The Grammar of English Grammars Part 231

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE XI; OF p.r.o.nOUNS.

UNDER THE RULE ITSELF.--THE IDEA OF PLURALITY.

"The jury will be confined till _they_ agree on a verdict."--_Brown's Inst._, p. 145. "And mankind directed _their_ first cares towards the needful."--_Formey cor._ "It is difficult to deceive a free people respecting _their_ true interest."--_Life of Charles XII cor._ "All the virtues of mankind are to be counted upon a few fingers, but _their_ follies and vices are innumerable."--_Swift cor._ "Every sect saith, 'Give _us_ liberty:' but give it _them_, and to _their_ power, _and they_ will not yield it to any body else."--_Cromwell cor._ "Behold, the people shall rise up as a great lion, and lift up _themselves_ as a young lion."--_Bible cor._ "For all flesh had corrupted _their_ way upon the earth."--_Id._ "There happened to the army a very strange accident, which put _them_ in great consternation."--_Goldsmith cor._

UNDER NOTE I.--THE IDEA OF UNITY.

"The meeting went on _with its_ business as a united body."--_Foster cor._ "Every religious a.s.sociation has an undoubted right to adopt a creed for _itself_."--_Gould cor._ "It would therefore be extremely difficult to raise an insurrection in that state against _its_ own government."--_Dr.

Webster cor._ "The mode in which a lyceum can apply _itself_ in effecting a reform in common schools."--_N. Y. Lyc. cor._ "Hath a nation changed _its_ G.o.ds, which yet are no G.o.ds?"--_Jer. cor._ "In the holy Scriptures, each of the twelve tribes of Israel is often called by the name of the patriarch from whom _it_ descended." Or better:--"from whom _the tribe_ descended."--_Adams cor._

UNDER NOTE II.--UNIFORMITY OF NUMBER.

"A nation, by the reparation of _the wrongs which it has done_, achieves a triumph more glorious than any field of blood can ever give."--_Adams cor._ "The English nation, from _whom_ we descended, have been gaining their liberties inch by inch."--_Webster cor._ "If a Yearly Meeting should undertake to alter _its_ fundamental doctrines, is there any power in the society to prevent _it from_ doing so?"--_Foster's Rep. cor._ "There is[537] a generation that _curse_ their father, and _do_ not bless their mother."--_Bible cor._ "There is[537] a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet _are_ not washed from their filthiness."--_Id._ "He hath not beheld iniquity in Jacob, neither hath he seen perverseness in Israel: the Lord _their_ G.o.d is with _them_, and the shout of a king is among them."--_Id._ "My people _have_ forgotten me, they have burnt incense to vanity."--_Id._ "When a quarterly meeting _has_ come to a _judgement_ respecting any difference, relative to any monthly meeting belonging to _it_" &c.--_Discip. cor._ "The number of such compositions is every day increasing, and it _appears_ to be limited only by the pleasure or _the convenience_ of _writers_."--_Booth cor._ "The Church of Christ _has_ the same power now as ever, and _is_ led by the same spirit into the same practices."--_Barclay cor._ "The army, whom _their_ chief had thus abandoned, pursued meanwhile their miserable march." Or thus: "The army, _which its_ chief had thus abandoned, pursued meanwhile _its_ miserable march."--_Lockhart cor._

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE XII; OF p.r.o.nOUNS.

ANTECEDENTS CONNECTED BY AND.

"Discontent and sorrow manifested _themselves_ in his countenance."--_Brown's Inst._, p. 146. "Both conversation and public speaking became more simple and plain, such as we now find _them_."--_Blair cor._ "Idleness and ignorance, _if they_ be suffered to proceed, &c."--_Johnson and Priestley cor._ "Avoid questions and strife: _they show_ a busy and contentious disposition."--_Penn cor._ "To receive the gifts and benefits of G.o.d with thanksgiving, and witness _them_ blessed and sanctified to us by the word and prayer, is owned by us."--_Barclay cor._ "Both minister and magistrate are compelled to choose between _their_ duty and _their_ reputation."--_Junius cor._ "All the sincerity, truth, and faithfulness, or disposition of heart or conscience to approve _them_, found among rational creatures, necessarily originate from G.o.d."--_Rev. J.

