The Island at the Center of the World Part 11

Tekel or Balance . . . : G. M. Asher, G. M. Asher, Dutch Books and Pamphlets Relating to New-Netherland, Dutch Books and Pamphlets Relating to New-Netherland, 122123. 122123.

"a rundlet of sugar": Governour Bradford's Letter Book, Governour Bradford's Letter Book, 3:5354, reprinted in Stokes, 3:5354, reprinted in Stokes, Iconography, Iconography, 4:70. 4:70.

"a noise of trumpets": Ibid., 3:5455, reprinted in Stokes, Iconography, Iconography, 4:71. 4:71.

"True . . . this island": Jameson, Narratives, Narratives, 122. 122.

CHAPTER 4 4.

Charles I: The main sources I have used in constructing my portrait of Charles are Charles Carlton, Charles I: The Personal Monarch; Charles I: The Personal Monarch; Pauline Gregg, Pauline Gregg, King Charles I; King Charles I; Lucy Aikin, Lucy Aikin, Memoirs of the Court of King Charles the First; Memoirs of the Court of King Charles the First; and J. P. Kenyon, and J. P. Kenyon, The Stuarts: A Study in English Kings.h.i.+p. The Stuarts: A Study in English Kings.h.i.+p.

"Ess.e.x miles": J. P. h.o.r.e, The History of Newmarket and the Annals of the Turf, The History of Newmarket and the Annals of the Turf, 1:155. 1:155.

William Harvey: Ibid., 2:18.

in a single racing season: R. C. Lyle, Royal Newmarket, Royal Newmarket, 11. 11.

couldn't stand French people: C. V. Wedgwood, The Political Career of Peter Paul Rubens, The Political Career of Peter Paul Rubens, 45. 45.

emigrate to Canada: Carlton, Charles I, Charles I, 184. 184.

"but I must tell you": Kenyon, The Stuarts, The Stuarts, 9899. Emphasis added. 9899. Emphasis added.

"the enemy": Docs. Rel., 1:55.

Rubens also introduced: Carlton, Charles I, Charles I, 125, 144145. 125, 144145.

"We cannot perceive": Docs. Rel., 1:49.

"this intrigue was set": Docs. Rel., 1:45.

"brought againe to the torture": East India Company, A True Relation Of The Uniust, Cruell, And Barbarous Proceedings against the English at Amboyna In the East-Indies . . . , E3. A True Relation Of The Uniust, Cruell, And Barbarous Proceedings against the English at Amboyna In the East-Indies . . . , E3.

"the most a.s.sured and civill": East India Company, A Remonstrance Of The Directors Of The Netherlands East India Company, presented to the Lords States Generall of the united Provinces, in defence of the said Companie, touching the bloudy proceedings against the English Merchants, executed at Amboyna, C2. A Remonstrance Of The Directors Of The Netherlands East India Company, presented to the Lords States Generall of the united Provinces, in defence of the said Companie, touching the bloudy proceedings against the English Merchants, executed at Amboyna, C2.

"Bring more candles": John Dryden, Amboyna: A Tragedy. As it is Acted By Their Majesties Servants. Amboyna: A Tragedy. As it is Acted By Their Majesties Servants.

"barber-surgeon": Paul Zumthor, Daily Life in Rembrandt's Holland, Daily Life in Rembrandt's Holland, 15557. 15557.

By sheer luck, the journal: My account of Van den Bogaert's journey comes from his journal and the commentary on it published in Harmen Meyndertsz van den Bogaert, A Journey into Mohawk and Oneida Country, 16341635, A Journey into Mohawk and Oneida Country, 16341635, translated and edited by Charles T. Gehring, William A. Starna, and Gunther Michelson, and on interviews with Charles Gehring and Iroquois scholar Gunther Michelson. translated and edited by Charles T. Gehring, William A. Starna, and Gunther Michelson, and on interviews with Charles Gehring and Iroquois scholar Gunther Michelson.

"shoot!": This is how Van den Bogaert gives it; Michelson says it actually means "shoot again."

"As soon as they arrived": Van den Bogaert, A Journey into Mohawk, A Journey into Mohawk, 10. 10.

