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127 Ibid.
CHAPTER FIVE: INDEPENDENCE.
1 Pennsylvania Gazette, July 3, 1776.
2 HSP, Dreer Collection, Marine Committee to John Barry, July 2, 1776.
3 Ibid.
4 HSP, Dreer Collection, Marine Committee to John Barry, July 2, 1776.
5 PA Archives, Second Series, I, 621-624; PA Archives, Record Group 27, Supreme Executive Council Records, William Goodrich to John Goodrich, Jr.; Pennsylvania Gazette, August 7, 1776.
6 PA Archives, Record Group 27, Supreme Executive Council Records, William Goodrich to John Goodrich, Jr.; Pennsylvania Gazette, August 7, 1776.
7 PA Archives, Record Group 27, Supreme Executive Council Records, William Goodrich to John Goodrich, Jr.
8 Maryland Gazette, September 2, 1776.
9 NDAR, vol. 6, 63-64, Josiah Bartlett to John Langdon, August 5, 1776.
10 PA Archives, Record Group 27, Supreme Executive Council Records, William Goodrich to John Goodrich, Jr., September 5, 1776.
11 Ibid.
12 Dale, "Biographical Memoir of Richard Dale."
13 Pennsylvania Packet, September 10, 1776.
14 b.u.t.terfield, ed., Adams Papers, vol. 2, 74; NDAR, vol. 6, 63-64, Josiah Bartlett to John Langdon.
15 PA Archives, Record Group 27, William Goodrich to John Goodrich, Jr., September 5, 1776; NDAR, vol. 6, 1013-1014.
16 Dale, "Biographical Memoir of Richard Dale."
17 NDAR, vol. 6, 1011, Trial and Condemnation of the British Sloop Betsey in the Pennsylvania Admiralty Court, September 26, 1776; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 101.
18 Barry's Pet.i.tion to Congress, quoted in Clark, Gallant John Barry, 102; ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, Memorial, 1785.
19 Pennsylvania Packet, September 10, 1776.
20 NDAR, vol. 6, 877, Minutes of the Pennsylvania Council of Safety, September 17, 1776.
21 NDAR, vol. 6, 715-716, Extract from Marine Committee Minutes, Continental Navy Uniforms, September 5, 1776.
22 Thomas, John Paul Jones, 85-86.
23 JCC, VI, 860-862, 865.
24 Fowler, Rebels Under Sail, 228-229.
25 Morison, John Paul Jones, 118.
26 Thomas, John Paul Jones, 77.
27 Morgan, "John Barry: A Most Fervent Patriot," 51.
28 Miller, Sea of Glory, 284; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 106; Pennsylvania Packet, January 4, 1777; NDAR, vol. 7, 11-12, William Hooper to Joseph Hewes, November 1, 1776.
29 NDAR, vol. 7, 11-12, William Hooper to Joseph Hewes, November 1, 1776.
30 Millar, American s.h.i.+ps of the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods, 285.
31 NDAR, vol. 7, 78-79, Commodore Sir Peter Parker to Phillip Stephens, November 17, 1776.
32 PA Archives, First Series, V, 66; NDAR, vol. 7, 284.
33 Tinkcom, "The Revolutionary City, 17651783," 118-128.
34 HSP, Christopher Marshall Diaries, November 12, 17, 1776.
35 UVL, Hamond Papers, No. 6, November 25-December 31, 1776.
36 JCC, November 30, 1776.
37 HSP, Woodhouse Collection, "Commissioners of Naval Stores in Account with the Continental Frigate Effingham," March-December 1776.
38 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, "Return of Muster Rolls"; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 108; JCC, November 30, 1776.
39 Doerflinger, A Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 43.
40 HSP, Cadwalader Papers, Series II, Was.h.i.+ngton to Cadwalader, December 7, 1776.
41 HSP, Cadwalader Papers, Series II, "An Account of Artillery Officers," December 16, 1776.
42 HSP, Christopher Marshall Diaries, December 11, 1776.
43 Tinkcom, "The Revolutionary City, 17651783," 129.
44 NDAR, vol. 7, 528-535, Robert Morris to Deane, December 20, 1776.
45 NDAR, vol. 7, 528-535.
46 Fischer, Was.h.i.+ngton's Crossing, 396; Fleming, Liberty, 95. Contrary to legend, Rall was concerned about a possible American attack across the Delaware.
