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[43] Note 1, p. 466.
[44] xix. 11.
[45] The personal taste of the emperors now greatly helped to form style.
This should not be forgotten in criticising the works of this period.
[46] Such is Teuffel's opinion, following Buchelor, L. L. -- 358.
[47] P. 1414.
[48] This date is adopted by Charpentier. Teuffel (L. L. -- 362, 2) inclines to a later date, 125 A.D.
[49] Apol. 23.
[50] Sometimes called _De Magia_.
[51] The word _paupertas_ must be used in a limited sense, as it is by Horace, _pauperemque dives me pet.i.t_; or else we must suppose that Apuleius had squandered his fortune in his travels.
[52] The case was tried before the Proconsul Claudius Maximus.
[53] It will be found Metam. iv. 28--vi. 24.
[54] Apuleius himself (i. 1) calls it a _Milesian tale_ (see App. to ch.
3). These are very generally condemned by the cla.s.sical writers. But there is no doubt they were very largely read _sub rosa_. When Cra.s.sus was defeated in Parthia, the king Surenas is reported to have been greatly struck with the licentious novels which the Roman officers read during the campaign.
[55] St Augustine fully believed that he and Apollonius of Tyana were workers of (demoniacal) miracles.
CHAPTER IX.
[1] The reader is referred to Champagny, _Les Cesars_, vols. iii. and iv; Martha, _Les Moralistes romaines_; Gaston Boissier, _Les Antonins_; Charpentier, _Ecrivains latins sous l'Empire_.
[2] The declaimers of _Suaseriae_ in praise of the heroes of old were contemptuously styled _Marathonouachos_.
[3] Delivered by Fronto.
[4] One, irritated that the Emperor Antoninus did not bow to him in the theatre, called out, "Caesar! do you not see me?"
[5] Inst. Div. iii. 23.
[6] Dio. xvii. p. 464.
[7] Id. xii. p. 397.
[8] Epictetus (Dissert. iii. 26) uses the very word--_theoi diakonoi ko martyres_. Christianity hallowed this term, as it did so many others.
[9] See Juvenal: Gallia causidicos docuit facunda Britannos De conducende loquitur iam rhetore Thule, xv. 1112.
[10] Dissert. i. 9.
[11] Tac. Hist. iii. 81.
[12] Plut. _De Defect. Orac._ p. 410.
[13] Vit. Apol. iv. 40.
[14] Jampridem Syrus in Tiberim defluxit Orontes, Juv. iii. 52.
[15] Decernat quodcunque volet de corpore nostro Isis, Id. xiii. 93.
[16] Herm. 24.
[17] De deo Socr. 3.
[18] _E.g._ Those of Greece are cheerful for the most part, those of Egypt gloomy.
[19] He was an African, it will be remembered.
APPENDICES
[1] From the _Romische Zeittafeln_ of Dr E. W. Fischer, and from Clinton, _Fasti h.e.l.lenici_ and _Romani_. Only those dates which are tolerably certain are given.
[2] Clinton places his birth in 193; but see Teuff. -- 97, 6.
[3] Others place this event in 109 B.C.
[4] Others place this event in 55 B.C.
[5] Or, perhaps, in 24 B.C.
[6] Jerome places it in 13 A.D.
[7] The most convenient and accessible are here recommended, not the most complete or exhaustive. For these the reader is referred to Teuffel's work, from which several of those here mentioned are taken.
[8] Some of these questions are taken from University Examinations, some also from Mr. Gantillon's Cla.s.sical Examination Papers.
