English Histories - The Six Wives of Henry VIII Part 24

Next to nothing is known of Katherine of Aragon's daily life as Princess of Wales. Accounts of her brief marriage to Prince Arthur appear in Dulcie M. Ashdown'sPrincess of Wales(John Murray, 586r Bibliography 1979),Lives of the Princesses of Wales byM. B. Fryer, A. Bousfield and G. Toffoli (Dundurn Press, 1983) and Francis Jones'sThe Princes and Princ.i.p.ality of Wales(University of Wales, Cardiff, 1969). Prince Arthur's death is described by Bernaldes, and the breaking of the news of it to Henry VII by Leland inCollectanea.

3 Our daughter remains as she was here The major source for this chapter is the Spanish Calendar, which recounts the enquiries into Katherine's virginal status, negotiations for her marriage to Prince Henry, events leading up to the signing of the marriage treaty, negotiations with the Vatican for a dispensation, the text of the dispensations obtained, Queen Isabella's doubts as to its validity, negotiations for the payment of Katherine's dowry, her finances, her ill health and depression, her chafing at the restrictions imposed on her by etiquette, and Henry VII's treatment of her. Pope Julius's prevarication over the granting of a dispensation is mentioned inL & P.Hall is the source for Prince Henry's creation as Prince of Wales. The Prince's repudiation of his betrothal to Katherine is described by Lord Herbert.

4 Pain and annoyance The Spanish Calendar continues to be the major source for this period of Katherine's life: it describes the secret negotiations to find another bride for Prince Henry, Katherine's problems with her household and finances, the course of her illness and depression, the dispute over her dowry, her status at court, the visit of King Philip and Queen Juana to England, Henry VII's plans to marry Juana, Katherine's appointment as her father's amba.s.sador to the English court, her relations with Henry VII, with various Spanish diplomats, and with her confessor Fray Diego Fernandez, her correspondence, 587.

her reconciliation with Fuensalida who replaced her as amba.s.sador, and the reopening of negotiations for her marriage with Henry VIII after his father's death.

Another account of the visit of Philip andjuana is given in the; Cotton MSS. in the British Library. Prince Henry's letter is quotedI by Byrne. The account of Henry VII's death, and the summary of his reign and achievements is based on those given by Bacon and Carmelia.n.u.s. His wealth is referred to in the Venetian Calendar.i Henry VIII's love for Katherine of Aragon, his desire to marry her,r and his constant reiteration of this desire before their marriage isi vouched for by his cousin, Reginald Pole, inPro Ecclesiastical' Unitatis;, Defensione,1536, (Rome, 1698).I 5Sir Loyal Heart and the Tudor court Hall's Chronicle mentions the doubts felt by some about the validity of Henry VIII's proposed marriage to Katherine of Aragon. The wedding ceremony, and the date on which it took place, are recorded by Bernaldes.

Descriptions of Henry VIII's appearance appear in the Spanish Calendar, the Venetian Calendar, Cavendish'sLife of Cardinal Wolseyand the dispatches of the Venetian amba.s.sador Sebastian Giustinian, ed. L. Rawdon Brown inFour Years at the Court of Henry VIII(2 vols, Smith Elder and Co., 1854). The King's sporting and musical talents are described in the Spanish and Venetian Calendars,L & P,Hall's Chronicle, and the Milanese Calendar; his linguistic abilities are related in the Venetian Calendar and inL & P;his other accomplishments in the Venetian Calendar, which also mentions his piety, his genial informality, his popularity, his hatred of the French and the clothes he wore. His reluctance to attend, and boredom at, Council meetings, and his pursuit of frivolous pleasures in his early years are attested to by the Spanish and Milanese Calendars, and John Stow in hisAnnals.

Pageants, tournaments and court festivities are described in detail in Hall's Chronicle, the Venetian Calendar andFour Years at the 588r Bibliography Court of Henry VIII.The royal visit to Coventry is mentioned in the Harleian MSS. in the British Library. Henry and Katherine's inscriptions on her missal appear in the Kings' MSS. in the British Library. The plague of 1517 is mentioned by Hall. For Katherine of Aragon's visit to Merton College, Oxford, seeRegistum Annalium Collegii Mertonensisin the Library of Merton College, Oxford, and for her Chapel of Calvary see Stow'sLondon.Surviving examples of Katherine's needlework were described by John Taylor inThe Praise of the Needle(1634). The Spanish Calendar records Henry's correspondence with King Ferdinand, and Katherine's relations with Maria de Salinas, Fray Diego, and other members of her household.

6 A chaste and concordant wedlock The description of Henry VIII's coronation and the succeeding celebrations is derived from Hall's Chronicle. The Spanish Calendar records Henry and Katherine's early love for each other, details of Katherine's first pregnancy, the birth of a stillborn daughter in 1510, the conduct of Fray Diego and his dismissal, the FitzWalter affair, and the Queen's fall from favour in 1514. The ordinances for royal confinements are to be found in the State Papers. The Queen's taking to her chamber in December 1510 and the Christmas festivities at Richmond are described by Hall, who also recounts the birth and death of Prince Henry in 1511, the celebrations to mark the birth, and the grief of the King and Queen at their loss. The funeral of Prince Henry is mentioned in a ma.n.u.script in the Chapter House, Westminster Abbey.

Henry's farewell to Katherine and his departure for his campaign in France in 1513 are described by Hall. Details of the Flodden campaign are given in a letter from Sir Bryan Tuke to Richard Pace inL &P; Katherine's speech to her troops is reported in PeterMartyr:Opus Epistolarum Petri Martyris(published in Alcala deHenares, Spain, 1530); the losses at Flodden are recorded in the State Papers, and the events immediately following the battle are described by Hall. Henry's conduct on the French campaign is mentioned in 589.

the Milanese Calendar, and his return to England and reunion with Katherine is related by Hall.

Hall's Chronicle also gives details of Henry's anger at the perfidy of Ferdinand and Maximilian and the collapse of their triple alliance in 1514. The betrothal of the King's sister Mary Tudor to Louis XII is related in the Spanish and Venetian Calendars and in Hall's Chronicle. Hall also tells of the early death of Katherine's son, born in 1514. Henry VIII's distrust and jealousy of the new French King, Francis I, is recounted in the Venetian Calendar. For Francis I, see Desmond Seward'sPrince of the Renaissance(Constable, 1973) and R. J. Knecht'sFrancis I(Cambridge University Press, 1982). For Mary Tudor's marriage to Suffolk and her later life see Walter C. Richardson'sMary Tudor, the White Queen(Peter Owen, 1970) and Hester W. Chapman'sThe Sisters of Henry VIII(Jonathan Cape, 1969). Margaret Tudor's visit to London is recounted by Hall.