"This white man": The chant, as recorded by Van den Bogaert: "ha a.s.sironi atsimachkoo kent oyakaying wee onneyatte onaondage koyockwe hoo senoto wanyagweganne hoo schenehalaton kasten kanosoni ynd.i.c.ko." "ha a.s.sironi atsimachkoo kent oyakaying wee onneyatte onaondage koyockwe hoo senoto wanyagweganne hoo schenehalaton kasten kanosoni ynd.i.c.ko." The words The words kaying wee, onneyatte, onaondage, koyockwe, hoo senotowany kaying wee, onneyatte, onaondage, koyockwe, hoo senotowany refer, respectively, to the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations. In an interview (February 7, 2002), Gunther Michelson, who translated the Mohawk for the 1988 publication of Van den Bogaert's journal, gave me his rendering of the chant. refer, respectively, to the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations. In an interview (February 7, 2002), Gunther Michelson, who translated the Mohawk for the 1988 publication of Van den Bogaert's journal, gave me his rendering of the chant.

man, woman, prost.i.tute: Van den Bogaert, Journey into Mohawk Country, Journey into Mohawk Country, 5263. 5263.

an English trader sailed: This incident comes from David de Vries's journal, published in J. F. Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland, 16091664, Narratives of New Netherland, 16091664, 186234. 186234.

A letter written: Jaap Jacobs, "A Troubled Man: Director Wouter van Twiller and the Affairs of New Netherland in 1635."

Ramparts . . . boathouse: NYHM, NYHM, 1:108109. 1:108109.

Willem Blauvelt: Ibid., 2:162, 267, 323, 373.

"commit adultery": Ibid., 4:89.

"what he was doing": Charles Gehring, trans. and ed. Council Minutes, 16551656, Council Minutes, 16551656, 6869. 6869.

Simon Root: NYHM, NYHM, 4:36061. 4:36061.

Jan Premero: Ibid., 97100.

The Giant went free: My thanks to Firth Haring Fabend for sharing with me her notion that this case was a form of "leniency."

"Piere Malenfant": NYHM, NYHM, 4:269. 4:269.

"dishonorably manipulated": Ibid., 49.

"her petticoat upon her knees": Ibid., 1:107.

Griet was on board, too: Some details on Reyniers and Van Salee come from Leo Hershkowitz, "The Troublesome Turk."

hazardous crossing: Mariana G. Van Rensselaer, History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth Century, History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth Century, 1:119. 1:119.

"the s.h.i.+rts of some": NYHM, NYHM, 4:46. 4:46.

"I have long enough": Ibid., 1:70.

measure the p.e.n.i.ses: Ibid., 4:46.

"a Turk, a rascal": Ibid., 1:11.

"If you do not know": Ibid., 67.

"as good neighbors": Docs. Rel., 3:18.

Van Rensselaer exaggerated somewhat: A. J. F. van Laer, trans., Van Rensselaer Bowier Ma.n.u.scripts, Van Rensselaer Bowier Ma.n.u.scripts, 307. 307.

"two days' journey": Ibid., 166, 181.

CHAPTER 5 5.

its population: A. T. van Deursen, Plain Lives in a Golden Age, Plain Lives in a Golden Age, 11. 11.

Treasure of Health: Simon Schama, Simon Schama, Embarra.s.sment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age, Embarra.s.sment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age, 557. 557.

one-half of all books: Keith L. Sprunger, Trumpets from the Tower: English Puritan Printing in the Netherlands, 16001640, Trumpets from the Tower: English Puritan Printing in the Netherlands, 16001640, 29. 29.

"refuse no honest": K. H. D. Haley, The The Dutch in the Seventeenth Century, Dutch in the Seventeenth Century, 167. 167.

"each person shall": Translated from E. H. Kossman and A. F. Mellink, eds., Texts Concerning the Revolt of the Netherlands, Texts Concerning the Revolt of the Netherlands, 165. 165.

In the 1620s: On the Dutch tolerance debates, I have relied on Jonathan Israel, "The Intellectual Debate About Toleration in the Dutch Republic"; Jonathan Israel, "Toleration in Seventeenth-Century Dutch and English Thought"; and James Homer Williams, "'Abominable Religion' and Dutch (In)tolerance: The Jews and Peter Stuyvesant."

"Many will be": M. E. H. N. Mout, "Limits and Debates: A Comparative View of Dutch Toleration in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries," 41.

the tolerance advocates: Ibid., 46.

His Discourses: Discourses: Dava Sobel, Dava Sobel, Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love, Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love, 302. 302.

forty gallons of wine: Haley, Dutch in the Seventeenth Century, Dutch in the Seventeenth Century, 118. 118.

"in the academic Garden": T. H. Lunsingh Scheurleer and G. H. M. Posthumus Meyjes, Leiden University in the Seventeenth Century, Leiden University in the Seventeenth Century, 280. 280.

Reinier de Graaf: Ibid., 283.

"elegant law": R. Feenstra and C. J. D. Waal, Seventeenth-Century Leyden Law Professors and Their Influence on the Development of the Civil Law, Seventeenth-Century Leyden Law Professors and Their Influence on the Development of the Civil Law, 911. 911.

