Lincoln Part 168

564 "the proposed Senators?": CW, 8:206207.

564 "and a wrong": Donald, Sumner, p. 204.

564 "centralized power": Nicolay and Hay, 10:85.

565 on his arm: Donald, Sumner, pp. 205207.

565 "at home and abroad": Herbert Mitgang, ed., Abraham Lincoln: A Press Portrait (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), p. 440.

565 "end to end": P. J. Staudenraus, ed.The Irrelevancy of the 'Wadsworth Letter,'" , Mr. Lincoln's Was.h.i.+ngton (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1967), p. 419.

565 "from her escutcheon": CW, 8:216217, 235.

565 "melancholy reflections": Adolphe de Chambrun, Impressions of Lincoln and the Civil War (New York: Random House, 1952), p. 37.

565 "Johnson speak outside": For a full account of Johnson's performance, see George Fort Milton, The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson and the Radicals (New York: Coward-McCann, 1930), pp. 145148.

565 "over the scene": For Lincoln's appearance at this time, see the photographs made by Henry F. Warren on the White House balcony, March 6, 1865, in Charles A. Hamilton and Lloyd Ostendorf, Lincoln in Photographs: An Alb.u.m of Every Known Pose (Dayton, Ohio: Morningside, 1985), p. 400.

566 "of prosperous peace": Salmon P. Chase to Mary Lincoln, Mar. 4, 1865, Lincoln MSS, LC. Most observers said the sun came out when Lincoln began to speak. Chase, as usual self-centered, thought it burst forth when he stepped forward to administer the oath of office.

566 the most memorable: The text is in CW, 8:332333. The most thoughtful a.n.a.lysis of the second inaugural is William Lee Miller, "Lincoln's Second Inaugural: The Zenith of Statecraft," Center Magazine 13 (July-Aug. 1980): 5364.

566 "governing the world": CW, 8:356.

567 "of either party": CW, 5:403404.

567 of exact retribution: Ernest Lee Tuveson, Redeemer Nation: The Idea of America's Millennial Role (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), pp. 206208.

567 "the offence cometh!": Matthew 18:7. (The Revised Standard Version offers a clearer translation of this somewhat puzzling verse: "Woe to the world for temptations to sin! For it is necessary that temptations come, but woe to the man by whom the temptation comes.") See Fred Somkin, "Scripture Notes to Lincoln's Second Inaugural," Civil War History 27 (June 1981): 172173. For other biblical quotations and resonances in the second inaugural, see Herbert Joseph Edwards and John Erskine Hankins, Lincoln the Writer (Orono: University of Maine, 1962), pp. 104105.

567 "righteous altogether'": Psalms 19:9.

567 never ending bloodshed: For astute commentary, see Don E. Fehrenbacher, Lincoln in Text and Context (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1987), pp. 162163.

567 "altar of Freedom": CW, 8:116117. The later discovery that only two of Mrs. Bixby's sons were killed does not diminish the sincerity or eloquence of Lincoln's letter. See F. Lauriston Bullard, Abraham Lincoln & the Widow Bixby (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1946). For years there has been controversy over John Hay's a.s.sertion that he, rather than the President, was the author of the Bixby letter. Most experts question Hay's claim, of which we have only indirect reports made many years later. See the pungent article in Mark E. Neely, Jr., The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), pp. 2829. But the question has recently been reopened by Michael Burlingame, who offers some suggestive but far from conclusive evidence pointing toward Hay's authors.h.i.+p in "New Light on the Bixby Letter," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation 16 (1995): 5971.

568 "printed in gold": Mitgang, Abraham Lincoln: A Press Portrait, pp. 440, 442.

568 away his ma.n.u.script: CW, 8:356; Christopher N. Breiseth, "Lincoln and Frederick Dougla.s.s: Another Debate," JISHS 68 (Feb. 1975): 22; Carpenter, Six Months, p. 234.

568 organically wrong: It has been suggested that Lincoln's fatigue-as well as other characteristics, such as his exceptional height, his elongated fingers and large feet, and his problems with his eyes-was the result of the Marfan syndrome, a hereditary disorder of the connective tissues, manifested in skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular disorders. The evidence for this diagnosis is slim; it is based on the occurrence of the Marfan syndrome in several twentieth-century members of the Lincoln family and on inferences from the President's physical appearance. For a fascinating exploration of the whole issue, see Gabor S. Boritt and Adam Borit, "Lincoln and the Marfan Syndrome: The Medical Diagnosis of a Historical Figure," Civil War History 29 (Sept. 1983): 213229, which concludes: "The available evidence does not indicate that Lincoln suffered from the Marfan syndrome." For a lighthearted a.n.a.lysis of the problem, see Gabor S. Boritt, How Big Was Lincoln's Toe? or Finding a Footnote (Redlands, Calif.: Lincoln Memorial Shrine, 1989). See also Harold Schwartz, "Abraham Lincoln and the Marfan Syndrome" Journal of the American Medical a.s.sociation 187 (Feb. 15,1964): 490495; Harvey J. Wilner and Nathaniel Finby, "Skeletal Manifestations in the Marfan Syndrome," ibid., 187 (Feb. 15, 1964): 128133; and Harriet F. Durham, "Lincoln's Sons and the Marfan Syndrome," LH 79 (Summer 1977): 6771.1 have also profited from a correspondence with d.i.c.k Levinson, of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, concerning the proposal to clone Lincoln's DNA in order to determine whether the President suffered from the Marfan syndrome.

568 that they steamed: Joshua F. Speed, Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln and Notes of a Visit to California-Two Lectures (Louisville, Ky.: John P. Morton and Co., 1884), pp. 2628.

568 "next four years": Elizabeth Keckley, Behind the Scenes (Buffalo: Stansil & Lee, 1931), p. 155.

569 of theatrical entertainment: On Lincoln and the theater, see David C. Mearns, "Act Well Your Part," in his Largely Lincoln (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1961), pp. 114149.