There are numerous references to Wolsey's growing power in the Venetian Calendar. For modern lives of the Cardinal, see A. F. Pollard'sWolsey(Longmans, Green and Co., 1929), Charles Ferguson'sNaked to mine Enemies: The Life of Cardinal Wolsey(Little, Brown, 1958), Neville Williams'sThe Cardinal and the Secretary(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975) and Jasper Ridley'sThe Statesman and the Fanatic(Constable, 1982). The birth and christening of the Princess Mary are described in Hall's Chronicle. There are several references to Henry's growing egotism in the Venetian Calendar. Sir Thomas More's friends.h.i.+p with the King and Queen and his rise to favour are detailed in the biography written by his son-in-law, William Roper,The Life of Sir Thomas More, Knight(publishedc.1556; ed. E. V. Hitchc.o.c.k, Early English Texts Society, vol. CXCVII, 1935). More's uprightness is attested to in the Spanish Calendar. Contemporary with Roper'sLifeis that by the Catholic historian Nicholas Harpsfield,The Life and Death of Sir Thomas More(publishedc.1557; ed. E. V. Hitchc.o.c.k and R. W. Chambers, Early English Texts Society, 1932). Selected letters of Sir Thomas More were edited by Elizabeth Frances Rogers (1961). More has attracted several biographers this century: Algernon Cecil,A Portrait of Thomas More, Scholar, Statesman, Saint(John Murray, 1937), Leslie Paul,Sir Thomas More(1953), E. E. Reynolds,The Field is Won(Burns and Oates, 1968), and, for revised and less sympathetic a.s.sessments, Jasper Ridley,The 590.

Statesman and the Fanatic(Constable, 1982) and Richard Marius,Thomas More(Dent, 1984).

Katherine of Aragon's last pregnancy is detailed inL & Pand the Venetian Calendar, the latter relating the birth of a daughter who died soon afterwards. Descriptions of the Princess Mary in childhood are to be found in the Spanish Calendar, the Venetian Calendar, Pollino, and theDiariiof Marino Sanuto (ed. R. Fulin, F. Stefani et al., 59 vols, Venice, 1879-1903). Hall relates the Princess's betrothal to the Dauphin, 1518. The birth of Henry FitzRoy is recorded by Hall, and public outrage at the marriage arranged by Wolsey for Elizabeth Blount is attested to in L& P.

For descriptions of the Field of Cloth of Gold, see Hall, Holinshed and the Venetian Calendar. A good modern account is given byj. G. Russell inThe Field of Cloth of Gold(1969). Katherine's objections are recorded in the Spanish Calendar. Charles V's visit to England in 1520 is described by Hall, Holinshed and the Venetian Calendar. For Charles V, seeCharles the Fifth, Father of Europeby Gertrude von Schwarzenfeld (1957). The visit of Henry and Katherine to Charles V is noted by Hall. For Thomas Cromwell's life and career, see Neville Williams'sThe Cardinal and the Secretary(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, !975)> A. G. d.i.c.kens'sThomas Cromwell and the English Reformation(1959), and B. W. Beckingsale'sThomas Cromwell, Tudor Minister(Macmillan, 1978). Henry VIII's defence of the seven sacraments, published in 1521,a.s.sertio septem Sacramentorum adversus Martinus Lutherus,was edited by O'Donovan (New York, 1908). For his being awarded the t.i.tleFidei Defensor,see Hall. Charles V's visit to England in 1522 and his betrothal to the Princess Mary is recorded in Hall's Chronicle and the Spanish Calendar. Mary's education at Ludlow is described in the Cotton MS., Vitellius in the British Library and by Vives. The Duke of Norfolk's qualities and abilities are mentioned by Vergil and in the Venetian Calendar; the cruelty of his mistress is described in L& P.

The outward appearance of the marriage of Henry and Katherine is attested to by Erasmus inThe Inst.i.tution of Christian Marriage(1526). The Spanish Calendar and L &Pboth testify to Katherine's being past the age for childbearing. Henry's reluctance to send Mary to Spain is noted in Hall's Chronicle and the Venetian Calendar. Henry FitzRoy's elevation to the peerage is described in Hall's 591.

Chronicle,L & P,and Stow'sAnnals.The Venetian Calendar records how Katherine took offence at it. BothL & Pand Pollino describe Mary taking up residence at Ludlow in 1525.

Henry VIII's presence at Mary Boleyn's wedding is recorded inL & P.The arrival of the Spanish amba.s.sador Mendoza is recorded in the Spanish Calendar and by Hall. The Spanish Calendar also records that he found it difficult to see Katherine, and that Katherine was against a new French alliance. The Bishop of Tarbes's doubts are explained by Hall. For the sack of Rome, see the Spanish Calendar. The King's doubts of conscience over the validity of his marriage are attested to by many sources, chiefly Hall, Cavendish, Roper, Harpsfield, various amba.s.sadors and William Tynedale inThe Practice of Prelates(1530).

7Mistress Anne One of the chief primary sources for Anne Boleyn's life is the biography written by George Wyatt in the late sixteenth century,Extracts from the life of the Virtuous, Christian and Renowned Queen Anne Boleyn(published London, 1817). Wyatt was the grandsonofthe poet Sir Thomas Wyatt, Anne's Kentish neighbour and admirer, and he drew his information from anecdotes handed down within his own family and the reminiscences of Anne Gainsford, who had been Anne Boleyn's maid of honour. This is a work strongly biased in favour of its subject, written as it was in answer to Nicholas Sanders's crus.h.i.+ng attack on Anne, published in 1585. See also George Wyatt,Memorial of Queen Anne Boleyn(reproduced inThe Life of Cardinal Wolseyby George Cavendish, ed. S. W. Singer, 1827) andPapers of George Wyatt(ed. D. M. Loades, Camden Society, 4th series, V, 1968). For hostile opinions of Anne Boleyn, see the Spanish Calendar, Reginald Pole'sPro Ecclesiasticae Unitatis Defensione(1536) and Sanders.

The early Boleyns are mentioned several times in the Paston Letters (ed. N. Davis, Oxford University Press, 1971), Stow'sLondon,and theCalendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem for the Reign of 592.

