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457 "hit on the head": Ibid., p. 106.
458 "in five days": Chase, Diary, pp. 201203.
458 "beyond all hopes": James W. Grimes to AL, Oct. 14, 1863; James M. Scovel to AL, Oct. 11, 1863; Salmon P. Chase to AL, Oct. 14, 1863, all in Lincoln MSS, LC.
458 "against the Democracy": W. H. Hurlbut to Samuel L. M. Barlow, Sept. 11, 1863, Barlow MSS, HEH.
458 "our wonderful majority": Israel Washburn to AL, Sept. 15, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.
459 "honesty, have won": Chicago Tribune, Nov. 3, 1863.
459 "numerous cousins": CW, 6:537.
459 "worthy of the occasion": CW, 6:319320.
460 "conditions of Peace": Greeley to John G. Nicolay, June 14,1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.
460 "will be crushed": Forbes to AL, Sept. 8, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC
460 "a few appropriate remarks": David Wills to AL, Nov. 2, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.
460 for this reason: Frank L. Klement, "Ward H. Lamon and the Dedication of the Soldiers' Cemetery at Gettysburg," Civil War History 31 (Dec. 1985): 293308.
460 on November 19: Of the many studies of the Gettysburg Address, Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg, is by far the best; it largely supersedes William E. Barton, Lincoln at Gettysburg (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1930). Louis A. Warren, Lincoln's Gettysburg Declaration: "A New Birth of Freedom" (Fort Wayne, Ind.: Lincoln National Life Foundation, 1964), contains much valuable information. Also useful is F. Lauriston Bullard, "A Few Appropriate Remarks": Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (Harrogate, Tenn.: Lincoln Memorial University, 1944). Philip B. Kunhardt, Jr., A New Birth of Freedom: Lincoln at Gettysburg (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1983), is an excellent pictorial history.
461 "here be dedicated": David C. Mearns and Lloyd A. Dunlap, eds., Long Remembered: Facsimiles of the Five Versions of the Gettysburg Address in the Handwriting of Abraham Lincoln (Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1963), reproduces all the known copies in Lincoln's own hand. Except where otherwise identified, all quotations in the following pages are taken from what is known as the Bliss copy, which represents Lincoln's final revision of the address.
461 half of his address: John G. Nicolay, "Lincoln's Gettysburg Address," Century Magazine 47 (Feb. 1894): 597.
461 write it all out: There has been an immense amount of inconsequential controversy over just when and where Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address-at the White House, on the train going to the ceremonies, on the night before the dedication at Wills's house, on the morning of the ceremony. Compare the interminable and inconclusive discussions of this topic with the almost total neglect of significant questions like why Lincoln accepted this invitation and what he hoped to accomplish with his speech.
461 "all the people": Barton, Lincoln at Gettysburg, pp. 132, 135. Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg, pp. 105120, shows similarities between Parker and Lincoln, not just in words but in ideas-especially in ideas about the Declaration of Independence.
461 an hourgla.s.s form: James Hurt, "All the Living and the Dead: Lincoln's Imagery," American Literature 52 (Nov. 1980): 351380, offers an insightful a.n.a.lysis of the form and imagery of the Gettysburg Address.
461 Everett would say: Noah Brooks's recollection (Was.h.i.+ngton in Lincoln's Time [New York: Century Co., 1895], p. 285) that Lincoln had advance proofs of Everett's speech on November 15 is unreliable. Everett's address was not set in type until the late afternoon of November 14, and it would have been impossible for the President to have a copy the next day. David C. Mearns, "Unknown at This Address," in Allan Nevins, ed., Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1964), pp. 122124.
462 used five times: James M. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. viii.
462 "obstetric a.n.a.logies": New York World, Nov. 27, 1863.
462 power of the Declaration: Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg, has most ably made this point.
462 272 words: The word count of the Gettysburg Address depends on which of Lincoln's autograph versions is used, whether hyphenated words are counted as one or two, and whether the t.i.tle, the date, and, in some cases, Lincoln's signature are counted. The present count is from the Bliss copy.
463 "bury the dead": James G. Smart, ed., A Radical View: The "Agate" Dispatches of Whitelaw Reid (Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1976), 2:151152. The witticism was also credited to Thaddeus Stevens.
463 black manservant: CW, 10:210211.
