Jean de Serres's Commentarii de statu relig., etc., as "zuerst im Jahre, 1575, erschienen"

(Zur Geschichte des angeb. Bundnisses von Bayonne, Abhand. der k. bayer.

Akademie, Munchen, 1868, p. 151). I have before me the earlier edition of 1571, containing verbatim the pa.s.sage he quotes, with a single unimportant exception--"ecclesiarum" instead of "religiosorum."

[365] J. de Serres, Comment, de statu reipublicae et religionis in Gallia regno, Carolo IX. rege (1571), iii. 92. The Prince of Conde, in his long pet.i.tion sent to Charles, Aug. 23, 1568, at the outbreak of the Third Civil War, says expressly in reference to events a year preceding the Second War: "Quandoquidem ego et alii Religionis reformatae viri fuerimus jampridem admoniti de inito Baionae consilio c.u.m Hispano, ad eos omnes plane delendos atque exterminandos qui Religionem reformatam in tuo regno profiteantur." Ibid., iii. 200.

[366] The remark is said to have been accidentally overheard by Henry of Navarre, afterward Henry the Fourth, of whose presence little account was taken in consequence of his youth. (He was just eleven years and a half old.) But his intimate follower, Agrippa d'Aubigne, would have been likely to give him as authority, had this been the case. He only says: "Les plus licentieux faisoient leur profit d'un terme du Duc d'Alve a Baionne, que dix mille grenouilles ne valloient pas la teste d'un saumon." Hist. univ., liv. iv., c. v. (i. 206). Jean de Serres, _ubi supra_, iii. 125, gives the expression in nearly the same words: "Satius esse unic.u.m salmonis caput, quam mille ranarum capita habere."

[367] Smith to Leicester and Cecil, July 2-29, 1565, State Paper Office, Calendar, 403.

[368] "On apelloit ce bon prelat 'le cardinal des bouteilles,'" says Lestoile, "pource qu'il les aimoit fort, et ne se mesloit gueres d'autres affaires que de celles de la cuisine, ou il se connoissoit fort bien, et les entendoit mieux que celles de la religion et de l'estat." In chronicling the death of Louis, Cardinal of Guise, at Paris, March 29, 1578, he records the suggestive fact that "he was the last of the six brothers of the house of Guise; yet died he young, at the age of forty-eight years." Journal de Henri III., p. 96 (edit. Michaud). So closely is the scriptural warning fulfilled, that "b.l.o.o.d.y and deceitful men shall not live out half their days." Cardinal Guise (not Cardinal Lorraine, as Mr. Henry White seems to suppose, Ma.s.sacre of St.

Bartholomew, Am. edit., 187, 188) was the abettor of the ma.s.sacre of Va.s.sy.

[369] Cartas que el Duque de Alba scrivio, etc. Papiers d'etat du cardinal de Granvelle, ix. 296.

[370] "Con no mas personas que con cinco o seys que son el cabo de todo esto, los tomasen a su mano y les cortasen las cabecas," etc. Ibid., ix.

298.

[371] "Que mirase mucho por su salud, pues que della dependia todo el bien de la christiandad, y creya que le tenia Dios guardado para venir por su mano un gran servicio, que era el castigo de las offensas que en este su reyno se le hazian." Cartas que el Duque de Alba scrivio a su Magestad ...

que contienen las vistas en Bayona, etc. Papiers d'etat du card. de Granvelle, ix. 291.

[372] "Salto luego con dezirme: 'o, el tomar las armas no conviene, que yo destruya mi reyno como se comenco a hazer con las guerras pa.s.sadas.'"

Ibid., _ubi supra_.

[373] "Como es, descubri lo que le tenian pedricado; pa.s.se a otras materias," etc. Ibid., _ubi supra_.

[374] "Que venia muy Espanola." Ibid., ix. 300.

[375] "Ella comenco cierto la platica con el mayor tiento que yo he visto tener jamas a nadie en cosa." Ibid., ix. 303.