Henry VII.For Hever Castle, see the current Official Guide, also the pamphlet by Gavin Astor,The Boleyns of Hever(1971). For the character of Sir Thomas Boleyn, his children and early income, seeL & P.Anne Boleyn's birthdate has been arrived at after considering evidence in William Camden'sAnnales rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum, regnanto Elizabetha, ad annum salutis MDLx.x.xIX(London, 1615),The Life of Jane Dormer,Lord Herbert's life of Henry VIII, Leti's suppressed life of Elizabeth I, William Rastell'sLife of Sir Thomas MoreAnne Boleyn.For George Boleyn's date of birth, see George Cavendish's 'Metrical Visions' (included inThe Life of Cardinal Wolsey,ed. S. W. Singer, 1827).

Anne Boleyn's virtues and accomplishments are described by Lord Herbert. For the duration of her stay in France, see Herbert, and also Emmanuel von Meteren's.h.i.+stoire des Pays Bas: Crispin, Lord of Milherve's Metrical History(1618);Epistre contenant leproces criminelfait a lencontre de la Royne Boullant d'Angleterreby Lancelot de Carles, Clement Marot, and Crispin de Milherve (1545; included inLa Grande Bretagne devant I'Opinion Francaiseby G. Ascoli, Paris, 1927);Histoire de la Royne Anne de Boullant(MS. in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris; before 1550); and Charles de Bourgueville'sLes Recherches et Antiquites de la Province de Neustrie(1583). Carles, Marot and Milherve were three great French men of letters and a valuable source of information on Anne Boleyn. Milherve was an eyewitness at her trial, and the other two, Marot in particular, knew her in France. Milherve wrote a separate metrical history. For Anne's stay in France, see the above, and also, for her accomplishments, Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur de Brantome,Lives of Gallant Ladies(trans. R. Gibbings, 1924). For Anne's erotic experiences in France, seeL & Pand Brantome.

Cromwell's denial of the King's having been Lady Boleyn's lover is recorded inL & P.For the Butler marriage negotiations, seeL & Pand theCalendar of Ormonde Deeds, 1172-1603(vols 3 and 4, ed. E. Curtis, 1942-3);L & Pmentions Francis I's regret at Anne's leaving France. George Wyatt describes Anne's arrival at the English court and her success there. For her affair with Percy, see Cavendish, 593.

L & Pand the Percy MSS. at Alnwick Castle. Anne Boleyn's appearance is described by Wyatt, Sanders (a surprisingly unbiased account), Carles etc., andL & P.For the poet Wyatt's interest in her, see George Wyatt. The accounts by Harpsfield and Sanders are farfetched and malicious, owing nothing to contemporary sources. For Sir Thomas Wyatt, see hisCollected Poems(ed. J. Daalder, Oxford, 1975), Kenneth Muir'sLife and Letters of Sir Thomas Wyatt(Liverpool University Press, 1963) and Patricia Thomson'sSir Thomas Wyatt and his Background(Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1964). The rise of the Boleyns is charted inL & P.For Anne Boleyn's early life, see J. H. Round'sThe Early Life of Anne Boleyn(pamphlet published 1885).

There are two good primary sources for Henry VIII's courts.h.i.+p of Anne Boleyn, those of George Wyatt and Cavendish. Henry's love letters, now in the Vatican Library, are in the collections edited by Byrne and Ridley. None of Anne's letters to Henry survives: that quoted by Leti is spurious. A letter headed 'To the King from the Lady in the Tower', purported to have been written by Anne Boleyn in 1536, is of dubious authenticity. Cavendish refers to the patience of Queen Katherine with regard to her husband's affair with Anne, and is also the chief source of evidence for Anne's deadly hostility towards Wolsey. Her cordial outward relations with the Cardinal are described inL & P.

8 A thousand Wolseysfor one Anne Boleyn The King's pa.s.sion for Anne Boleyn is described in George Wyatt's Memorial, Cavendish, the Spanish Calendar andAmba.s.sades enAngleterre dejean du Bellay, 1527-1529(ed. V. L. Bourilly and P. deVa.s.siere, Paris, 1905). Jean du Bellay was the French amba.s.sador to the court of Henry VIII and a friend of Anne Boleyn. His dispatches are therefore a good source to balance against the hostile reports in the Spanish Calendar. Jewels given to Anne by Henry in August 1527 are listed in a doc.u.ment in the Public Record Office. For the course of their affair, and the first rumours of a divorce and of the King having found a new mistress, see Cavendish, George Wyatt 594.

and Hall. The secret hearing at Westminster is described by Cavendish, Hall and Holinshed. The Spanish Calendar describes Mendoza's activities, the Queen's apprehension and Henry's confrontation with her. It also contains details of diplomatic relations between Charles V, his amba.s.sadors, and the Vatican, and correspondence between the Emperor, his ministers, Katherine of Aragon, Mendoza and his successor Eustache Chapuys, and the Vatican.

Bishop Fisher's opinion on the King's case is given inL & P.Roper is the source for the decision to refer the case to Rome; doubts about the wisdom of this arc referred to inL & P.Wolsey's mission to France is described inL & P,Cavendish and Harpsfield. The Venetian Calendar includes several references to Katherine's popularity. The Felipez affair is recorded inL & P.Rumours of Henry's intention of marrying Anne are first mentioned in the Spanish Calendar. George Wyatt alone speaks of Anne's reluctance to marry Henry. Wolsey's resistance to the match is referred to by Cavendish and Holinshed. The emba.s.sies to Rome are described inL & Pand in Foxe's Book of Martyrs; the Spanish Calendar includes Henry's dispensation to marry Anne. Anne's enmity towards Wolsey is attested to by Cavendish, du Bellay, the Spanish Calendar and Harpsfield. Hall is, as usual, the source for festivities at court. The Pope's appointment of Cardinal Campeggio as legate to try the case with Wolsey in England is recorded by Hall, Cavendish, Roper and Foxe. Wolsey's solution to the Boleyn/Butler feud is found in the Ormonde Deeds. Hall and du Bellay describe Henry's treatment of Katherine. Du Bellay is the chief source for the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528; he mentions Henry's fear of catching the disease and constant moves to escape it, as docs Hall's Chronicle andL & P.Du Bellay was the first to record that Anne Boleyn was stricken with the sweat. The Spanish Calendar reports public outrage at the King's nullity suit. Du Bellay speaks of Henry's growing disillusionment with Wolsey. William Carey's death is noted in the (Spanish Calendar, and the wards.h.i.+p of his heir inL & P.The Spanish iCalendar is also the source for the view that Wolsey was doing his best to prevent an annulment. Anne's letter to the Cardinal of July 1528 is in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Henry's staunch belief that his case was righteous is attested to in the Spanish 595.

