Nixonland. Part 64

Inside, a train of keynoters: Republican National Committee, Republican National Committee, Official Proceedings of the Republican National Convention Official Proceedings of the Republican National Convention (Was.h.i.+ngton, 1972). Republican convention podium: Hoffman, Rubin, and Sanders, (Was.h.i.+ngton, 1972). Republican convention podium: Hoffman, Rubin, and Sanders, Vote!, Vote!, 179, 174; Mailer, 179, 174; Mailer, St. George and the G.o.dfather, St. George and the G.o.dfather, 204; Sch.e.l.l, 204; Sch.e.l.l, Time of Illusion, Time of Illusion, 275. 275.

"You can even eat a lettuce": Ibid.; Greene, Ibid.; Greene, Running, Running, 62. 62.

84 percent of them were public officeholders: Mailer, Mailer, St. George and the G.o.dfather, St. George and the G.o.dfather, 206. 206. In Texas, only one: In Texas, only one: Ibid., 151. Ibid., 151.

On Tuesday evening: Hoffman, Rubin, and Sanders, Hoffman, Rubin, and Sanders, Vote!, Vote!, 2069; Greene, 2069; Greene, Running, Running, 69; Thompson, 69; Thompson, Fear and Loathing, Fear and Loathing, 385. 385. "To a Republican lady": "To a Republican lady": Mailer, Mailer, St. George and the G.o.dfather, St. George and the G.o.dfather, 166. 166.

On Wednesday, as delegates: Ibid., 222. Ibid., 222. Then came the big VVAW march: Then came the big VVAW march: Thompson, Thompson, Fear and Loathing, Fear and Loathing, 38292. 38292.

A security guard gripped: Ron Kovic, Ron Kovic, Born on the Fourth of July Born on the Fourth of July (New York: Akas.h.i.+c Books, 2005), 17481. (New York: Akas.h.i.+c Books, 2005), 17481.

Ron Kovic started confronting delegates: Kovic, Kovic, Born on the Fourth of July, Born on the Fourth of July, 181. 181.

Police buses, Mace in air-conditioning: Mailer, St. George and the G.o.dfather, St. George and the G.o.dfather, 221. Jimmy Stewart, John Wayne: Ibid., 190. 221. Jimmy Stewart, John Wayne: Ibid., 190.

A train of nominators and seconders: RNC, RNC, Official Proceedings. Official Proceedings.

During the nomination roll call: Mailer, Mailer, St. George and the G.o.dfather, St. George and the G.o.dfather, 209; Greene, 209; Greene, Running, Running, 68. 68. Gerald Ford read his line: Gerald Ford read his line: Sch.e.l.l, Sch.e.l.l, Time of Illusion, Time of Illusion, 279. 279.

He arrived for his acceptance: RNC, RNC, Official Proceedings. Some wore b.u.t.tons: Official Proceedings. Some wore b.u.t.tons: Hoffman, Rubin, and Sanders, Hoffman, Rubin, and Sanders, Vote!, Vote!, 16466. 16466.

"Her name"-his voice broke: Audio at PPP 226, August 23, 1972. Audio at PPP 226, August 23, 1972.

At 1 a.m. police stood: Mailer, Mailer, St. George and the G.o.dfather, St. George and the G.o.dfather, 202; "Police Seize 900 in Miami Beach," NYT, August 24, 1972. 202; "Police Seize 900 in Miami Beach," NYT, August 24, 1972. Though one was disappointed: Though one was disappointed: Greene, Greene, Running, Running, 58. 58.

CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR: NOT HALF ENOUGH.

Nixon was twenty-six points ahead: Richard Reeves, Richard Reeves, President Nixon: Alone in the White House President Nixon: Alone in the White House (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 523. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 523. But on September 1, Harris: But on September 1, Harris: "Nixon Given Edge in Alienated Vote," WP, September 1, 1972. "Nixon Given Edge in Alienated Vote," WP, September 1, 1972.

