The Spirit Lake Massacre Part 19

[168] Carpenter's _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 23; Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 85-87; _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, p.

895; Smith's _History of d.i.c.kinson County, Iowa_, pp. 72, 73.

[169] _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, p. 895; Smith's _History of d.i.c.kinson County, Iowa_, pp. 73, 74.

[170] _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, p. 895; Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 225; Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 272; Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 85-89; Carpenter's _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 23.

[171] Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 225.

[172] Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 226.

[173] Flandrau's _The Ink-pa-du-ta Ma.s.sacre of 1857_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. III, pp. 389, 390.

[174] Daniels's _Reminiscences of Little Crow_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 519; Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 237; Flandrau's _The Ink-pa-du-ta Ma.s.sacre of 1857_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. III, p. 390.

CHAPTER XVI

[175] This was the Barnard E. Bee who was later to win fame as a general of the South during the Civil War. During that conflict, he it was who fastened the sobriquet of "Stonewall" upon the Confederate General Thomas E. Jackson in his now famous charge to his men--"For G.o.d's sake stand, men. Stand like Jackson's brigade, on your right, there they stand like a stone wall." Bee was killed in an attempt to hold his brigade in line of battle against a murderous fire in the first battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861.--Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 238; Heitman's _Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army_, Vol.

I, p. 205.

[176] Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 237; Flandrau's _The Ink-pa-du-ta Ma.s.sacre of 1857_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. III, p. 390; report of Captain Barnard E. Bee in _House Executive Doc.u.ments_, 1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt. I, p. 350.

[177] Report of Captain Barnard E. Bee in _House Executive Doc.u.ments_, 1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt. I, No. 2, p. 350.

[178] Flandrau's _The Ink-pa-du-ta Ma.s.sacre of 1857_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. III, pp. 390, 391.

[179] Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 273; _House Executive Doc.u.ments_, 1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt.

I, p. 358.

[180] Flandrau's _The Ink-pa-du-ta Ma.s.sacre of 1857_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. III, p. 391.

[181] Report of Captain Barnard E. Bee in _House Executive Doc.u.ments_, 1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt. I, p. 351.

CHAPTER XVII

[182] Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 23, 1857.

[183] Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 226, 230; Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 23, 1857.

[184] Hoover's _The Tragedy of Okoboji_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. V, pp. 19, 20; Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 23, 1857.

[185] Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 234; Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 23, 1857.

[186] Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 23, 1857.

[187] Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 23, 1857.

[188] The gold with which they paid for their purchases was presumably a portion of that which was taken from Marble's body.--See Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 227.

[189] The Moccasin's camp had been about six miles up the river to the north of Springfield, while the trading post here referred to was nine miles distant. Coursalle, or "Joe Gaboo", was a well-known half-blood Sisseton Sioux. At all times Indians in small numbers were grouped about him; they were always friendly.--Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 226.

[190] Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 227, 228.

[191] Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 23, 1857; Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 228.

CHAPTER XVIII

[192] Carpenter's _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 23; Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 94, 95; Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 229. See also a different version in Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857.

[193] Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 229, 230; Laut's _Heroines of Spirit Lake_ in the _Outing Magazine_, Vol. LI, p. 692; Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 94-99.

[194] Dr. Strong has been considerably maligned as one who upon the first alarm had become so terrified that he summarily fled south, leaving his wife and children to the mercies of an Indian attack. For a more charitable view see Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857.

[195] For somewhat varying accounts of the attack upon the Thomas cabin see Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857; Carpenter's _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, pp. 23-25; Gue's _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, pp. 304, 305; Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 94-99; Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, pp. 275, 276; Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 229, 230; _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, pp. 898, 899.

[196] Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 230.

[197] For the attack upon the Wood brothers see Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 230; Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 275; Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 99, 100.

[198] Report of Captain Barnard E. Bee in _House Executive Doc.u.ments_, 1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt. II, p. 147.

[199] All of the particulars of the events which happened at the Stewart home we owe to the relation of Johnny. He was later adopted into the home of Major William Williams at Fort Dodge and in 1915 was living in Byron, Minnesota, and at that time was one of the four living survivors of the raid. Read accounts in Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 230, 231; Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857; Gue's _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, p.

305; Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 100, 101.

[200] Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 232; Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), p. 107.

[201] Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 148, 149. For Mrs. Marble's impressions see an article from the _St. Paul Pioneer_, May 31, 1857, republished in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 13, 1857.

CHAPTER XIX

[202] Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857; Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 102-104.

[203] Charles Aldrich in an address at the unveiling of a commemorative tablet in the Hamilton County Court House in Webster City, Iowa, on August 12, 1887, states that they started about midnight. It does not seem, however, that such a late hour could have been possible under the circ.u.mstances.--See the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, p. 548.

[204] Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857.

[205] Palmer's _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857; Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 233. For a wholly different view of Dr. Strong see Gue's _History of Iowa_, Vol.

I, pp. 307, 308.

[206] One version of the flight of these refugees tells us that Smith and Henderson were not, at first, left behind but were taken for some distance on hand sleds. This proved impracticable and the men were abandoned. Miss Agnes C. Laut has this plainly in mind when she refers to Mrs. Smith as the "one dame, who abandoned an injured husband on a hand sleigh" and hence does not need to "be preserved as a heroine of the West." This, however, is unfair to Mrs. Smith.--See Miss Laut's _Heroines of Spirit Lake_ in the _Outing Magazine_, Vol. LI, p. 692.

[207] For varied versions of the flight of the Wheeler refugees see Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp.

109, 110; Gue's _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, pp. 307, 308; Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 234.