Government and Administration of the United States Part 12

Ordinance of 1787.

For text and comments see _Old South Leaflet_ No 13 (Heath & Co., price five cents). For _The United States Const.i.tution and the Ordinance of_ 1787 _in Relation to Education_, see Magazine of American History, September, 1888. See also Papers of the American Historical a.s.sociation, Vol. III; pamphlets by Dr. Poole and F.D. Stone, and Sato's _History of the Land Question in the United States_, Johns Hopkins University Studies, Series IV.

Territories.

The reports of the Governors of the various territories to the Secretary of the Interior furnish an official source of information. Regarding the government of, and conditions of admission of territories as States, see especially Bannatyne's _Republican Inst.i.tutions in the United States_.

State Governments.

For the text of State const.i.tutions see B.P. Poore's _Federal and State Const.i.tutions, Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Lows of the United States_, in two vols. (1877), published by the government. For further information regarding State const.i.tutions consult Davis' _American Const.i.tutions_, in the Johns Hopkins University Studies, Series III; Jameson's _Introduction to the Const.i.tutional and Political History of the States_, Johns Hopkins University Studies, Series IV; and Hitchc.o.c.k's _American State Const.i.tutions_ (Putnam's "Questions of the Day" series). See also of course Bryce's _American Commonwealth_. For _Recent Tendencies in State Activities_, see paper by W.F. Willoughby, to be published in the "Papers of the American Historical a.s.sociation,"

Vol. V., and articles by Dr. Albert Shaw, ent.i.tled _American State Legislatures_, in Contemporary Review, October, 1889, and _The American State and the American Man_, in the same review for May, 1887. The _Forum_ for November, 1890, contains an interesting description of the _Six New States_, by Senator Cullom. For histories of the individual States, see the series of "American Commonwealths," edited by H.E.

Scudder, and published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Those for Connecticut, Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Kansas, California, Maryland, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Colorado, Oregon, and Virginia, have already appeared.

Local Government.

Among authorities on Local Government are various monographs upon this subject in the several States, contributed to the _Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science_. See also Bryce and Bannatyne.

City Government.

See J.H.U. _Studies_, Vol. IV, Nos. 4, 10; Vol. V, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4; Vol.

VII, Nos. 1, 3, 4. Also supplementary volume, _Philadelphia, 1681-1887: a History of Munic.i.p.al Development_, by Allinson and Penrose. Simon Sterne has an able article on "Cities" in Lalor's _Encyclopaedia_. See also chapters in Bryce's great work, and articles in the Political Science Quarterly for June, 1887, and June, 1889; Forum, Vol. II, pp.

260, 539; and Quarterly Journal of Economics, January, 1890.

The report of the New York Commission on "_A Plan for a New Government of New York_," 1876, is valuable, as are also several of ex-Mayor Hewitt's messages. Prof. Gniest has a suggestive article on Berlin, the best governed city in the world, in the _Contemporary Review_, Vol. 46.

Shaw's article on Glasgow in the Century, March, 1890, is likewise instructive. Spofford's _City of Was.h.i.+ngton and Growth of United States Cities_ is interesting. Ely's _Taxation in American States and Cities_ contains many excellent suggestions for improvements in our methods of munic.i.p.al administration. See also Ely's _Problems of To-day_. Putnam is publis.h.i.+ng a series ent.i.tled _Great Cities of the Republic_. The Stories of New York, Boston and Was.h.i.+ngton have thus far appeared.

Government Revenue and Expenditure.

Federal and State finance reports furnish official information.

Seligman's _Finances of American States and Cities_, published by the American Statistical a.s.sociation, 1890, is valuable, and furnishes excellent statistical and tabulated information. Ely's _Taxation in American States and Cities_ contains much information. Spofford's article on _The Budget_ in Lalor's _Encyclopaedia_ is extremely instructive. H.C. Adams' _Public Debts_ is one of the ablest financial works in the English language. The proper administration of Federal and State finances is discussed, and the subject of national and local debts considered. Bolle's _Financial History of the United States_, in three large volumes, is an able work, and can be consulted with profit.

Census Bulletins, Nos. 6 and 7, describe respectively _The Indebtedness of States in 1880 and 1890_, and _The Financial Condition of Counties_.

Money.

See reports of the Director of the Mint, and of the Comptroller of the Currency. See also Knox's _United States Notes_; Simmer's _History of American Currency_, and text-books on _Political Economy_.

Public Lands of the United States.

Sato's _History of the Land Question in the United States_, Johns Hopkins University Studies, Series IV, is the best book for reference.

The official source of information regarding the public lands is Donaldson's enormous report of 1341 pages on _The Public Domain: its History with Statistics_ (1884), published by the government (House Executive Doc.u.ments 47, Part 4, 46th Congress, 3d Session.) For a short account of _The Disposition of Our Public Lands_, see an article by A.B.

Hart, in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, January, 1887. Statistical tables are appended to this article.

Reconstruction.

See Johnston's article in Lalor's _Encyclopaedia_, and authorities there cited. Also McPherson's _History of Reconstruction_, Dunning's _United Stales Const.i.tution in Civil War and in Reconstruction_, and W.E.

Foster's _References on the United States Const.i.tution in Civil War_, about to be published (1891).

Party Machinery and National Conventions.

See especially Bryce's _American Commonwealth_, and Ostrogorski's _Organisation des parties politiques aux Etats-Unis_. On the Caucus see Whitridge's _The Caucus System_, published as "Economic Tract" No. 8, by the Society for Political Education, New York.

Political Parties.

Winsor's _Narrative and Critical History of America_ contains a short history of political parties by Professor Alexander Johnston. See also Johnston's admirable manual, _History of American Politics_, a book especially adapted for school use. Von Holst's _Const.i.tutional and Political History of the United States_, six volumes, contains the most comprehensive treatment of the history of political parties. Schouler's _History of the United States under the Const.i.tution_, is an exceedingly able and interesting work. Four volumes bring this history down to 1847.

The fifth volume soon to appear, will bring the narrative down to the Civil War.

The first volume of Von Holst is especially interesting, as giving statements of the various theories held regarding the origin and nature of our const.i.tution. Upon Nullification and Secession, see Von Holst's _Life of Calhoun_; Stephens' _War between the States_; Greeley's _American Conflict_; McPherson's _Political History of the Rebellion_; and articles in Lalor's _Encyclopaedia_. The _American Statesman Series_, now being published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., contains valuable biographies of leading American statesmen. See especially in this series Schurz's _Henry Clay_; Morse's _Jefferson_; Lodge's _Webster_; and Von Holst's _Calhoun_. Upon the Economic contrasts between the North and South, see Von Holst's Const.i.tutional History, Vol. I, Chapters IX and X. Taussig's _History of the Tariff_, gives the best history of this much debated subject.