George McGovern started in New England: Bob Greene, Bob Greene, Running Running (Chicago: Regnery, 1973), 4851. (Chicago: Regnery, 1973), 4851. On September 10, George Gallup: On September 10, George Gallup: "Youth Vote Moves Toward GOP Camp," WP, September 10, 1972, A3. "Youth Vote Moves Toward GOP Camp," WP, September 10, 1972, A3. "far and away the most fiercely": "far and away the most fiercely": Frederick G. Dutton, Frederick G. Dutton, Changing Sources of Power: American Politics in the 1970s Changing Sources of Power: American Politics in the 1970s (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971). (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971).

the twenty-six-year-old Bob Haldeman: Fawn Brodie, Fawn Brodie, Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 424; Stanley Kutler, (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 424; Stanley Kutler, The Wars of Watergate: The Last Crisis of Richard Nixon The Wars of Watergate: The Last Crisis of Richard Nixon (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992), 82. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992), 82. "Youth Against McGovern": "Youth Against McGovern": Greene, Greene, Running, Running, 49, 87. 49, 87.

In Youngstown, Ohio: Greene, Greene, Running, Running, 52. 52. In Philadelphia: In Philadelphia: Ibid., 108. Ibid., 108.

"Kennedy in '76!": Ibid., 103. Daley parade for first lady: Julie Nixon Eisenhower, Ibid., 103. Daley parade for first lady: Julie Nixon Eisenhower, Pat Nixon: The Untold Story Pat Nixon: The Untold Story (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), 349. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), 349. One of his more indiscreet ward bosses: One of his more indiscreet ward bosses: Walter Karp, Walter Karp, Indispensable Enemies: The Politics of Misrule in America Indispensable Enemies: The Politics of Misrule in America (New York: Franklin Square Press, 1993), 78. (New York: Franklin Square Press, 1993), 78.

The Democratic leaders of Ess.e.x County: "Shriver Campaigns at Picnic in Jersey," NYT, September 18, 1972, 16. "Shriver Campaigns at Picnic in Jersey," NYT, September 18, 1972, 16.

On the sixteenth: "Jury Bares New Details of Break-in," WP, September 16, 1972, A1. "Jury Bares New Details of Break-in," WP, September 16, 1972, A1. The next morning's story: The next morning's story: "Spy Funds Linked to GOP Aides," WP, September 17, 1972, A1. "Spy Funds Linked to GOP Aides," WP, September 17, 1972, A1.

McGovern started using the word Watergate: See, for instance, George S. McGovern, Watergate: See, for instance, George S. McGovern, An American Journey: The Presidential Campaign Speeches of George McGovern An American Journey: The Presidential Campaign Speeches of George McGovern (New York, Random House, 1974), 53, 65. (New York, Random House, 1974), 53, 65.

Larry O'Brien, reported: "Charge by O'Brien," NYT, August 25, 1972. "Charge by O'Brien," NYT, August 25, 1972. The report found eleven: The report found eleven: "G.A.O. Report Asks Justice Inquiry into G.O.P. Funds," NYT, August 27, 1972. "G.A.O. Report Asks Justice Inquiry into G.O.P. Funds," NYT, August 27, 1972. Nixon responded that both: Nixon responded that both: "Stans Demands G.A.O. Fund Audit for Democrats," NYT, August 28, 1972. "Stans Demands G.A.O. Fund Audit for Democrats," NYT, August 28, 1972.

One article, "McGovern Mail Lottery": "McGovern Mail Lottery Charges Being Studied," WP, August 30, 1972. "McGovern Mail Lottery Charges Being Studied," WP, August 30, 1972.

Walter Cronkite got wind: Timothy Crouse, Timothy Crouse, The Boys on the Bus The Boys on the Bus (New York: Ballantine Books, 1974), 18485. (New York: Ballantine Books, 1974), 18485. It came too late to affect: It came too late to affect: "Nixon More Believable, 59% to 20%," WP, September 28, 1972. "Nixon More Believable, 59% to 20%," WP, September 28, 1972.

On September 30, the Post Post's: "Mitch.e.l.l Controlled GOP Secret Fund," WP, September 30, 1972. "Mitch.e.l.l Controlled GOP Secret Fund," WP, September 30, 1972. Three days later: Three days later: "McGovern Lost Credibility a.s.set," WP, October 2, 1972. "McGovern Lost Credibility a.s.set," WP, October 2, 1972.

McGovern UPI editors speech: Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 115; McGovern, 115; McGovern, American Journey, American Journey, 52. 52.

"What kind of lead": Greene, Greene, Running, Running, 16162. 16162.