Brown cor._ "Your levity and heedlessness, if _they_ continue, will prevent all substantial improvement."--_Brown's Inst._, p. 269. "Poverty and obscurity will oppress him only who esteems _them_ oppressive."--_Ib._ "Good sense and refined policy are obvious to few, because _they_ cannot be discovered but by a train of reflection."--_Ib._ "Avoid haughtiness of behaviour, and affectation of manners: _they imply_ a want of solid merit."--_Ib._ "If love and unity continue, _they_ will make you partakers of one an other's joy."--_Ib._ "Suffer not jealousy and distrust to enter: _they_ will destroy, like a canker, every germ of friends.h.i.+p."--_Ib._ "Hatred and animosity are inconsistent with Christian charity: guard, therefore, against the slightest indulgence of _them_."--_Ib._ "Every man is ent.i.tled to liberty of conscience, and freedom of opinion, if he does not pervert _them_ to the injury of others."--_Ib._

"With the azure and vermilion _Which are_ mix'd for my pavilion."--_Byron cor._

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE XIII; OF p.r.o.nOUNS.

ANTECEDENTS CONNECTED BY OR OR NOR.

"Neither prelate nor priest can give _his_ [flock or] flocks any decisive evidence that you are lawful pastors."--_Brownlee cor._ "And is there a heart of parent or of child, that does not beat and burn within _him_?"-- _Maturin cor._ "This is just as if an eye or a foot should demand a salary for _its_ service to the body."--_Collier cor._ "If thy hand or thy foot offend thee, cut _it_ off, and cast _it_ from thee."--_Bible cor._ "The same might as well be said of Virgil, or any great author; whose general character will infallibly raise many casual additions to _his_ reputation."--_Pope cor._ "Either James or John,--one _or the other_,--will come."--_Smith cor._ "Even a rugged rock or _a_ barren heath, though in _itself_ disagreeable, _contributes_, by contrast, to the beauty of the whole."--_Kames cor._ "That neither Count Rechteren nor Monsieur Mesnager had behaved _himself_ right in this affair."--_Spect. cor._ "If an Aristotle, a Pythagoras, or a Galileo, _suffers_ for _his_ opinions, _he is a 'martyr.'_"--_Fuller cor._ "If an ox gore a man or a woman, that _he or she_ die; then the ox _shall surely_ be stoned."--_Exod. cor._ "She was calling out to one or an other, at every step, that a Habit was ensnaring _him_."--_Johnson cor._ "Here is a task put upon children, _which_ neither this author _himself_, nor any other, _has_ yet undergone."--_R. Johnson cor._ "Hence, if an adjective or _a_ participle be subjoined to the verb when _the construction is singular, it_ will agree both in gender and _in_ number with the collective noun."--_Adam and Gould cor._ "And if you can find a diphthong or a triphthong, be pleased to point _that_ out too."--_Bucke cor._ "And if you can find a trissyllable or a polysyllable, point _it_ out."--_Id._ "The false refuges in which the atheist or the sceptic _has_ intrenched _himself_."--_Chr. Spect. cor._ "While the man or woman thus a.s.sisted by art, expects _his_ charms _or hers_ will be imputed to nature alone."--_Opie cor._ "When you press a watch, or pull a clock, _it answers_ your question with precision; for _it repeats_ exactly the hour of the day, and tells you neither more nor less than you desire to know."--_Bolingbroke cor._

"Not the Mogul, or Czar of Muscovy, Not Prester John, or Cham of Tartary, _Is_ in _his mansion_ monarch more than I."--_King cor._

CHAPTER VI.--VERBS.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE XIV AND ITS NOTES.

UNDER THE RULE ITSELF.--VERB AFTER THE NOMINATIVE.

