Color Key to North American Birds Part 9

=10. Pacific Loon= (_Gavia pacifica_). Similar to No. 9, but foreneck in summer reflecting deep blue or green; hindneck paler; smaller, W.

11. _Notes._ A harsh "_kok, kok, kok._" (Murdoch.)

Range.--Western North America; breeds at Point Barrow, Alaska, and eastward; winters south along Pacific Coast to Mexico.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 11.]

=11. Red-throated Loon= (_Gavia lumme_). L. 25. _Ads., summer._ Foreneck chestnut, head and neck ashy. _Winter._ Similar to No. 7, in winter, but back spotted with white. _Notes._ A harsh "_gr-r ga, gr-r, gr-r-ga, gr-r._" (Nelson.)

Range.--Northern part of northern hemisphere; in North America breeds from New Brunswick to Greenland and Hudson Bay, and northwest to Alaska; winters south to South Carolina and southern California.

Auks, Murres and Puffins

[Ill.u.s.tration: 12.]

=12. Tufted Puffin= (_Lunda cirrhata_). L. 15. _Ads., summer._ Cheeks white; a pair of long straw color plumes from behind eyes; rest of plumage sooty. _Winter._ Cheeks sooty, plumes usually absent. _Yng._ Similar to winter adult, but breast and belly whitish.

Range.--Northern Pacific; resident locally from Santa Barbara Islands north to Alaska. Accidental in Maine.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 13.]

=13. Puffin= (_Fratercula arctica_). L. 13; W. 6; B. 1.8. _Ads._ Above, and foreneck blackish; cheeks and under parts white; bill in summer touched with bright red. _Notes._ A hoa.r.s.e croak.

Range.--North Atlantic; breeds from Bay of Fundy north to Greenland; winters south to Long Island.

=13a. Large-billed Puffin= (_F. a. glacialis_). W. 7; B. 2.1. Similar to No. 13, but larger.

Range.--Arctic Ocean from Spitzenbergen to northern Greenland.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 14.]

=14. Horned Puffin= (_Fratercula corniculata_). Similar to No. 13, but in summer with the throat blackish. _Notes._ "A hoa.r.s.e snuffling, rattling note" (Nelson.)

Range.--"Northern Pacific from Kuril Islands to British Columbia."

(A.O.U.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 15.]

=15. Rhinoceros Auklet= (_Cerorhinca monocerata_). L. 15.5. _Ads., summer._ A horn on base of bill; _two_ pairs of white tufts; above blackish; throat and breast grayish; belly white. _Winter._ Similar, but no horn. _Yng._ Similar to winter ad. but no tufts.

Range.--"North Pacific: breeding south (formerly) to the Farallones; in winter south to Lower California and j.a.pan." (A.O.U.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 16.]

=16. Ca.s.sin Auklet.= (_Ptycoramphus aleuticus_). L. 9. _Ads._ A white spot above eye; above blackish; throat and breast grayish; belly white. Notes. A shrill, squealing "_Come bear-r-r, come bear-r-r._"

Range.--"Pacific Coast of North America from Aleutian Islands to Lower California; breeding south to San Geronimo Island (Lat. 30)." (A.O.U.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 23.]

=23. Marbled Murrelet= (_Brachyramphus marmoratus_). L. 9.7. _Ads., summer._ No crest; above dark brown, finely mixed with rusty; below white, all feathers edged with brown. _Winter._ Wholly different; above gray; head dark; below white; a nearly complete white nuchal collar. _Yng._ Similar to winter ad. but blacker above; sprinkled with blackish below.

Range.--North Pacific; breeds from Vancouver north to Aleutian Islands; winters south to southern California.

=24. Kittlitz Murrelet= (_Brachyramphus brevirostris_). L. 9.5; B., from feathers on top, .4. _Ads., summer._ Above gray, mottled with buff; breast and sides mottled with buff and black; belly white.

_Winter._ Sides of head, to _above_ eye, and lower parts white; above gray; outer tail-feathers white.

Range.--Northern j.a.pan, Kamchatka and Aleutian Islands, east to Unalaska. (A.O.U.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 25.]

=25. Xantus Murrelet= (_Brachyramphus hypoleucus_). L. 10. Bill slender. _Ads._ Above slaty black; under surface of wing _white_; inner webs of outer primaries _white_.

Range.--Pacific Coast from Monterey south to Cape St. Lucas; breeding as far north as Santa Barbara Island.

=26. Craveri Murrelet= (_Brachyramphus craveri_). L. 10. Bill slender.

_Ads._ Above slaty or brownish black; sides slaty; under surface of wings _dusky_, sometimes mixed with white.

Range,--Coasts of Lower California, from Cape St. Lucas north to Espiritu Santo Island in the Gulf of California, and to Natividad Island (lat. 28) on the Pacific side. (A.O.U.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 34.]

=34. Dovekie= (_Alle alle_). L. 8. _Ads., summer._ Above blackish; inner wing feathers tipped with white; throat and breast blackish brown. _Winter._ Similar, but throat and breast white or mixed grayish.

Range--North Atlantic and East Arctic; in America breeds from Lat. 68 northward; winters south to Long Island, rarely to Virginia.

Accidental in Michigan.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 17.]

=17. Paroquet Auklet= (_Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus_). L. 10. _Ads., summer._ _No_ crest; a white plume from behind eye; above blackish; throat grayer, rest of under parts white. _Winter._ Throat white.

_Notes._ "A low, sonorous, vibrating whistle." (Nelson.)

Range.--"North Pacific, from Sitka and the Kuril Islands northward."

(A.O.U.) Five records for coast off San Francisco in winter.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 18.]

=18. Crested Auklet= (_Simorhynchus cristatellus_). L. 10. _Ads., summer._ Bill red; a crest of slender recurved feathers; a pair of white tufts from behind eye; above sooty black; below grayer. _Yng._ Similar but bill brown; no crest or tufts. _Notes._ "A chirping note,"

(Nelson.)

Range.--"North Pacific from Kadiak and j.a.pan northward." (A.O.U.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 19.]

=19. Whiskered Auklet= (_Simorhynchus pygmaeus_). L. 7.5. _Ads., summer._ White feathers at base of sides of bill and, much lengthened, from above and below eye; a crest of slender recurved feathers; above, and throat dark slate fading into white belly. _Yng._ Similar but no crest; little or no white on head. _Notes._ "A low chattering note."

(Nelson.)

Range--"North Pacific, from Unalaska through the Aleutian chain to Kamchatka." (A.O.U.)