Persistently, Jules Witcover: Crouse, Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 25758. 25758.

Nixon on Liberty Island: Ibid., 25860; Greene, Running, Running, 136. 136.

Nixon at Americana Hotel: Greene, Running, Running, 13940; Crouse, 13940; Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 263, 266; PPP, September 26, 1972. 263, 266; PPP, September 26, 1972.

Nixon in California: Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 (New York: Popular Library, 1973), 400404; Crouse, (New York: Popular Library, 1973), 400404; Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 267; Greene, 267; Greene, Running, Running, 143. 143.

"Why not mutiny?": Crouse, Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 240. 240.

Jules Witcover, after McGovern's UPI speech: Ibid., 11516. Ibid., 11516.

The president did say: PPP, October 5, 1972. PPP, October 5, 1972.

On October 8, Republican: Jonathan Sch.e.l.l, Jonathan Sch.e.l.l, The Time of Illusion The Time of Illusion (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975), 288. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975), 288.

October 10, a scoop: "FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats," WP, October 10, 1972; Jules Witcover, "The Canuck Episode," WP, September 13, 1973. "FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats," WP, October 10, 1972; Jules Witcover, "The Canuck Episode," WP, September 13, 1973.

October 10 Ron Ziegler briefing: "White House: No Comment," WP, October 11, 1972.

The Post Post reported yet more fis.h.i.+ness: reported yet more fis.h.i.+ness: "Muskie Demands Personal Response to Charges," WP, October 10, 1972; "Muskie Details 'Sabotage' Incidents," WP, October 16, 1972; "Lawyer for Nixon Said to Have Used GOP's Spy Fund," WP, October 16, 1972. "Muskie Demands Personal Response to Charges," WP, October 10, 1972; "Muskie Details 'Sabotage' Incidents," WP, October 16, 1972; "Lawyer for Nixon Said to Have Used GOP's Spy Fund," WP, October 16, 1972. A A New Republic New Republic reporter bugged: reporter bugged: Crouse, Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 22123. 22123.

Bernstein and Woodward didn't attend: Crouse, Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 30714. 30714.

The New York Times New York Times filled in: filled in: "Segretti Is Linked to Calls to White House in Spring," NYT, October 18, 1972. Time "Segretti Is Linked to Calls to White House in Spring," NYT, October 18, 1972. Time had added a data point: had added a data point: "More Fumes from the Watergate Affair," "More Fumes from the Watergate Affair," Time, Time, October 23, 1972. October 23, 1972.

McGovern later put out: "McGovern: Newspapers," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us. "McGovern: Newspapers," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us.

attack three Tuesdays before the election: "GOP Hits "GOP Hits Post Post for 'Hearsay,'" WP, October 17, 1972, A1; "Clark MacGregor's Statement on the for 'Hearsay,'" WP, October 17, 1972, A1; "Clark MacGregor's Statement on the Was.h.i.+ngton Post, Was.h.i.+ngton Post," WP, October 18, 1972.

Clark Mollenhoff: Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 25056. 25056.

For Oval Office strategizing on using attacks on Nixon campaign offices, see October 13, 1972, conversation between the president and Colson in Stanley I. Kutler, Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes (New York: Free Press, 1997), 157. (New York: Free Press, 1997), 157.

Post editor Ben Bradlee: editor Ben Bradlee: "GOP Hits "GOP Hits Post Post for 'Hearsay.'" for 'Hearsay.'"

The New York Times New York Times reported: reported: "McGovern Discloses Large New Loans," NYT, October 26, 1972. "McGovern Discloses Large New Loans," NYT, October 26, 1972.

McGovern "skinny cats" and "people's fund-raisers": McGovern, American Journey, American Journey, 29. 29.

Direct mail: "Money Pours In; Mail-Order Money Raises Morale of McGovern Staff," WP, October 20, 1972. "Mr. Nixon has described the Vietnam War": "Mr. Nixon has described the Vietnam War": McGovern, McGovern, American Journey, American Journey, 110. 110. McGovernophobic organs: McGovernophobic organs: "2 Million Loaned to McGovern by Unions, Rich Contributors," CT, September 13, 1972; "$4. 5 Million in Loans," CT, July 14, 1972; "Secrecy Preferred by Some McGovern Moneymen," WSJ, September 1, 1972. "2 Million Loaned to McGovern by Unions, Rich Contributors," CT, September 13, 1972; "$4. 5 Million in Loans," CT, July 14, 1972; "Secrecy Preferred by Some McGovern Moneymen," WSJ, September 1, 1972.

