The Grammar of English Grammars Part 103

EXAMPLES UNDER NOTE I.--AN OR A.

"I have seen an horrible thing in the house of Israel."--_Hosea_, vi, 10.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the article _an_ is used before _horrible_, which begins with the sound of the consonant _h_. But, according to Note 1st, under Rule 1st, "When the indefinite article is required, _a_ should always be used before the sound of a consonant, and _an_, before that of a vowel." Therefore, _an_ should be _a_; thus, "I have seen _a_ horrible thing in the house of Israel."]

"There is an harshness in the following sentences."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 188. "Indeed, such an one is not to be looked for."--_Blair's Rhet._, p.

27. "If each of you will be disposed to approve himself an useful citizen."--_Ib._, p. 263. "Land with them had acquired almost an European value."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 325. "He endeavoured to find out an wholesome remedy."--_Neef's Method of Ed._, p. 3. "At no time have we attended an Yearly Meeting more to our own satisfaction."--_The Friend_, v, 224. "Addison was not an humourist in character."--_Kames, El. of Crit._, i, 303. "Ah me! what an one was he?"--_Lily's Gram._, p. 49. "He was such an one as I never saw."--_Ib._ "No man can be a good preacher, who is not an useful one."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 283. "An usage which is too frequent with Mr. Addison."--_Ib._, p. 200. "n.o.body joins the voice of a sheep with the shape of an horse."--_Locke's Essay_, p. 298. "An universality seems to be aimed at by the omission of the article."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 154.

"Architecture is an useful as well as a fine art."--_Kames, El. of Crit._, ii, 335. "Because the same individual conjunctions do not preserve an uniform signification."--_Nutting's Gram._, p. 78. "Such a work required the patience and a.s.siduity of an hermit."--_Johnson's Life of Morin_.

"Resentment is an union of sorrow with malignity."--_Rambler_, No. 185.

"His bravery, we know, was an high courage of blasphemy."--_Pope_. "Hyssop; a herb of bitter taste."--_Pike's Heb. Lex._, p. 3.

"On each enervate string they taught the note To pant, or tremble through an Eunuch's throat."--_Pope_.

UNDER NOTE II.--AN OR A WITH PLURALS.

"At a sessions of the court in March, it was moved," &c.--_Hutchinson's Hist. of Ma.s.s._, i, 61. "I shall relate my conversations, of which I kept a memoranda."--_d.u.c.h.ess D'Abrantes_, p. 26. "I took another dictionary, and with a scissors cut out, for instance, the word ABACUS."--_A. B. Johnson's Plan of a Dict._, p. 12. "A person very meet seemed he for the purpose, of a forty-five years old."--_Gardiner's Music of Nature_, p. 338. "And it came to pa.s.s about an eight days after these sayings."--_Luke_, ix, 28."

There were slain of them upon a three thousand men."--_1 Mac._, iv, 15."

Until I had gained the top of these white mountains, which seemed another Alps of snow."--_Addison, Tat._, No. 161. "To make them a satisfactory amends for all the losses they had sustained."--_Goldsmith's Greece_, p.

187. "As a first fruits of many more that shall be gathered."--_Barclay's Works_, i, 506. "It makes indeed a little amends, by inciting us to oblige people."--_Sheffield's Works_, ii, 229. "A large and lightsome backstairs leads up to an entry above."--_Ib._, p. 260. "Peace of mind is an honourable amends for the sacrifices of interest."--_Murray's Gram._, p.

162; _Smith's_, 138. "With such a spirit and sentiments were hostilities carried on."--_Robertson's America_, i, 166. "In the midst of a thick woods, he had long lived a voluntary recluse."--_G. B_. "The flats look almost like a young woods."--_Morning Chronicle_. "As we went on, the country for a little ways improved, but scantily."--_Ess.e.x County Freeman_, Vol. ii, No. 11. "Whereby the Jews were permitted to return into their own country, after a seventy years captivity at Babylon."--_Rollin's An.

Hist._, Vol. ii, p. 20. "He did riot go a great ways into the country."--_Gilbert's Gram._, p. 85.