Calendar. Katharine's retort to Anne while playing cards comes from George Wyatt.

Campeggio's delayed arrival, and his coming to London are related by Hall and Cavendish, who both describe the legate's discussions with Henry, Wolsey and Katherinc. The brief produced by Queen Katherine is discussed inL & P,the Spanish Calendar and the State Papers, and the Council's advice to her is contained in a doc.u.ment in the Public Record Office. William Tynedale, inThe Practice of Prelates(1530), avers that Katherine's women were made to spy on her. Henry's address to the Londoners at Bridewell Palace is recorded by Hall, du Bellay and Foxe. Du Bellay refers to Anne Boleyn's unpopularity. For the Nun of Kent, seeRotuli Parliamentorum, L& P,and Alan Neame'sThe Holy Maid of Kent(Hodder and Stoughton, 1971). Anne's growing power is doc.u.mented by du Bellay, Cavendish and the Venetian Calendar. Her reformist sympathies, and her reading of forbidden books are described by George Wyatt and Foxe. For Henry's piety seeL & P.

Both Hall and du Bellay describe the preparations for the legatine hearing. Henry's gifts to Anne Boleyn are listed inL & P.The account of the proceedings of the legatine court is drawn from those given by Cavendish, Hall, du Bellay, Foxe, Stow'sLondon,Holinshed and Herbert. Du Bellay reports rumours of Anne Boleyn's pregnancy. Wolsey's fall from favour is related by Cavendish, Hall and Roper. Campeggio's return to Rome is recorded by Foxe. Roper records Henry's sounding out of Sir Thomas More's views. For the arrival of Chapuys and his early dispatches, see the Spanish Calendar. For Thomas Cranmer, see Foxe, Cranmer's Miscellaneous Writings (see above), and the following modern works: A. F. Pollard,Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation, 1489-1556(2nd edn, Ca.s.sell, 1965), Jasper Ridley,Thomas Cranmer(Oxford University Press, 1962) and Edward Carpenter,Cantuar: The Archbishops in their Office(Baker,1971).

596r Bibliography9It is my affair!

The Spanish Calendar is a major source as before for relations between England and the Emperor, the fortunes of Queen Katherine, and correspondence with the Vatican. The dispatches of Eustache Chapuys are one of the major sources for this period of Henry VIII's reign. For the fall and death of Wolsey, see Cavendish, Hall,L & P,the Milanese Calendar, du Bellay and Holinshed. Anne Boleyn's growing power is charted in the dispatches of du Bellay, the Milanese Calendar andL & P;for York Place see the Spanish Calendar and Stow'sLondon.For the Reformation Parliament, seeRotuli Parliamentorum,Hall, and Stow'sAnnals.The Venetian Calendar describes relations between Henry and Katherine and Katherine's appearance and demeanour. The enn.o.blement of the Boleyns is noted by Hall, who is again the chief source for court festivities for this period.

The English emba.s.sy to Bologna is related by Hall and Foxe. For the Vatican's stand on the nullity suit, seeAda Curiae Romana in cause matrimoniale Regis c.u.m Katherina Regina(1531). In the same year John Stokesley, Bishop of London, Edward Foxe and Nicholas de Burgo publishedThe Determination of the most Famous and most Excellent Universities of Italy and France that it is unlawful for a man to marry his brother's wife, that the Pope hath no power to dispense therewith;Hall gives details of each individual determination. For the pet.i.tion of the n.o.bility of England to the Pope, see Cavendish; Lord Herbert provides the transcript. Foxe describes Cromwell's role in the origins of the English Reformation. For Anne Boleyn's books, see William Latimer'sTreatise on Anne Boleyn(MS. in the Bodleian Library, Oxford), a contemporary reformist source of great value.

For Katherine's confrontation with the lords of the Council in 15 31, see the Spanish Calendar, Hall andL & P.The Princess Mary's appearance and accomplishments are described in the Venetian Calendar. Thomas Abell's book,Invicta Veritas: an answer that by no manner of law it may be lawful for King Henry the Eight to be divorced(Luneberg, 1532) is referred to by Hall and Foxe. Katherine's life in exile from the court is described by Hall and the Venetian Calendar.

597.

The Venetian Calendar gives details of the banquet at Ely Place, as does Stow'sLondon.The near lynching of Anne Boleyn is recorded only in the Venetian Calendar, which, withL&P,gives details of opposition to the King. The resignation of More from the office of Lord Chancellor is related by Roper. For the Calais trip, see Hall, theMemoiresof Guillaume du Bellay (see above), and the Milanese Calendar. Descriptions of Anne Boleyn's appearance are to be found in the Venetian Calendar and Marino Sanuto'sDiarii.Her creation as Marquess of Pembroke is described by Hall and Milles'sCatalogue of Honour(1610); the Patent of Creation is now in the Chapter House, Westminster Abbey. George Wyatt tells of Anne finding the book of prophecies. For Cranmer's request to examine the King's case, seeL&P.

10 Happiest of Women The dispatches of Chapuys are again one of the chief sources consulted. The Spanish Calendar records Anne Boleyn's first appearance as queen, as does Hall. Anne's coronation is described by several authorities, viz. the Spanish Calendar, Hall,L&P,Holinshed, Stow'sLondonandAnnals,Wriothesley's Chronicle, and Wynkyn de Worde'sThe n.o.ble Triumphant Coronation of Queen Anne, wife upon the most n.o.ble King Henry the VIII(printed 1533). Evidence of Anne's unpopularity manifested on the day is given only in the Spanish Chronicle, but is hinted at by Chapuys. For Norfolk's row with Anne, see the Spanish Calendar. For Katherine of Aragon's effects, seeInventories of the Wardrobes of Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond, and of the Wardrobe Stuff at Baynard's Castle of Katherine, Princess Dowager(ed. J. G. Nichols, Camden Society, old series, LXI, 1854). See also W. Loke'sAn Account of Materials furnished for the use of Queen Anne Boleyn(Miscellanies of the Philibiblon Society, vol. VII, 1862-3). Public opposition to the King's second marriage is detailed inL & P.