"Before you left Sicily, you _were reconciled_ to Verres."--_Duncan cor._ "Knowing that you _were_ my old master's good friend."--_Spect. cor._ "When the judge _dares_ not act, where is the loser's remedy?"--_Webster cor._ "Which extends it no farther than the variation of the verb _extends_."--_Mur. cor._ "They presently dry without hurt, as myself _have_ often proved."--_R. Williams cor._ "Whose goings-forth _have_ been from of old, from everlasting."--_Micah_, v, 2. "You _were_ paid to fight against Alexander, not to rail at him."--_Porter cor._ "Where more than one part of speech _are_ almost always concerned."--_Churchill cor._ "Nothing less than murders, rapines, and conflagrations, _employs_ their thoughts." Or: "_No less things_ than murders, rapines, and conflagrations, _employ_ their thoughts."--_Duncan cor._ "I wondered where you _were_, my dear."--_Lloyd cor._ "When thou most sweetly _singst_."--_Drummond cor._ "Who _dares_, at the present day, avow himself equal to the task?"--_Gardiner cor._ "Every body _is_ very kind to her, and not discourteous to me."--_Byron cor._ "As to what thou _sayst_ respecting the diversity of opinions."--_M.

B. cor._ "Thy nature, Immortality, who _knows_?"--_Everest cor._ "The natural distinction of s.e.x in animals, gives rise to what, in grammar, _are_ called genders."--_Id._ "Some pains _have_ likewise been taken."--_Scott cor._ "And many a steed in his stables _was_ seen."--_Penwarne cor._ "They _were_ forced to eat what never was esteemed food."--_Josephus cor._ "This that _you_ yourself _have_ spoken, I desire that they may take their oaths upon."--_Hutchinson cor._ "By men whose experience best _qualifies_ them to judge."--_Committee cor._ "He _dares_ venture to kill and destroy several other kinds of fish."--_Walton cor._ "If a gudgeon meet a roach, He _ne'er will_ venture to approach." Or thus: "If a gudgeon _meets_ a roach, He _dares_ not venture to approach."--_Swift cor._ "Which thou _endeavourst_ to establish to thyself."--_Barclay cor._ "But they pray together much oftener than thou _insinuat'st_."--_Id._ "Of people of all denominations, over whom thou _presidest_."--_N. Waln cor._ "I can produce ladies and gentlemen whose progress _has_ been astonis.h.i.+ng."--_Chazotte cor._ "Which of these two kinds of vice _is the_ more criminal?"--_Dr. Brown cor._ "Every twenty-four hours _afford_ to us the vicissitudes of day and night."--_Smith's False Syntax, New Gram._, p.

103. Or thus: "Every _period_ of twenty-four hours _affords_ to us the vicissitudes of day and night."--_Smith cor._ "Every four years _add_ an other day."--_Smith's False Syntax, Gram._, p. 103. Better thus: "Every _fourth year adds_ an other day."--_Smith cor._ "Every error I could find, _Has_ my busy muse employed."--_Swift cor._ "A studious scholar _deserves_ the approbation of his teacher."--_Sanborn cor._ "Perfect submission to the rules of a school _indicates_ good breeding."--_Id._ "A comparison in which more than two _are_ concerned."--_Lennie's Gram._, p. 78. "By the facilities which artificial language _affords_ them."--_O. B. Peirce cor._ "Now thyself _hast_ lost both lop and top."--_Spencer cor._ "Glad tidings _are_ brought to the poor."--_Campbell cor._ "Upon which, all that is pleasurable or affecting in elocution, chiefly _depends._"--_Sher. cor._ "No pains _have_ been spared to render this work complete."--_Bullions cor._ "The United States _contain_ more than a twentieth part of the land of this globe."--_Clinton cor._ "I am mindful that myself _am_ strong."--_Fowler cor._ "Myself _am_ (not _is_) weak;"--"Thyself _art_ (not _is_) weak."--_Id._

"How pale each wors.h.i.+pful and reverend guest Rises from clerical or city feast!"--_Pope cor._

UNDER THE RULE ITSELF.--VERB BEFORE THE NOMINATIVE.