Reporters got so used to: Greene, Greene, Running, Running, 160. For McGovern campaign disarray generally, see Kristi Witker, 160. For McGovern campaign disarray generally, see Kristi Witker, How to Lose Everything in Politics How to Lose Everything in Politics (Chicago: Academy Publishers Chicago, 1988), pa.s.sim. (Chicago: Academy Publishers Chicago, 1988), pa.s.sim. Mexican-American regional coordinator: Mexican-American regional coordinator: "McGovern Mexican Aide Quits," CT, September 14, 1972, 8. "McGovern Mexican Aide Quits," CT, September 14, 1972, 8. One day Vermont's popular: One day Vermont's popular: Bruce Miroff, Bruce Miroff, The Liberals' Moment: The McGovern Insurgency and the Ident.i.ty Crisis of the Democratic Party The Liberals' Moment: The McGovern Insurgency and the Ident.i.ty Crisis of the Democratic Party (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2007), 155. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2007), 155.

"Thirty-nine percent of the delegates": Ibid., 189. Ibid., 189.

De Mau Mau: "'Mau Mau' Gang Blamed," CT, October 16, 1972. "'Mau Mau' Gang Blamed," CT, October 16, 1972.

Nixon in Philadelphia: H. R. Haldeman, The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1994), 518; Greene, (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1994), 518; Greene, Running, Running, 22024; Jefferson Decker, "Frank Rizzo, Richard Nixon, and Law-and-Order" (master's thesis, Department of History, Columbia University, 2003). 22024; Jefferson Decker, "Frank Rizzo, Richard Nixon, and Law-and-Order" (master's thesis, Department of History, Columbia University, 2003).

Nixon Camp David address: PPP, October 21, 1972.

Then he watched the seventh game: Reeves, Reeves, President Nixon, President Nixon, 537. 537.

Nixon in New York: Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 28588; Greene, 28588; Greene, Running, Running, 23135; PPP, October 23, 1972. 23135; PPP, October 23, 1972.

It began with the piercing blast: "Nixon: McGovern Welfare," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us/. "Nixon: McGovern Welfare," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us/.

Officially, the organization: Miroff, Miroff, Liberals' Moment, Liberals' Moment, 22829. 22829.

"They're payin' people": "McGovern: Welfare," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us/. "McGovern: Welfare," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us/.

The in-house ad agency shot that down: Jamieson, Jamieson, Packaging the Presidency, Packaging the Presidency, 308. 308. "They don't realize how rough": "They don't realize how rough": Kutler, Kutler, Abuse of Power, Abuse of Power, 173. 173.

"And whenever the war is over": "McGovern: Defense Spending," ibid. "McGovern: Defense Spending," ibid.

A four-minute spot: "McGovern: Convention," ibid. "McGovern: Convention," ibid.

In his law-and-order ad: "McGovern: Crime and Drugs," ibid. "McGovern: Crime and Drugs," ibid.

McGovern speech to VFW conference: McGovern, American Journey, American Journey, 103. 103.

"The McGovern defense plan": "Nixon: Defense," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us/. "Nixon: Defense," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us/.

Nixon radio ads: Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Packaging the Presidency: A History and Criticism of Presidential Campaign Advertising, Packaging the Presidency: A History and Criticism of Presidential Campaign Advertising, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 305. 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 305.

Two Republican consultants' research: Ibid., 309; Walter DeVries and V. Lance Tarrance, Ibid., 309; Walter DeVries and V. Lance Tarrance, The Ticket-Splitters: A New Force in American Politics The Ticket-Splitters: A New Force in American Politics (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1972). (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1972). A four-minute one: A four-minute one: "Nixon: Nixon the Man," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us. "Nixon: Nixon the Man," http://livingroomcandidate.movingimage.us.

In another ad, he was once more at his desk: "Nixon: Busing," ibid. "Nixon: Busing," ibid.

The most compelling ad: "Nixon: Pa.s.sport," ibid. "Nixon: Pa.s.sport," ibid.

