A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Part 33

(8) Special reactions. With cobalt-solution on charcoal gives the alumina reaction.

Mineral. Spinel

Formula. [.R][...Al=].

Behavior

(1) in gla.s.s-bulb. --

(2) in open tube. --

(3) on charcoal. --

(4) in forceps. V.

(5) in borax. Gives a slight iron reaction.

(6) in mic. salt. As in borax.

(7) with carb. soda. Fuses partially and forms a porous ma.s.s.

(8) Special reactions. With nitrate of cobalt gives the alumina reaction. With nitre and carbonate of soda a slight manganese reaction.

SILICATES.

The presence of silica in a mineral can easily be ascertained by treating a small fragment in a bead of microcosmic salt. The bases will dissolve out with more or less difficulty in the salt, and the silica being insoluble will remain suspended in the bead, retaining the original form of the fragment. In borax, the silicates of lime and magnesia generally dissolve with considerable ease, but those of alumina slowly and with difficulty. The silicates of lime are moreover frequently characterized by intumescence or ebullition, when heated in the forceps in the blowpipe flame. The minerals presenting this character are marked in the table. As the most convenient mode of cla.s.sifying the silicates for blowpipe examination, the following arrangement will be adopted:

TABLE I.--ANHYDROUS SILICATES.

TABLE II.--HYDROUS SILICATES.

FUSIBILITY.

I. Readily fusible to a bead.

II. With difficulty fusible to a bead.

III. Readily fusible on the edges.

IV. With difficulty fusible on the edges.

V. Infusible.

a. Afford a fluid bead with carbonate of soda.

b. Afford a fluid bead with but little of that salt, but with a larger quant.i.ty a slaggy ma.s.s.

c. Afford a slaggy ma.s.s only.

This cla.s.sification of minerals, according to their fusibility and their behavior with carbonate of soda, was originally proposed by _Berzelius_, and a table of the princ.i.p.al oxidized minerals arranged according to these characters is given in his handbook of the blowpipe, and thence adopted, with some alterations by _Plattner_, in the very excellent and detailed work already many times cited. In the following general table I., the more important silicates only are included, and in table II. are enumerated in alphabetical order those which afford characteristic reactions.

TABLE I.

Anhydrous Silicates.

________________________________________________________________________ Fus. alone and with NaC.

Mineral. Formula.

________________________________________________________________________ I.

a. Axinite ([.Ca][.Mg])^{3}([...B][...Si])^{3} + ([...Al=][...Fe=][...Mn=])^{2}([...Si][...B]) Int.

Elaolite ([.K][.Na])^{3}[...Si] + 3[...Al=][...Si] Int.

Garnet [.R]^{3}[...Si] + [.R=][...Si]

Oligoclase [.Na][...Si] + [...Al=][...Si]^{2} Scapolite ([.Ca][.Na])^{3}[...Si]^{2} + 2[...Al=][...Si] Int.

Spodumene ([.Li][.Na])^{3}[...Si]^{2} + 4[...Al=][...Si]^{2}Int.

b. Asbestos As Hornblende to II.

Augite ([.Ca][.Mg][.Fe][.Mn])^{3}[...Si]^{2} Int.

some var.

Epidote ([.Ca]Fe)^{3}[...Si] + Int.

to III. 2([...Al][...Fe][...Mn])[...Si]

Hornblende ([.Ca][.Mg][.Fe])^{4} + ([...Si][...Al=])^{3} Int.

some var.

Sodalite [.Na]^{3}[...Si] + 3[...Al=][...Si] + NaCl Int.

to III.

Vesuvian 3([.Ca][.Mg])^{3}[...Si] + 2([...Al=][...Fe=])[...Si] Int.

c. Biaxial Mica [.K][...Si] + 4([...Al=][...Fe=])[...Si]

to III.

Hauyne ([.K][.Na])^{3}[...Si] + 3[...Al=][...Si] + [.Na][...Si]

Tourmaline ([.R][...R=][...B])^{4}[...Si]^{3} Int.

to V.

II.

a. Labradorite ([.Ca][.Na][.K])[...Si] + ([...Al=][...Fe=])[...Si]

Lepidolite (KNaL)F + ([...Al=][...Fe=])[...Si]^{2}?

Ryacolite [.K][...Si] + [...Al=][...Si]^{2} Albite [.Na][...Si] + [...Al=][...Si]^{3} b. Augite [.R]^{3}[...Si]^{2} some var.

Actinolite ([.Ca][.Mg][.Fe])^{4}[...Si]^{3} Int.

Diopside ([.Ca][.Mg])^{3}[...Si]^{2} Humboltilite 2([.Ca][.Mg][.Na][.K])[...Si] + ([...Al=][...Fe=])[...Si]

Sahlite As Augite Tremolite ([.Ca][.Mg])^{4}[...Si]^{3} c. Pyrope ([.Ca][.Mg][.Fe])^{3}[...Si] + Al[...Si] + m[...Cr]?

III.

a. Anorthite ([.Ca][.Mg][.Na][.K])^{3}[...Si] + 3([...Al=][...Fe=])[...Si]

Nepheline ([.Na][.K][.Ca])^{2}[...Si] + 2[...Al=][...Si]

Obsidian [...Si],[...Al=],[...Fe=],[.Fe],[.Ca][.Na][.K] Int.

Orthoclase ([.K][.Na])[...Si] + [...Al=][...Si]^{3} Petalite ([.Li][.Na])^{3}[...Si]^{4} + 4[...Al=][...Si]^{4} Pumice [...Si],[...Al=],[.Ca],[.K],[.Na],[.H] Int.

b. Gadolinite ([.Y][.Ce][.La][.Fe][.Ca])^{3}[...Si]

to V.