"Where _were_ you born? In London."--_Buchanan cor._ "There _are_ frequent occasions for commas."--_Ingersoll cor._ "There necessarily _follow_ from thence these plain and unquestionable consequences."--_Priestley cor._ "And to this impression _contributes_ the redoubled effort."--_Kames cor._ "Or, if he was, _were_ there no spiritual men then?"--_Barclay cor._ "So, by these two also, _are_ signified their contrary principles."--_Id._ "In the motions made with the hands, _consists_ the chief part of gesture in speaking."--_Blair cor._ "_Dares_ he a.s.sume the name of a popular magistrate?"--_Duncan cor._ "There _were_ no damages as in England, and so Scott lost his wager."--_Byron cor._ "In fact, there _exist_ such resemblances."--_Kames cor._ "To him _give_ all the prophets witness."--_Acts_, x, 43. "That there _were_ so many witnesses and actors."--_Addison cor._ "How _do_ this man's definitions stand affected?"--_Collier cor._ "Whence _come_ all the powers and prerogatives of rational beings?"--_Id._ "Nor _do_ the scriptures cited by thee prove thy intent."--_Barclay cor._ "Nor _does_ the scripture cited by thee prove the contrary."--_Id._ "Why then _citest_ thou a scripture which is so plain and clear for it?"--_Id._ "But what _say_ the Scriptures as to respect of persons among Christians?"--_Id._ "But in the mind of man, while in the savage state, there _seem_ to be hardly any ideas but what enter by the senses;"--_Robertson cor._ "What sounds _has_ each of the vowels?"--_Griscom cor._ "Out of this _have_ grown up aristocracies, monarchies, despotisms, tyrannies."--_Brownson cor._ "And there _were_ taken up, of fragments that remained to them, twelve baskets."--_Bible cor._ "There _seem_ to be but two general cla.s.ses."--_Day cor._ "Hence _arise_ the six forms of expressing time."--_Id._ "There _seem_ to be no other words required."--_Chandler cor._ "If there _are_ two, the second increment is the syllable next to the last."--_Bullions cor._ "Hence _arise_ the following advantages."--_Id._ "There are no data by which it can be estimated."--_Calhoun cor._ "To this cla.s.s, _belongs_ the Chinese language, in which we have nothing but naked _primitives_."--_Fowler cor._ [[Fist] "Nothing but naked _roots_" is faulty; because no word is a _root_, except some derivative spring from it."--G. B.] "There _were_ several other grotesque figures that presented themselves."--_Spect. cor._ "In these _consists_ that sovereign good which ancient sages so much extol."--_Percival cor._ "Here _come_ those I have done good to against my will."--_Shak. cor._ "Where there _are_ more than one auxiliary." Or: "Where there _are_ more _auxiliaries_ than one."--_O. B. Peirce cor._

"On me to cast those eyes where _s.h.i.+nes_ n.o.bility."

--_Sidney cor._

"Here _are_ half-pence in plenty, for one you'll have twenty."

--_Swift cor._

"Ah, Jockey, ill _advisest_ thou. I wis, To think of songs at such a time as this."

--_Churchill cor._

UNDER NOTE I.--THE RELATIVE AND VERB.

"Thou, who _lovest_ us, wilt protect us still."--_A. Murray cor._ "To use that endearing language, 'Our Father, who _art_ in heaven.'"--_Bates cor._ "Resembling the pa.s.sions that _produce_ these actions."--_Kames cor._ "Except _dwarf, grief, hoof, m.u.f.f_, &c., which _take s_ to make the plural."--_Ash cor._ "As the cattle that _go_ before me, and the children, be able to endure."--_Gen. cor._ "Where is the man who _dares_ affirm that such an action is mad?"--_Dr. Pratt cor._ "The ninth book of Livy affords one of the most beautiful exemplifications of historical painting, that _are_ anywhere to be met with."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "In some studies, too, that relate to taste and fine writing, which _are_ our object," &c.--_Id._ "Of those affecting situations which _make_ man's heart feel for man."--_Id._ "We see very plainly, that it is neither Osmyn nor Jane Sh.o.r.e that _speaks_."--_Id._ "It should a.s.sume that briskness and ease which _are_ suited to the freedom of dialogue."--_Id._ "Yet they grant, that none ought to be admitted into the ministry, but such as _are_ truly pious."--_Barclay cor._ "This letter is one of the best that _have_ been written about Lord Byron."--_Hunt cor._ "Thus, besides what _were_ sunk, the Athenians took above two hundred s.h.i.+ps."--_Goldsmith cor._ "To have made and declared such orders as _were_ necessary."--_Hutchinson cor._ "The idea of such a collection of men as _makes_ an army."--_Locke cor._ "I'm not the first that _has_ been wretched."--_Southern cor._ "And the faint sparks of it which _are_ in the angels, are concealed from our view."--_Calvin cor._ "The subjects are of such a nature, as _allows_ room (or, as to _allow_ room) for much diversity of taste and sentiment."--_Dr.