"A large amends by fortune's hand is made, And the lost Punic blood is well repay'd."--_Rowe's Lucan_, iv, 1241.

UNDER NOTE III.--NOUNS CONNECTED.

"As where a landscape is conjoined with the music of birds and odour of flowers."--_Kames, El. of Crit._, i, 117. "The last order resembles the second in the mildness of its accent, and softness of its pause."--_Ib._, ii, 113. "Before the use of the loadstone or knowledge of the compa.s.s."--_Dryden_. "The perfect participle and imperfect tense ought not to be confounded."--_Murray's Gram._, ii, 292. "In proportion as the taste of a poet, or orator, becomes more refined."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 27. "A situation can never be intricate, as long as there is an angel, devil, or musician, to lend a helping hand."--_Kames, El. of Crit._, ii, 285. "Avoid rude sports: an eye is soon lost, or bone broken."--"Not a word was uttered, nor sign given."--_Brown's Inst._, p. 125. "I despise not the doer, but deed."--_Ibid._ "For the sake of an easier p.r.o.nunciation and more agreeable sound."--_Lowth_. "The levity as well as loquacity of the Greeks made them incapable of keeping up the true standard of history."-- _Bolingbroke, on Hist._, p. 115.

UNDER NOTE IV.--ADJECTIVES CONNECTED.

"It is proper that the vowels be a long and short one."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 327. "Whether the person mentioned was seen by the speaker a long or short time before."--_Ib._, p. 70; _Fisk's_, 72. "There are three genders, Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter."--_Adam's Lat. Gram._, p. 8. "The numbers are two; Singular and Plural."--_Ib._, p. 80; _Gould's_, 77. "The persons are three; First, Second, [and] Third."--_Adam, et al_. "Nouns and p.r.o.nouns have three cases; the nominative, possessive, and objective."--_Comly's Gram._, p. 19; _Ingersoll's_, 21. "Verbs have five moods; namely, the Indicative, Potential, Subjunctive, Imperative, and Infinitive."-- _Bullions's E. Gram._, p. 35; _Lennie's_, 20. "How many numbers have p.r.o.nouns? Two, the singular and plural."--_Bradley's Gram._, p. 82. "To distinguish between an interrogative and exclamatory sentence."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 280; _Comly's_, 163; _Ingersoll's_, 292. "The first and last of which are compounded members."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 123. "In the last lecture, I treated of the concise and diffuse, the nervous and feeble manner."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 183. "The pa.s.sive and neuter verbs, I shall reserve for some future conversation."--_Ingersoll's Gram._, p. 69. "There are two voices; the Active and Pa.s.sive."--_Adam's Gram._, p. 59; _Gould's_, 87. "Whose is rather the poetical than regular genitive of _which_."--_Dr.

Johnson's Gram._, p. 7. "To feel the force of a compound, or derivative word."--_Town's a.n.a.lysis_, p. 4. "To preserve the distinctive uses of the copulative and disjunctive conjunctions."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 150; _Ingersoll's_, 233. "E has a long and short sound in most languages."-- _Bicknell's Gram._, Part ii, p. 13. "When the figurative and literal sense are mixed and jumbled together."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 151. "The Hebrew, with which the Canaanitish and Phoenician stand in connection."--CONANT: _Fowler's E. Gram._, 8vo, 1850, p. 28. "The languages of Scandinavia proper, the Norwegian and Swedish."--_Fowler, ib._, p. 31.

UNDER NOTE V.--ADJECTIVES CONNECTED.

"The path of truth is a plain and a safe path"--_Murray's Key_, p. 236.

"Directions for acquiring a just and a happy elocution."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 144. "Its leading object is to adopt a correct and an easy method."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 9. "How can it choose but wither in a long and a sharp winter."--_Cowley's Pref._, p. vi. "Into a dark and a distant unknown."--_Chalmers, on Astronomy_, p. 230. "When the bold and the strong enslaved his fellow man."--_Chazotte's Essay_, p. 21. "We now proceed to consider the things most essential to an accurate and a perfect sentence."