Cranmer's ecclesiastical court and its proceedings are described inL&P,Hall's Chronicle, Harpsfield'sPretended Divorce,and 598r Bibliography Holinshed's Chronicle. See alsoArticles devised by the whole consent of the King's most honourable Council, His Grace's license obtained thereto, not only to exhort, but also to inform his loving subjects of the Truth(1533).The Lady Mary's obstinacy is described in the State Papers. Anne's befriending of Protestants and her reformist literature are detailed by William Latimer and Foxe. The help she gave Thomas Winter is mentioned inL & P;Nicholas de Bourbon records his debt to her inNugarum Libri Octo(Lyons, 1538).

For Katherine's confrontation with the Council, July 1533, see the report of her chamberlain, Lord Mountjoy, in the State Papers. The King's progress is recounted by Hall; the Lisle Letters refer to the good health and high spirits of the King and Queen. Henry's adultery with an unknown mistress, with Margaret Shelton, and later his affair with Jane Seymour, are all mentioned in the Spanish Calendar. Harpsfield records that Katherine pitied Anne. Letters announcing the birth of a prince, and their alteration, are referred to inL & P.The birth of Elizabeth is recorded in the Spanish Calendar and Hall's Chronicle. The comment of John Erley and other disparaging remarks about Anne's child are inL & P.The Milanese Calendar records foreign reaction to the birth. For Elizabeth's christening, seeL & P,Hall and Holinshed. The Spanish Chronicle mentions Anne's intense love for her child. The dispatches of Jean de Dinteville, the French amba.s.sador, give details of Anne's unpopularity and her diminis.h.i.+ng power. Elizabeth's household at Hatfield is described in the State Papers.

Katherine's defiance of Suffolk is recounted in the Spanish Calendar,L & Pand Hall. Henry's New Year's gifts to Anne's ladies, including Jane Seymour, are listed inL & P.The order to Hugh Latimer to keep his sermons short also appears inL &P; for Hugh Latimer, see Harold S. Darby'sHugh Latimer(1953). The Lisle Letters record Lady Lisle's gifts to Anne Boleyn, details of Katherine's jointure conferred upon Anne, the execution of the Nun of Kent, and Little Purkoy's death. The involvement of Fisher and Katherine with the Nun is referred to inL & P.For Katherine's life at Kimbolton, seeThe Kimbolton Papers in the Collection of the Duke of Manchester(1864).

The text of the Act of Succession 1534 is given inThe StatutesandRotuli Parliamentorum.Anne's second pregnancy is doc.u.mented in 599.

the Spanish Calendar andL & P.The oath of succession is printed in Wriothesley's Chronicle, and Fisher's and More's refusal to take it is related by Hall, Roper, and Chapuys in the Spanish Calendar. For Reginald Pole's views on the King's marriages, seePro Ecclesiasticae Unitatis Defensione(1536). Katherine's defiance of Tunstall is recorded in the State Papers and the Spanish Calendar. The gifts of a peac.o.c.k and a pelican are noted inL & P.

The Spanish Caendar, the Venetian Calendar, George Wyatt and William Roper all describe Henry's growing disillusionment with Anne. His stable of girls at Farnham and Webbe's tale are noted inL & P.Lancelot de Carles et al. mention Anne being blamed for the executions of 1535. Roper is the best source for More's sojourn in the Tower. Hall records the executions of the monks of the Charterhouse and Bishop Fisher. The bad harvest is mentioned inL & P,where there is also the sole reference to Anne's third pregnancy. Katherine's letter to Forrest, and the search of her house for incriminating evidence are related by Pollino; Hall gives a grim description of Forrest's ultimate fate. The allegation (unauthenticated) that Henry blamed Anne for More's death comes fromThe Life of Jane Dormer.

Anne's visit to Syon Abbey is described by William Latimer. Her charities, needlework, and interest in education are recorded by George Wyatt and Foxe. Her fear of being cast off as Katherine had been is noted inL & P.The Spanish Calendar is the chief source for Katherine's death. Pollino records Anne's jealousy of public interest in Katherine's 'good end'.

11 Shall I die without justice?

The tale of Anne catching Henry with Jane Seymour on his knee comes fromThe Life of Jane Dormerand Sanders, and may well have some basis in fact. Wriothesley's Chronical says that Anne's fright at the King's fall caused her to miscarry of a son. Anne's miscarriage is doc.u.mented by the Spanish Calendar, Hall, George Wyatt,The Life of Jane Dormerand Sanders, and her comment to her ladies afterwards 600.

comes fromL & P.The Spanish Calendar, in particular the dispatches of Chapuys, is a major source for the fall of Anne Boleyn. Jane Seymour's rise to prominence is noted in the Bodleian MSS. Jesus College, Oxford. Henry's courts.h.i.+p and the jealousy between Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour is recorded in the Spanish Calendar andThe Life of Jane Dormer.For Sir Nicholas Carew, see R. Mich.e.l.l'sThe Carews of Beddington(London Borough of Sutton Libraries and Arts Services, 1981), which also gives details of Beddington Park, where Jane stayed before her marriage. The plot against Anne Boleyn is described by Lancelot de Carles et al. and by Milherve in his Metrical History. Coverdale's Bible, with its inscription to Anne, is in the British Library.L & Pmentions Cromwell sounding out the Bishop of London on the subject of a royal divorce. Henry's letter to Pace on the likelihood of his having male heirs is in the State Papers. The proposed trip to Calais is mentioned in the State Papers and the Lisle Letters. For Matthew Parker, see his Correspondence (mentioned above) and V. J. K. Brook'sA Life of Archbishop Parker(1962). The Spanish Chronicle refers to Smeaton's newly acquired wealth. The torturing of Smeaton is hinted at by George Constantine, body servant to Sir Henry Norris in the Tower, in hisMemorial(inArchaeologia),and the Spanish Chronicle gives unauthenticated details. For the May Day jousts, see Hall and Wriothesley.

Anne Boleyn's committal to the Tower is described in Sir John Hay ward'sLife of King Edward the Sixth(1630), but the best contemporary source for this and her imprisonment are the dispatches of Sir William Kingston, Constable of the Tower, to Thomas Cromwell, which give a day-by-day account of Anne's stay there. They are to be found in the Cotton MSS. in the British Library. Henry's nocturnal jaunts are described in the Lisle Letters. The arrests and imprisonment in the Tower of Rochford, Weston, Brereton, Norris, Wyatt and Page are described in theHistoire de la Royne Anne de Boullant,an almost contemporary French ma.n.u.script (Bibliotheque Nationalc, Paris; before 1550). Wyatt's spurious confession is related by the Spanish Chronicle and Sanders. The information given by the Spanish Chronicle about these events is notoriously untrustworthy. George Boleyn's distress is noted inL & P.George Constantine avers Brereton's innocence. The King's 601.

new hairstyle is recorded in Stow'sAnnals.