Blair cor._ "It is in order to propose examples of such perfection, as _is_ not to be found in the real examples of society."--_Formey cor._ "I do not believe that he would amuse himself with such fooleries as _have_ been attributed to him."--_Id._ "That shepherd, who first _taught_ the chosen seed."--_Milton, P. L._, B. i, l. 8. "With respect to the vehemence and warmth which _are_ allowed in popular eloquence."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Ambition is one of those pa.s.sions that _are_ never to be satisfied."--_Home cor._ "Thou wast he that _led_ out and _brought_ in Israel."--_Bible cor._ "Art thou the man of G.o.d, that _came_ from Judah?"--_Id._

"How beauty is excell'd by manly grace And wisdom, which alone _are_ truly fair."--_Milton cor._

"What art thou, speak, that on designs unknown, While others sleep, thus _roamst_ the camp alone?"--_Pope cor._

UNDER NOTE II.--NOMINATIVE WITH ADJUNCTS.

"The literal sense of the words _is_, that the action had been done."--_Dr.

Murray cor._ "The rapidity of his movements _was_ beyond example."--_Wells cor._ "Murray's Grammar, together with his Exercises and Key, _has_ nearly superseded every thing else of the kind."--_Murray's Rec. cor._ "The mechanism of clocks and watches _was_ totally unknown."--_Hume cor._ "The _it_, together with the verb _to be, expresses a state_ of being."--_Cobbett cor._ "Hence it is, that the profuse variety of objects in some natural landscapes, _occasions neither_ confusion nor fatigue."--_Kames cor._ "Such a clatter of sounds _indicates_ rage and ferocity."--_Gardiner cor._ "One of the fields _makes_ threescore square yards, and the other, only fifty-five."--_Duncan cor._ "The happy effects of this fable _are_ worth attending to."--_Bailey cor._ "Yet the glorious serenity of its parting rays, still _lingers_ with us."--_Gould cor._ "Enough of its form and force _is_ retained to render them uneasy."--_Maturin cor._ "The works of nature, in this respect, _are_ extremely regular."--_Pratt cor._ "No small addition of exotic and foreign words and phrases, _has_ been made by commerce."--_Bicknell cor._ "The dialect of some nouns _is noticed_ in the notes."--_Milnes cor._ "It has been said, that a discovery of the full resources of the arts, _affords_ the means of debas.e.m.e.nt, or of perversion."--_Rush cor._ "By which means, the order of the words _is_ disturbed."--_Holmes cor._ "The two-fold influence of these and the others, _requires_ the _verb_ to be in the plural form."--_Peirce cor._ "And each of these _affords_ employment."--_Percival cor._ "The p.r.o.nunciation of the vowels _is_ best explained under the rules relative to the consonants."--_Coar cor._ "The judicial power of these courts _extends_ to all cases in law and equity."--_Hall and Baker cor._ "One of you _has_ stolen my money."--_Humorist cor._ "Such redundancy of epithets, in stead of pleasing, _produces_ satiety and disgust."--_Kames cor._ "It has been alleged, that a compliance with the rules of Rhetoric, _tends_ to cramp the mind."--_Hiley cor._ "Each of these _is_ presented to us in different relations."--_Hendrick cor._ "The past tense of these verbs, (_should, would, might, could_,) _is_ very indefinite with respect to time."--_Bullions cor._ "The power of the words which are said to govern this mood, _is_ distinctly understood."--_Chandler cor._

"And now, at length, the fated term of years The world's desire _hath_ brought, and lo! the G.o.d appears."

--_Lowth cor._

"Variety of numbers still _belongs_ To the soft melody of _odes_, or _songs_."

--_Brightland cor._

UNDER NOTE III.--COMPOSITE OR CONVERTED SUBJECTS.

