The Spirit Lake Massacre Part 16

[53] See note 29 above, and _Senate Doc.u.ments_, 1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt. I, p. 342.

[54] Pond's _The Dakotas or Sioux in Minnesota as They Were in 1834_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, pp. 378, 379.

[55] Ida M. Street's _A Chapter of Indian History_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, pp. 601, 602.

CHAPTER IV

[56] Pet.i.tion of R. B. Clark, et al, to Governor Hempstead, July 6, 1854, in the Public Archives, Des Moines, Iowa; Report of Major William Williams to Governor Hempstead, September 1, 1854, in the Public Archives, Des Moines, Iowa.

[57] Mrs. Abbie Gardner-Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1885 edition), pp. 24-31; Flickinger's _Pioneer History of Pocahontas County, Iowa,_ pp. 28, 29.

[58] Fulton's _Red Men of Iowa_, p. 298; Gue's _History of Iowa_, Vol.

I, p. 292; Ingham's _Ink-pa-du-tah's Revenge_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 272; Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 268.

[59] Fulton's _Red Men of Iowa_, p. 281.

[60] Fulton's _Red Men of Iowa_, pp. 281, 282; N. H. Winch.e.l.l's _Aborigines of Minnesota_, p. 551.

[61] Other Indian chieftains who were leaders of the consolidated bands and who were to play a prominent part in later Indian history were t.i.tonka, Ishtahabah or Young Sleepy Eyes, Umpashotah, Wahkonsa, and Kasominee.

The great battles of Iowa's inter-tribal Indian history were fought during the period of the supremacy of these leaders. These battles were mostly fought along the Des Moines, Skunk, Iowa, and Cedar rivers. The most notable were: Mud Lake, southeast of the present site of Webster City, against the Musquakies; a terrific contest with the Sac and Fox near Adel; a second contest quite as sanguinary with the same Indians about six miles north of the present city of Algona in 1852; a second battle with the Musquakies in April, 1852, near Clear Lake; and one on the banks of the Lizard, in which the Sioux, victorious, ended their long contest with the Sac and Fox. It was in the Algona battle that the "lingering remnants of two great nations who had for more than two hundred years waged unrelenting warfare against each other had their last and final struggle."--Smith's _History of d.i.c.kinson County, Iowa_, p. 25. Also Fulton's _Red Men of Iowa_, pp. 282-287; Gue's _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, pp. 288, 289.

[62] Smith's _History of d.i.c.kinson County, Iowa_, p. 29; Hoover's _Tragedy of Okoboji_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. V, p. 15; Richman's _The Tragedy at Minnewaukon_ in _John Brown among the Quakers_, p. 208.

[63] Smith's _History of d.i.c.kinson County, Iowa_, p. 29.

[64] See note 32 above.

[65] Smith's _History of d.i.c.kinson County, Iowa_, p. 29. The date of settlement here is frequently stated as 1847.

[66] Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the Collections of the _Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 264.

[67] For statements concerning the character of Henry Lott see Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 222; Lucas's _The Milton Lott Tragedy_, pp. 1-10; Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, pp. 264-268; _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, p. 890; Gue's _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, p. 289; etc.

[68] Flickinger's _Pioneer History of Pocahontas County, Iowa_, p. 28.

[69] The Madrid (Iowa) Historical Society, on December 18, 1905, the fifty-ninth anniversary of the boy's death, placed an iron marker upon his grave which had but lately been identified.--Lucas's _The Milton Lott Tragedy_, p. 8.

[70] The death of Mrs. Lott is said to have been the first white death in what is now Webster County.--Fulton's _Red Men of Iowa_, p. 296.

[71] This cabin was in Dallas County, about five miles southwest of Madrid. Here Lott lived until the autumn of 1847.--Lucas's _The Milton Lott Tragedy_, p. 5.

[72] To be definite, the cabin of Lott was in Section 16, Towns.h.i.+p 93, Range 28 West, very near the west line of the section.--Fulton's _Red Men of Iowa_, p. 297.