--_Murray's Gram._, p. 306. "And hence arises a second and a very considerable source of the improvement of taste."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 18.

"Novelty produces in the mind a vivid and an agreeable emotion."--_Ib._, p.

50. "The deepest and the bitterest feeling still is, the separation."-- _Dr. M'Rie_. "A great and a good man looks beyond time."--_Brown's Inst.i.tutes_, p. 125. "They made but a weak and an ineffectual resistance."

--_Ib._ "The light and the worthless kernels will float."--_Ib._ "I rejoice that there is an other and a better world."--_Ib._ "For he is determined to _revise_ his work, and present to the publick another and a better edition."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 7. "He hoped that this t.i.tle would secure him an ample and an independent authority."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 172: see _Priestley's_, 147. "There is however another and a more limited sense."--_Adams's Rhet._, Vol. ii, p. 232.

UNDER NOTE VI.--ARTICLES OR PLURALS.

"This distinction forms, what are called the diffuse and the concise styles."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 176. "Two different modes of speaking, distinguished at first by the denominations of the Attic and the Asiatic manners."--_Adams's Rhet._, Vol. i, p. 83. "But the great design of uniting the Spanish and the French monarchies under the former was laid."-- _Bolingbroke, on History_, p. 180. "In the solemn and the poetic styles, it [_do_ or _did_] is often rejected."--_W. Allen's Gram._, p. 68. "They cannot be at the same time in the objective and the nominative cases."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 151; _Ingersoll's_, 239; _R. G.

Smith's_, 127. "They are named the POSITIVE, the COMPARATIVE, and the SUPERLATIVE degrees."--_Smart's Accidence_, p. 27. "Certain Adverbs are capable of taking an Inflection, namely, that of the comparative and the superlative degrees."--_Fowler's E. Gram._, 8vo, 1850, --321. "In the subjunctive mood, the present and the imperfect tenses often carry with them a future sense."--_L. Murray's Gram._, p. 187; _Fisk's_, 131. "The imperfect, the perfect, the pluperfect, and the first future tenses of this mood, are conjugated like the same tenses of the indicative."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 145. "What rules apply in parsing personal p.r.o.nouns of the second and third person?"--_Ib._, p. 116. "Nouns are sometimes in the nominative or objective case after the neuter verb to be, or after an active-intransitive or pa.s.sive verb."--_Ib._, p. 55. "The verb varies its endings in the singular in order to agree in form with the first, second, and third person of its nominative."--_Ib._, p. 47. "They are identical in effect, with the radical and the vanis.h.i.+ng stresses."--_Rush, on the Voice_, p. 339. "In a sonnet the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth line rhyme to each other: so do the second, third, sixth, and seventh line; the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth line; and the tenth, twelfth, and fourteenth line."--_Churchill's Gram._, p. 311. "The iron and the golden ages are run; youth and manhood are departed."--_Wright's Athens_, p. 74.

"If, as you say, the iron and the golden ages are past, the youth and the manhood of the world."--_Ib._ "An Exposition of the Old and New Testament."--_Matthew Henry's t.i.tle-page_. "The names and order of the books of the Old and New Testament."--_Friends' Bible_, p. 2; _Bruce's_, p.

2; et al. "In the second and third person of that tense."--_L. Murray's Gram._, p. 81. "And who still unites in himself the human and the divine natures."--_Gurney's Evidences_, p. 59. "Among whom arose the Italian, the Spanish, the French, and the English languages."--_L. Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 111. "Whence arise these two, the singular and the plural Numbers."--_Burn's Gram._, p. 32.

UNDER NOTE VII.--CORRESPONDENT TERMS.

"Neither the definitions, nor examples, are entirely the same with his."--_Ward's Pref. to Lily's Gram._, p. vi. "Because it makes a discordance between the thought and expression."--_Kames, El. of Crit._, ii, 24. "Between the adjective and following substantive."--_Ib._ ii, 104.