"Many are the works of human industry, which to begin and finish, _is_ hardly granted to the same man."--_Johnson cor._ "To lay down rules for these, _is_ as inefficacious."--_Pratt cor._ "To profess regard and act _injuriously, discovers_ a base mind."--_L. Murray et al. cor._ "To magnify to the height of wonder things great, new, and admirable, extremely _pleases_ the mind of man."--_Fisher cor._ "In this pa.s.sage, '_according as_' _is_ used in a manner which is very common."--_Webster cor._ "A CAUSE DE, _is_ called a preposition; A CAUSE QUE, a conjunction."--_Webster cor._ "To these _it is_ given to speak in the name of the Lord."--_The Friend cor._ "While _wheat_ has no plural, _oats has_ seldom any singular."--_Cobbett cor._ "He cannot a.s.sert that _ll_ (i.e., _double Ell_) _is_ inserted in _fullness_ to denote the sound of _u_"--_Cobb cor._ "_Ch_, in Latin, _has_ the power of _k_."--_Gould cor._ "_Ti_, before a vowel, and unaccented, _has_ the sound of _si_ or _ci_."--_Id._ "In words derived from French, as _chagrin, chicanery_, and _chaise, ch is sounded_ like _sh_."--_Bucke cor._ "But, in the _words schism, schismatic_, &c., the _ch is_ silent."--_Id._ "_Ph_, at the beginning of words, _is_ always sounded like _f_."--_Bucke cor._ "_Ph has_ the sound of _f_ as in _philosophy_."--_Webster cor._ "_Sh has_ one sound only, as in _shall_."--_Id._ "_Th has_ two sounds."--_Id._ "_Sc_, before _a, o, u, or r, has_ the sound of _sk_."--_Id._ "_Aw has_ the sound of _a_ in _hall_."--_Bolles cor._ "_Ew sounds_ like _u_"--_Id._ "_Ow_, when both _vowels are_ sounded, _has_ the _power_ of _ou in thou_."--_Id._ "_Ui_, when both _vowels are_ p.r.o.nounced in one syllable, _sounds_ like _wi short, as_ in _languid_."--_Id._

"_Ui_ three _other sounds at least expresses_, As _who hears_ GUILE, REBUILD, and BRUISE, _confesses_."

--_Brightland cor._

UNDER NOTE IV.--EACH, ONE, EITHER, AND NEITHER.

"When each of the letters which compose this word, _has_ been learned."--_Dr. Weeks cor._ "As neither of us _denies_ that both Homer and Virgil have great beauties."--_Dr. Blair cor._ "Yet neither of them _is_ remarkable for precision."--_Id._ "How far each of the three great epic poets _has_ distinguished _himself_."--_Id._ "Each of these _produces_ a separate, agreeable sensation."--_Id._ "On the Lord's day, every one of us Christians _keeps_ the sabbath."--_Tr. of Iren. cor._ "And each of them _bears_ the image of purity and holiness."--_Hope of Is. cor._ "_Was_ either of these meetings ever acknowledged or recognized?"--_Foster cor._ "Whilst neither of these letters _exists_ in the Eugubian inscription."--_Knight cor._ "And neither of them _is_ properly termed indefinite."--_Dr. Wilson cor._ "As likewise of the several subjects, which have in effect _their several verbs_:" or,--"_each of which has_ in effect _its own verb_."--_Lowth cor._ "Sometimes, when the word ends in _s_, neither of the signs _is_ used."--_A. Mur. cor._ "And as neither of these manners _offends_ the ear."--_J. Walker cor._ "Neither of these two tenses _is_ confined to this signification only."--_R. Johnson cor._ "But neither of these circ.u.mstances _is_ intended here."--_Tooke cor._ "So that all are indebted to each, and each _is_ dependent upon all."--_Bible Rep. cor._ "And yet neither of them _expresses_ any more action in this case, than _it_ did in the other."--_Bullions cor._ "Each of these expressions _denotes_ action."--_Hallock cor._ "Neither of these moods _seems_ to be defined by distinct boundaries."--_Butler cor._ "Neither of these solutions _is_ correct."--_Bullions cor._ "Neither _bears_ any sign of case at all."--_Fowler cor._

"Each in _his_ turn, like Banquo's monarchs, _stalks._" Or:-- "_All_ in _their_ turn, like Banquo's monarchs, _stalk_."--_Byron cor._

"And tell what each _doth_ by _the_ other lose."--_Shak. cor._