The trial of Anne's so-called lovers is described by Hall and Wriothesley, and the Lisle Letters record public speculation as to the fate of the accused. Wriothesley records the breaking up of Anne's household. Anne's trial is doc.u.mented by the Spanish Calendar, George Wyatt, Wriothesley, the Harleian MSS. in the British Library, theBaga de Secretisin the Public Record Office (in which are preserved all the surviving doc.u.ments relating to the trials of Anne11 and her brother), Cobbett'sState Trials,and theReports of Sir John Spelman(ed. J. A. Baker, Sclden Society, 93, 94, 1977-8) - Spelman attended Anne's trial. The belief of the people in Anne's innocence is attested to by Chapuys in the Spanish Calendar, George Wyatt, George Constantine, William Camden and Sir John Spelman, all of whom refer to the unfairness of the trial. For Rochford's trial, see Spelman, Wriothesley, the Spanish Calendar, George Wyatt, George Constantine,Excerpta Historica,Lancelot de Carles et al., Cobbett, and theBaga de Secretis.The sentence on Rochford is recorded inL & P.Thomas Fuller names Lady Rochford as a princ.i.p.al witness for the Crown.

I!.

Henry's announcement that he foresaw Anne's downfall is quoted inL & P.The execution of the male prisoners is described by Hall, Wriothesley, the Spanish Calendar, George Constantine, theHistoire de la Royne Anne de Boullant,the Lisle Letters, and Milherve's Metrical History. Rochford's scaffold speech appears in three versions: quoted;} variously by George Constantine, Wriothesley, and the Spanish Chronicle. Anne's reaction to Smeaton's confession is related by Lancelot de Carles et al. and Milherve. The case papers for the annulment of Anne's marriage to Henry have disappeared, but see Wriothesley's Chronicle and Ives'sAnne Boleyn.The cost of erecting the scaffold and Anne's expenses in the Tower are listed inL & P.For Anne's execution, see the Spanish Calendar, the Lisle Letters,L & P,theHistoire de la Royne Anne de Boullant,Lancelot de Carles et al., Milherve, George Wyatt, Sir John Spelman, Hall, the Harleian MSS. in the British Library, Wriothesley, the Spanish Chronicle, Foxe. andThe Chronicle of Calais in the Reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII, to the year 1540(attributed to Richard Turpin; ed. J. G. Nichols, Camden Society, x.x.xV, 1846).

For the tomb of Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wilts.h.i.+re, see the 602.

guidebook to St Peter's Church, Hever, Kent. For Elizabeth Howard's tomb in the Howard Aisle of Lambeth Church, seeThe History of the Parish of Lambethbyj. Nichols (1786).

12 Like one given by G.o.d The Spanish Calendar, chiefly the dispatches of Chapuys, is a major source for this chapter. Jane Seymour's former service as maid of honour to both Katherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn is recorded by Chapuys and Wriothesley. Hall notes that Henry wore mourning for Anne Boleyn. For the marriage of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, see Wriothesley's Chronicle and the Lisle Letters. Wriothesley incorrectly gives the date as 20 May and the place as Chelsea; the Lisle Letters have the correct date and place. Wriothesley describes Jane's first appearance as queen. Chapuys and Lord Herbert describe how she looked and dressed. The Act of Succession 1536 is reproduced inThe StatutesandRotuli Parliamentorum.For John Hill seeL & P.Stow'sLondondescribes the King and Queen attending the marching-watch ceremony. Henry's reconciliation with Mary is doc.u.mented by the Spanish Calendar,L & Pand Wriothesley; Wriothesley describes their meeting at Hackney. For Holbein's portraits of Jane Seymour, seeHolbein and the Court of Henry VIII(Exhibition Catalogue, The Queen's Gallery, Buckingham Palace, 1978). Hall describes the King and Queen's trip on the ice. Mary's reception at court is recounted in the Belvoir MSS. (Historical MSS. Commission, report XII, appendix IV, vol. I, the Duke of Rutland's Papers). For Jane's patronage of the Royal Hospital of St Katherineby-the-Tower, see Hall, and Catherinejamison,The History of the Royal Hospital of St Katherine by the Tower of London(1952).

Confirmation of the Queen's pregnancy is recorded in the State Papers, and the thanksgiving services for it inL & P.The Lisle Letters give details of the pregnancy, Jane's fancy for quails, and details of her household and the dress of her maids of honour. The prayers for Jane when in labour are mentioned by Wriothesley. For the birth of Prince Edward, see Hall,The Chronicle and Political Papers 603.

of King Edward VI(ed. W. K. Jordan, Allen and Unwin, 1966), and Jack Dewhurst'sRoyal Confinements(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980), which explodes once and for all the theory - quoted by Harpsfield and Sanders - that Edward was born by Caesarean section. Wriothesley describes the celebrations in London in honour of the birth, and Hall describes the christening. Both chroniclers mention the enn.o.blement of Jane's brothers. Prayers of intercession for the Queen's life are referred to by Wriothesley. Her death is recorded inL & P,Wriothesley, Hall, the journal of Edward VI, and Foxe, and her obsequies are described in the State Papers and Hall's Chronicle.

13 I like her not!

For Henry VIII's search for a fourth wife and abortive negotiations in this connection, seeL & P.From 1537 onwards, the dispatches of the French amba.s.sador, Marillac, are a rich source of information on the period, especially with regard to Henry's wives, but Marillac is not always a reliable source. There are few dispatches from Chapuys relating to this period: he had been recalled to Spain when relations between England and the Empire deteriorated after the Pilgrimage of Grace. The Lisle Letters offer some fascinating information about the domestic life of the court at this time: Henry's piety, his friends.h.i.+p with Anne Ba.s.sett, courtly festivities, Prince Edward, and the selection of ladies for the new Queen's household. For further details of the childhood of Prince Edward, seeL & Pand the Cotton MS. Vitellius in the British Library. For the Exeter conspiracy, see Horatia Durant'sSorrowful Captives(Griffin Press, 1960).