"Thus, Athens became both the repository and nursery of learning."--_Chazotte's Essay_, p. 28. "But the French pilfered from both the Greek and Latin."--_Ib._, p. 102. "He shows that Christ is both the power and wisdom of G.o.d."--_The Friend_, x, 414. "That he might be Lord both of the dead and living."--_Rom._, xiv, 9. "This is neither the obvious nor grammatical meaning of his words."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 209. "Sometimes both the accusative and infinitive are understood."--_Adam's Gram._, p.

155; _Gould's_, 158. "In some cases we can use either the nominative or accusative promiscuously."--_Adam_, p. 156; _Gould_, 159. "Both the former and latter substantive are sometimes to be understood."--_Adam_, p. 157; _Gould_, 160. "Many whereof have escaped both the commentator and poet himself."--_Pope_. "The verbs must and ought have both a present and past signification."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 108. "How shall we distinguish between the friends and enemies of the government?"--_Webster's Essays_, p.

352. "Both the ecclesiastical and secular powers concurred in those measures."--_Campbell's Rhet._, p. 260. "As the period has a beginning and end within itself it implies an inflexion."--_Adams's Rhet._, ii, 245.

"Such as ought to subsist between a princ.i.p.al and accessory."--_Kames, on Crit._, ii, 39.

UNDER NOTE VIII.--CORRESPONDENCE PECULIAR.

"When both the upward and the downward slides occur in p.r.o.nouncing a syllable, they are called a _Circ.u.mflex_ or _Wave_."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, pp. 75 and 104. "The word _that_ is used both in the nominative and objective cases."--_Sanborn's Gram._, p. 69. "But all the other moods and tenses of the verbs, both in the active and pa.s.sive voices, are conjugated at large."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 81. "Some writers on Grammar object to the propriety of admitting the second future, in both the indicative and subjunctive moods."--_Ib._, p. 82. "The same conjunction governing both the indicative and the subjunctive moods, in the same sentence, and in the same circ.u.mstances, seems to be a great impropriety."--_Ib._, p. 207. "The true distinction between the subjunctive and the indicative moods in this tense."--_Ib._, p. 208. "I doubt of his capacity to teach either the French or English languages."--_Chazotte's Essay_, p. 7. "It is as necessary to make a distinction between the active transitive and the active intransitive forms of the verb, as between the active and pa.s.sive forms."--_Nixon's Pa.r.s.er_, p. 13.

UNDER NOTE IX.--A SERIES OF TERMS.

"As comprehending the terms uttered by the artist, the mechanic, and husbandman."--_Chazotte's Essay_, p. 24. "They may be divided into four cla.s.ses--the Humanists, Philanthropists, Pestalozzian and the Productive Schools."--_Smith's New Gram._, p. iii. "Verbs have six tenses, the Present, the Imperfect, the Perfect, the Pluperfect, and the First and Second Future tenses."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 138; _L. Murray's_, 68; _R.

C. Smith's_, 27; _Alger's_, 28. "_Is_ is an irregular verb neuter, indicative mood, present tense, and the third person singular."--_Murray's Gram._, Vol. ii, p. 2. "_Should give_ is an irregular verb active, in the potential mood, the imperfect tense, and the first person plural."--_Ibid._ "_Us_ is a personal p.r.o.noun, first person plural, and in the objective case."--_Ibid._ "_Them_ is a personal p.r.o.noun, of the third person, the plural number, and in the objective case."--_Ibid._ "It is surprising that the Jewish critics, with all their skill in dots, points, and accents, never had the ingenuity to invent a point of interrogation, of admiration, or a parenthesis."--_Wilson's Hebrew Gram._, p. 47. "The fifth, sixth, seventh, and the eighth verse."--_O. B. Peirce's Gram._, p. 263.

"Subst.i.tutes have three persons; the First, Second, and the Third."--_Ib._, p. 34. "_John's_ is a proper noun, of the masculine gender, the third person, singular number, possessive case, and governed by _wife_, by Rule I."--_Smith's New Gram._, p. 48. "Nouns in the English language have three cases; the nominative, the possessive, and objective."--_Barrett's Gram._, p. 13; _Alexander's_, 11. "The Potential [mood] has four [tenses], viz. the Present, the Imperfect, the Perfect, and Pluperfect."--_Ingersoll's Gram._, p. 96.