"from its conformity": Edward Dumbauld, The Life and Legal Writings of Hugo Grotius, The Life and Legal Writings of Hugo Grotius, 62. 62.

Cunaeus: Richard Tuck, Philosophy and Government, 15721651, Philosophy and Government, 15721651, 16669. 16669.

pipe tobacco: Schama, Embarra.s.sment of Riches, Embarra.s.sment of Riches, 195. 195.

"it is not permissible": The quote and a.n.a.lysis of the Dutch home come from Witold Rybczynski, Home: A Short History of an Idea, Home: A Short History of an Idea, Chapter 3. Chapter 3.

Descartes: On Descartes' time in and around Leiden, including his a.s.sociations and battles with professors there, I am relying on Stephen Gaukroger, Descartes: An Intellectual Biography, Descartes: An Intellectual Biography, 32186. 32186.

"as soon as my age": Rene Descartes, Discourse on Method, Discourse on Method, 44. 44.

"In general, the affairs": A. J. F. van Laer, Van Rensselaer Bowier Ma.n.u.scripts, Van Rensselaer Bowier Ma.n.u.scripts, 520. 520.

Getting experienced workers: Janny Venema, "Beverwijck: A Dutch Village on the American Frontier, 16521664," 36667; Oliver Rink, Holland on the Hudson, Holland on the Hudson, 152. 152.

"When convenient": Van Laer, Van Rensselaer Bowier Ma.n.u.scripts, Van Rensselaer Bowier Ma.n.u.scripts, 524. 524.

"it is named": Adriaen van der Donck, A Description of the New Netherlands, A Description of the New Netherlands, trans. Jeremias Johnson, ed. Thomas F. O'Donnell, 7. trans. Jeremias Johnson, ed. Thomas F. O'Donnell, 7.

Gillis Verbrugge: Oliver Rink, "Unraveling a Secret Colonialism, Part I," 14.

Dirck de Wolff: Ibid., 15.

baker as s.h.i.+p's captain: NYHM NYHM 3, 81. 3, 81.

looseness of society: On the "mult.i.tasking" of New Amsterdam residents, I am relying on Dennis Maika, "Commerce and Community: Manhattan Merchants in the Seventeenth Century," 3859.

Govert Loockermans: David M. Riker, "Govert Loockermans: Free Merchant of New Amsterdam."

"tortured the chief's brother": J. F. Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland, 16091664, Narratives of New Netherland, 16091664, 208. 208.

home of the pirate: Information on the location of Loockerman's home comes from Diane Dallal, archaeologist with New York Unearthed.

inventory of his property: NYHM NYHM 1, 32022. 1, 32022.

four hundred inhabitants: French priest Isaac Jogues, visiting five years later, estimated the population at between four and five hundred; it is from him that the figure of eighteen languages comes. Jameson, Narratives, Narratives, 259. 259.

"a mean barn": Ibid., 212.

minister's house and stable: I. N. P. Stokes, ed., Iconography of Manhattan Island, 14981909, Iconography of Manhattan Island, 14981909, 4:78, 79. 4:78, 79.

Juriaen and Philip Geraerdy: NYHM NYHM 1, 33637. 1, 33637.

"a dwelling house": Ibid., 33839.

"30 tuns of fine salt": Ibid., 34749.

No sooner had the s.h.i.+p: Commentators have referred to the s.h.i.+p arriving on August 20, 1641. I believe they are relying on De Vries's journal, in which he gives this date (Jameson, Narratives, Narratives, 211). But the fact that the skipper of the s.h.i.+p was in New Amsterdam entering into contract with a merchant for the next delivery on July 30, 1641, doesn't fit with this. My guess is that De Vries got the month wrong, and that perhaps the s.h.i.+p arrived on July 20. 211). But the fact that the skipper of the s.h.i.+p was in New Amsterdam entering into contract with a merchant for the next delivery on July 30, 1641, doesn't fit with this. My guess is that De Vries got the month wrong, and that perhaps the s.h.i.+p arrived on July 20.

"sail with the first": NYHM NYHM 1:34142. 1:34142.

"a silver-plated rapier": Van Laer, Van Rensselaer Bowier Ma.n.u.scripts, Van Rensselaer Bowier Ma.n.u.scripts, 204. The description pertains to the previous, shortlived 204. The description pertains to the previous, shortlived schout; schout; I am a.s.suming that Van der Donck would have received the same badges of office. I am a.s.suming that Van der Donck would have received the same badges of office.

CHAPTER 6 6.

inn of Peter de Winter: James Riker, Revised History of Harlem, Revised History of Harlem, 132. 132.

"the just half": NYHM NYHM 1:19. 1:19.