For the emba.s.sy to Cleves, see Hall, Foxe and the Cotton MS. Vitellius in the British Library. TheAllgemeine Deutsche Biography vols 1 and 14(Duncker and Humbolt, Berlin, 1967-71) provides good genealogical details of the family of Anne of Cleves. Anne's journey to England is described in the State Papers, the dispatches of Marillac, and the Lisle Letters. Thomas Wriothesley's opinion of Anne is inL & P.Anne's reception in Calais is described in Hall's Chronicle and the Lisle Letters, and her arrival in Dover by Hall and 604r Bibliography William Lambard inA Perambulation of Kent(1576); her progress through Kent is described by Hall. Henry's visit to Rochester is related inL & P,the State Papers, and Hall's Chronicle, and his displeasure and attempts to get out of his marriage contract are chronicled in the State Papers. Marillac describes the preparations for Anne's reception on Shooter's Hill, which event is detailed by Hall, the Lisle Letters, Lambard, and the Cotton MS. Vespasian in the British Library. For the banquet afterwards, see Hall.

Henry's decision to go through with the marriage is recorded in the State Papers. Hall describes the marriage ceremony and the events immediately afterwards. Henry's inability to consummate the marriage is attested to in the State Papers. For Anne's secretary, seeProceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council.Anne's presence at the jousts is recorded by Hall, who also tells of the return of the foreign n.o.bles to Cleves and Anne's reception in London. For Lord Edmund Howard's letter, see the Lisle Letters. Cromwell's fall is chronicled by Marillac and Hall. The May jousts are referred to in Hall and Stow'sLondon.Anne's banishment to Richmond is mentioned by Hall and Marillac.

Henry's affair with Katherine Howard is detailed by Marillac and Foxe. For her date of birth, see Marillac's dispatches, the Spanish Chronicle, andA Tudor Tragedyby Lacey Baldwin-Smith. The pet.i.tion for the examination of the validity of the King's marriage to Anne of Cleves is inthe Journals of Parliament for the Reign of Henry VIII(publishedc.1742), and the decision to refer the matter to the clergy is recorded in the State Papers. The debate in the Lords is described inthe Journals of Parliament,as is the annulment of the marriage; for this, see also Hall and Foxe. The reaction of the Duke of Cleves is recorded by Lord Herbert, and his doubts over Henry's treatment of Anne are mentioned in the State Papers. Anne's request to see Elizabeth is referred to by Leti. Anne's contentment is vouched for hy--Marillac. The execution of Cromwell is described by Hall.

605.

14 Rose without a thorn Henry VIII's marriage to Katherine Howard is mentioned by Hall and Foxe. Hall also describes the executions of Fetherston, Powell and Abell. Henry's armour in the Tower measures 54" around the girth. Anne of Cleves's merriment and Henry's visit to her are described by Marillac. Katherine's first appearance as Queen is recorded by Hall; her new clothes and caprices are referred to in the Spanish Chronicle. For a description of the Lady Mary, see Marillac's dispatches and the Venetian Calendar. Katherine Howard's household is detailed in the State Papers. The priest's slander is reported in Acts of the Privy Council. Henry's amorous behaviour is attested to by Marillac. Richard Jonas'sThe Birth of Mankind(1540), a treatise on birth and midwifery, is dedicated to Katherine Howard. The private life of Henry and Katherine is recorded by Marillac, who also gives details of Anne of Cleves's visits to court. Henry's gifts to Katherine are referred to inL & P.

Henry and Katherine's separation in the spring of 1541 is deduced from information in Acts of the Privy Council; Marillac describes the King's depression and illness. The release of Wyatt is mentioned in the Spanish Calendar and the State Papers (note that Chapuys was now back in England). Rumours of a reconciliation between Henry and Anne of Cleves are reported inL & P.Margaret Pole's execution is described by Chapuys. Dereham's appointment as Katherine's secretary, and his row with Mr John are reported in L& P,as are details of the progress of autumn 1541. Marillac mentions Prince Edward's illness. For the testimonies of Lascelles and Hall, see the State Papers. Henry and Katherine's return to Hampton Court is mentioned by Hall, and the thanksgiving service for the King's marriage is referred to in the Acts of the Privy Council. Hall tells of Cranmer's letter to Henry. Henry's initiation of an enquiry into the conduct of the Queen is recorded in Acts of the Privy Council, and the investigations arising from this are recorded in the Spanish Calendar, the Acts of the Privy Council, the State Papers, andL & P.

606r Bibliography

15.

Hall, the Acts of the Privy Council, and the State Papers describe Katherine's banishment to Syon and her life there. The discharge of her household is related in Wriothesley's Chronicle. For the Council being informed of the proceedings against the Queen, and the debates over the action to be taken, see the State Papers and Proceedings of the Privy Council. The interrogations and testimonies of the suspects and witnesses are recorded in the State Papers,L & P,and Hall's Chronicle. Pollino mentions Culpeper's beauty.L& Prefers to Katherine being deprived of the trappings of queens.h.i.+p and degraded. The arraignment of her lovers is described in Marillac's dispatches,L & Pand the State Papers. Marillac and Chapuys both testify to Henry's grief. His refusal to commute Dereham's sentence is recorded in the State Papers and Acts of the Privy Council. Dereham's confession, obtained under torture, is in the State Papers. Harpsfield says people were saying that Katherine and Dereham were worthy to be hanged one against the other. The State Papers report the rumours of Anne of Cleves's pregnancy. For the execution of Katherine's lovers, see Hall and Wriothesley. The account of Nikander Nucius in the Spanish Calendar (1546) is the authority for the heads of the Queen's lovers being displayed on spikes on London Bridge.

The committal of members of the Howard family to the Tower, their arraignments and their ultimate fates are all described in the State Papers, the Acts of the Privy Council, the journals of Parliament and Hall's Chronicle. For Henry's advancing stoutness, see Marillac. Hall records the pa.s.sing of the Act of Attainder for treason against the Queen and Lady Rochford; the Act is in the House of Lords Record Office. Chapuys and the Journals.of Parliament report Katherine's refusal to plead before the Lords. The Spanish Calendar describes Katherine's last days at Syon and speculation as to her fate. Hall and the journals of Parliament confirm that Henry's a.s.sent to the Attainder was given under Letters Patent. His recovery from his grief and flirtation with ladies of the court is doc.u.mented by Chapuys. The journals of Parliament record 607.