"We have now heard from both Vietnams": Reeves, Reeves, President Nixon, President Nixon, 53940. 53940.

Nixon took a campaign turn: Theodore H. White, Theodore H. White, Making of the President 1972 Making of the President 1972 (New York: Atheneum, 1973), 332. (New York: Atheneum, 1973), 332.

Cronkite Watergate broadcast: Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 18587; "American Masters: Walter Cronkite," PBS special, http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/cronkite_w.html. 18587; "American Masters: Walter Cronkite," PBS special, http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/cronkite_w.html.

"Paley was pleading": "Nixon Hoped Ant.i.trust Threat Would Sway Coverage," WP, December 1, 1997. "Nixon Hoped Ant.i.trust Threat Would Sway Coverage," WP, December 1, 1997.

Indeed, even before "peace is at hand": "President Is Favored on Vietnam," WP, October 15, 1972. "President Is Favored on Vietnam," WP, October 15, 1972.

At one appearance at the University of Minnesota: Miroff, Miroff, Liberals' Moment, Liberals' Moment, 99. 99.

"In a recent month": Jamieson, Jamieson, Packaging the Presidency, Packaging the Presidency, 317. 317.

"I've come here with some good news": Greene, Greene, Running, Running, 107. 107.

A strange little book appeared: Arthur Tobier, Arthur Tobier, How George McGovern Won the Presidency, and Why the Polls Were Wrong How George McGovern Won the Presidency, and Why the Polls Were Wrong (New York: Ballantine Books, 1972). (New York: Ballantine Books, 1972).

For the mood of McGovern optimistm see full-page ad, NYT, November 5, 1972, E5.

Anne Wexler, one of McGovern's whiz-kid: "Could Everyone Be Wrong?" NYT, October 29, 1972. "Could Everyone Be Wrong?" NYT, October 29, 1972.

In Ohio, a microcosm: Ibid. Ibid. McGovern people talked about: McGovern people talked about: Ibid. Ibid.

"If I ever find out you're a Communist, Jane": Jane Fonda, Jane Fonda, My Life So Far My Life So Far (New York: Random House, 2005), 225. (New York: Random House, 2005), 225.

Nixon's final televised speech: PPP, November 2, 1972.

The Sunday before the election, McGovern: Reeves, Reeves, President Nixon, President Nixon, 540. 540. "the harshest rhetoric of any campaign": "the harshest rhetoric of any campaign": Crouse, Crouse, Boys on the Bus, Boys on the Bus, 380. 380.

"Mr. Nixon will not end the war": Jamieson, Jamieson, Packaging the Presidency, Packaging the Presidency, 316. 316. "The more the McGovern side": "The more the McGovern side": Ibid. Ibid.

Election eve, and the president gathered: Kutler, Kutler, Wars of Watergate, Wars of Watergate, 195. 195.

"Stop that! Stop that!": Reeves, Reeves, President Nixon, President Nixon, 557. 557.

He called George Allen: Election-night conversations on tape 33, available online at http://nixon.archives.gov/forresearchers/find/tapes/tape033/tape033.php. George Allen is conversation 41. Election-night conversations on tape 33, available online at http://nixon.archives.gov/forresearchers/find/tapes/tape033/tape033.php. George Allen is conversation 41.

Sixteen minutes later, Colson: Conversation 47. Conversation 47.

An hour and a half later, Colson: Conversation 52. Conversation 52.

"Mr. President, you've done the impossible!": Conversation 59. Conversation 59.

Henry Kissinger oozed: Conversation 60. Conversation 60.

Then, in an astonis.h.i.+ng: Conversation 62. Conversation 62.

One night in April of 1971: "5 Democrats Ask Nixon to Set Date for Pullout," NYT, April 23, 1971. "5 Democrats Ask Nixon to Set Date for Pullout," NYT, April 23, 1971.

Election results: Reeves, President Nixon, President Nixon, 541; White, 541; White, Making of the President 1972, Making of the President 1972, 34145. 34145.

Harry Dent comforted him: Conversation 69. Conversation 69. "Freeze them!": "Freeze them!": Reeves, Reeves, President Nixon, President Nixon, 543. 543.

"The opposition line will be": Reeves, Reeves, President Nixon, President Nixon, 54142. 54142.