47 NDAR, vol. 7, 543, HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Colonel John Cadwalader to Pennsylvania Council of Safety, December 21, 1776.
48 Fischer, Was.h.i.+ngton's Crossing, 196.
49 NDAR, vol. 7, 595-596; LOC, GWP, Was.h.i.+ngton to Robert Morris, December 25, 1776.
50 LOC, GWP, Cadwalader to Was.h.i.+ngton, December 25, 1776.
51 Fleming, Liberty, 96.
52 UVL, Hamond Papers, no. 6, January 1777.
53 LOC, GWP, Cadwalader to Was.h.i.+ngton, December 27, 1776; Was.h.i.+ngton to Cadwalader, December 28, 1776.
54 Flexner, Was.h.i.+ngton, 97; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 110.
55 Quoted in Fleming, Liberty, 224, and Lancaster, The American Revolution, 166-67.
56 Fischer, Was.h.i.+ngton's Crossing, 327-334; Miller, Sea of Glory, 219; PA Archives, Second Series, I, 20.
57 Lancaster, The American Revolution, 167; Gurn, Commodore John Barry, 47; Fleming, Liberty, 224.
58 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, Memorial to Pennsylvania a.s.sembly, 1783.
59 LOC, GWP, Was.h.i.+ngton to Cornwallis, January 8, 1777.
60 Ibid.
61 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, "Return of Muster Rolls"; PA Archives, Second Series, vol. I, 20.
62 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 115.
63 Cooper, "Sketches of Naval Men," 48; PRO/Admiralty, 51/674, December 20, 1776, Journal, HMS Pearl, December 20, 1776.
64 NDAR, vol. 7, 574-577, Robert Morris to Hanc.o.c.k, December 23, 1776.
65 NDAR, vol. 7, 929-932, Robert Morris to Deane, January 11, 1777.
66 NDAR, vol. 7, 954.
67 Pennsylvania Gazette, March 12, 1777.
68 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, Sarah Barry Correspondence; NYHS, Barnes Collection, Barry Papers Correspondence; Keen, "The Descendants of Joran Kyn," 300, 484-91.
69 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, Last Will of Samuel Austin; Keen, "The Descendants of Joran Kyn," 485.
70 Christ Church Records, 1760.
71 Pennsylvania Gazette, various issues from October 19, 1765 to April 2, 1767.
72 ISM, Austin Will.
73 Pennsylvania Gazette, September 24, 1767.
74 Pennsylvania Gazette, February 28, 1775.
75 Keen, "The Descendants of Joran Kyn," 486.
76 Gurn, Commodore John Barry, 292-93 77 Keen, "The Descendants of Joran Kyn," 486; PA Archives, vol. I, 234.
78 Keen, "The Descendants of Joran Kyn," 486; Morison, John Paul Jones, 131.
79 David Library of the American Revolution (copy), PRO, A.O. 12/40/56: "The Memorial of William Austin, late of the City of Philadelphia," April, 1786.
80 HSP, Society Collection, Reynold Keen to Isaac Austin, August 5, 1776.
81 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, Last Will of Samuel Austin; Keen, "The Descendants of Joran Kyn," 485.
82 Watson, Annals, vol. II, "Occurences of the War of Independence," 295.
83 HSP, Christ Church Marriage Records, July 7, 1777.
CHAPTER SIX: LOW TIDE.
1 Brands, The First American, 170.
2 Hildeburn, "Francis Hopkinson," 315; Thayer, "Town into City, 1746-1765." 86-87.
3 Hastings, Life and Works of Francis Hopkinson, 68.
4 Peterson, Patriots, Pirates, and Pineys, 46.
5 Hastings, Life and Works of Francis Hopkinson 70-71.
6 Hildeburn, "Francis Hopkinson," 317.
7 Peterson, Patriots, Pirates, and Pineys, 46.
8 Ibid.
9 Fleming, Liberty, 248.