Katherine being informed of the sentence of death pa.s.sed on her. Her removal to the Tower is described by Chapuys andL & P;Chapuys tells how she sent for the block. For Otwell Johnson's letters, and Katherine's last days in the Tower, see Barbara Winchester'sTudor Family Portrait(1955), also the Lisle Letters. Katherine's execution is described by Chapuys, Marillac, Hall and Foxe; spurious details are given by the Spanish Chronicle and Leti.

16.

The dispatches of Chapuys are one of the chief sources for Henry VIII's domestic life during this period. Henry's health is described by Andrew Boorde inA Breviary of Health(1542; ed. F. J. Furnivall, Early English Texts Society, London, 1870), and his happier frame of mind by Chapuys. For Scottish affairs, see Hall and Byrne. For the affairs of the Lady Mary, see the dispatches of Marillac, the Venetian Calendar and the Spanish Calendar. Negotiations for the marriage of Katherine Parr to Henry Scrope are described by Strickland. For Katherine Parr's Throckmorton relations, see A. L. Rowse'sRaleigh and the Throckmortons(Macmillan, 1962), and for Anne Parr, see Sir Tresham Lever'sThe Herberts of Wilton(1967). Snape Hall is described inCollectanea.For William Parr's matrimonial entanglements, see Hall, the Spanish Calendar and the Complete Peerage. Chapuys records that Henry used emotional blackmail to win Katherine's sympathy. His corpulence is described by Sir John Spelman.

Katherine Parr's religious zeal is mentioned by Foxe, and there is ample evidence for it in the two tracts published by her:Prayers and Meditations(1545) andThe Lamentations of a Sinner(1547). Her character is discussed in the Spanish Calendar, the Spanish Chronicle and Foxe's Book of Martyrs. A poem by her in French is in the Cecil Papers at Hatfield House, and corroborates contemporary references to her ability to speak French. The special licence for her marriage is in the State Papers, and the ceremony itself is described by Hall.

608.

Anne of Cleves's reaction is mentioned in the Spanish Calendar and the Spanish Chronicle.

The education of Prince Edward is described in the journal of Edward VI, Sir John Hayward's Life, and Roger Ascham'sToxvphilus(1545). Hall refers to the enn.o.blement of William Parr. Chapuys mentions Henry's obesity and growing infirmity. For Najera's visit, see the Spanish Calendar, which also mentions Margaret Douglas's marriage. Henry's appointment of Katherine as Regent during his absence in France is recorded inL & Pand the State Papers. The Spanish Calendar describes the Siege of Boulogne. Katherine's injunctions against the plague are in the Harleian MSS. in the British Library. Her farewell to Chapuys is recorded by him in the Spanish Calendar, which also refers to her reputed reformist tendencies. For her owning heretical books, see Robert Parsons'sA Treatise of Three Conversions of England(1603); for Anne Askew, see John Bale'sThe First Examination of Anne Askew(1546) andThe Latter Examination of Anne Askew(1547); and for the d.u.c.h.ess of Suffolk see Evelyn Read'sCatherine, d.u.c.h.ess of Suffolk(Jonathan Cape, 1962). For Gardiner's plot against Katherine and the events that allegedly occurred inc.July, 1546, see Foxe. Hall records the fate of Anne Askew. The visit of the Admiral of France is described by Wriothesley.

The Spanish Calendar mentions Henry's popularity at the end of his life. His death is recorded in the Spanish Calendar, the dispatches of George de Selve, the French amba.s.sador, Hall's Chronicle, Foxe's Book of Martyrs, and William Thomas'sThe Pilgrim: A Dialogue on the Life and Actions of King Henry the Eighth (c. 1547; ed. J. A. Froude, Parker, Son and Bourn, 1861). Harpsfield gives an apocryphal account. Edward VI's journal and Hayward give accounts of how the news was broken to the King's children. Hall relates the proclaiming of Edward VI as King. Henry's funeral is described by Hall and Foxe, and the summary of his life and achievements is based on those given in the Spanish Calendar, Foxe's Book of Martyrs, and William Thomas'sThe Pilgrim.

609.

17.

For the character of Sir Thomas Seymour, see Hay ward. The) j character of the Lady Elizabeth is described in theLife of Jane Dormer.j!

Hall records Katherine's wish to marry Seymour. For Katherine'siij house at Chelsea, see Mary Cathcart Borer'sTwo Villages: The Storyf, of Chelsea and Kensington(W. H. Allen, 1973) and Thea Holme's|i Chelsea(Hamish Hamilton, 1972). Katherine's marriage to Seymour. If!

is mentioned by Edward VI in his journal, which also refers to the!( offence taken by Lord Protector Somerset and the Council; see also''( the indictment of Lord Sudeley, 1549, in the State Papers. William'k Camden relates the feud between Katherine and the d.u.c.h.ess of ;'

Suffolk. For a description of Lady Jane Grey, see the letter of BaptistIj Spinola, 10 July 1553, in the Genoese Archives. There are two;j excellent modern biographies of Jane: Hester W. Chapman'sLady; Jane Grey(Jonathan Cape, 1962) and Alison Plowden'sLady Jane,:i Grey and the House of Suffolk(Sidgwick andjackson, 1985). Udall'sj praise is recorded in hisThe First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of!

Erasmus upon the New Testament(1548).'{ Details of the affair between Seymour and Elizabeth are to bei, found in the State Papers (Deposition of Katherine Ashley, January[ 1549, Deposition of Thomas Parry, January, 1549, and Deposition of the Lady Elizabeth, January, 1549). The rumours that Elizabeth boreI; the Admiral a child are referred to inThe Life of Jane Dormer.

Elizabeth's illness is recorded in the State Papers. Sudeley Castle isj1 described by Leland inCollectanea;for Throckmorton's descriptionIf of it as a second court see Rowse. Katherine's death and funeral are'

recorded inA Breviate of the Interment of the Lady Katherine Parr,;|hiQueen Dowager, late wife to King Henry VIIIetc.,a ma.n.u.script in the Royal College of Arms.

For the later life of Anne of Cleves, the best sources are the State Papers and Strickland, who quotes most of the relevant doc.u.ments relating to Anne. See also Fuller'sChurch History.For Anne's funeral, see the Cotton MS. Vitellius in the British Library.

The inventory of effects belonging to Katherine Parr's daughter is in the Lansdowne MSS. and is reproduced by Strickland, who also 610.

quotes all the evidence for and against the child growing to maturity. The fortunes of Katherine Parr's tomb and corpse are recounted byTreadway Russell Nash inOn the Time of Death and Place of Burial of Queen Katherine Parr(1876), and also by Martiensson and Strickland.