"Where Science, Law, and Liberty depend, And own the patron, patriot, and the friend."--_Savage, to Walpole_.

UNDER NOTE X.--SPECIES AND GENUS.

"A p.r.o.noun is a part of speech put for a noun."--_Paul's Accidence_, p. 11.

"A verb is a part of speech declined with mood and tense."--_Ib._, p. 15.

"A participle is a part of speech derived of a verb."--_Ib._, p. 38. "An adverb is a part of speech joined to verbs to declare their signification."--_Ib._, p. 40. "A conjunction is a part of speech that joineth sentences together."--_Ib._, p. 41. "A preposition is a part of speech most commonly set before other parts."--_Ib._, p. 42. "An interjection is a part of speech which betokeneth a sudden motion or pa.s.sion of the mind."--_Ib._, p. 44. "An enigma or riddle is also a species of allegory."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 151; _Murray's Gram._, 343. "We may take from the Scriptures a very fine example of an allegory."--_Ib._: _Blair_, 151; _Mur._, 341. "And thus have you exhibited a sort of a sketch of art."--HARRIS: _in Priestley's Gram._, p. 176. "We may 'imagine a subtle kind of a reasoning,' as Mr. Harris acutely observes."--_Churchill's Gram._, p. 71. "But, before entering on these, I shall give one instance of a very beautiful metaphor, that I may show the figure to full advantage."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 143. "Aristotle, in his Poetics, uses metaphor in this extended sense, for any figurative meaning imposed upon a word; as a whole put for the part, or a part for a whole; the species for the genus, or a genus for the species."--_Ib._, p. 142. "It shows what kind of an apple it is of which we are speaking."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 69.

"Cleon was another sort of a man."--_Goldsmith's Greece_, Vol. i, p. 124.

"To keep off his right wing, as a kind of a reserved body."--_Ib._, ii, 12.

"This part of speech is called a verb."--_Mack's Gram._, p. 70. "What sort of a thing is it?"--_Hiley's Gram._, p. 20. "What sort of a charm do they possess?"--_Bullions's Principles of E. Gram._, p. 73.

"Dear Welsted, mark, in dirty hole, That painful animal, a Mole."--_Note to Dunciad_, B. ii, l. 207.

UNDER NOTE XI.--ARTICLES NOT REQUISITE.

"Either thou or the boys were in the fault."--_Comly's Key, in Gram._, p.

174. "It may, at the first view, appear to be too general."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 222; _Ingersoll's_, 275. "When the verb has a reference to future time."--_Ib.: M._, p. 207; _Ing._, 264. "No; they are the language of imagination rather than of a pa.s.sion."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 165. "The dislike of the English Grammar, which has so generally prevailed, can only be attributed to the intricacy of syntax."--_Russell's Gram._, p. iv. "Is that ornament in a good taste?"--_Kames, El. of Crit._, ii, 326. "There are not many fountains in a good taste."--_Ib._, ii, 329. "And I persecuted this way unto the death."--_Acts_, xxii, 4. "The sense of the feeling can, indeed, give us the idea of extension."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 196. "The distributive adjective p.r.o.nouns, _each, every, either_, agree with the nouns, p.r.o.nouns, and verbs, of the singular number only."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 165; _Lowth's_, 89. "Expressing by one word, what might, by a circ.u.mlocution, be resolved into two or more words belonging to the other parts of speech."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 84. "By the certain muscles which operate all at the same time."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 19. "It is sufficient here to have observed thus much in the general concerning them."--_Campbell's Rhet._, p. 112. "Nothing disgusts us sooner than the empty pomp of language."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 319.

UNDER NOTE XII.--t.i.tLES AND NAMES.

"He is ent.i.tled to the appellation of a gentleman."--_Brown's Inst._, p.