[73] Stories as to the ruse used differ, but all now quite generally accept the elk incident. At the same time the a.s.sertion has been made that the incident never happened, but that Lott found at the lodge of Sidominadota silverware stolen from him in 1847, and committed murder forthwith.

[74] Some writers concerning this incident aver that both the girl and boy escaped unharmed while others more romantically mention the boy as left for dead, while the girl escaping unharmed in the darkness later returned to the rescue of her brother. The boy, whose name was Joshpaduta, was later taken charge of by a white family named Carter who gave him a home. The boy would often leave and be gone for many days when he would again return. He is said, just before the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre, to have warned these people of the impending trouble and then to have disappeared. He never returned, and the presumption is that he became a member of that band or was killed by them for telling.--Flickinger's _Pioneer History of Pocahontas County, Iowa_, p. 28; Gue 's _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, p. 291; Smith's _History of d.i.c.kinson County, Iowa_, p. 30.

[75] See Fulton's _Red Men of Iowa_, pp. 293-299; Flickinger's _Pioneer History of Pocahontas County, Iowa_, p. 28; Ingham's _Ink-pa-du-tah's Revenge_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 271; Smith's _History of d.i.c.kinson County_, Iowa, pp. 29, 31; Gue's _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, pp. 289-292.

[76] Fulton's _Red Men of Iowa_, pp. 298, 299; Flickinger's _Pioneer History of Pocahontas County, Iowa_, p. 28; Lucas's _The Milton Lott Tragedy_, p. 7; Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 268.

[77] Another report declared that the prosecuting attorney of Hamilton County had nailed the head above the entrance to his home in Homer.

Note what is said in Flickinger's _Pioneer History of Pocahontas County, Iowa_, p. 28; Ingham's _Ink-pa-du-tah's Revenge_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 271; Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, pp. 268, 269.

CHAPTER V

[78] Smith's _The Iowa Frontier During the War of the Rebellion_ in the _Proceedings of the Pioneer Lawmakers' a.s.sociation of Iowa for 1898_, p. 56.

[79] Smith's _The Iowa Frontier During the War of the Rebellion_ in the _Proceedings of the Pioneer Lawmakers' a.s.sociation of Iowa for 1898_, p. 56.

[80] Carpenter's _Major William Williams_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. II, p. 151.

[81] Ingham's _Ink-pa-du-tah's Revenge_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol.

IV, p. 272.

[82] The _Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, p. 892.

[83] Gue's _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, p. 292; Fulton's _Red Men of Iowa_, pp. 300, 301; _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, p. 892; Gillespie and Steele's _History of Clay County, Iowa_, pp. 55, 56.

[84] See note 83 above and also Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), p. 43; _House Executive Doc.u.ments_, 1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt. I, p. 357.

[85] A. Warner and Company's _History of the Counties of Woodbury and Plymouth_, Iowa, p. 295.

[86] W. S. Dunbar and Company's _Biographical History of Cherokee County, Iowa_, pp. 233-238.

[87] Wegerslev and Walpole's _Past and Present of Buena Vista County, Iowa_, pp. 37, 38; Perkins's _History of O'Brien County, Iowa_, pp.

10, 11.

[88] Flandrau's _The Ink-pa-du-ta Ma.s.sacre of 1857_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. III, p. 388.

[89] Smith's _The Iowa Frontier During the War of the Rebellion_ in the _Proceedings of the Pioneer Lawmakers' a.s.sociation of Iowa for 1898_, p. 56.

[90] Carpenter's _Major William Williams_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. II, p. 152.

[91] Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 270.

[92] For further reading concerning the character of the winter of 1856-1857 see Hubbard and Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 223; Richman's _The Tragedy at Minnewaukon_ in _John Brown among the Quakers_, pp. 210-212; J. F. Duncombe's _The Spirit Lake Relief Expedition of 1857_ in the _Proceedings of the Pioneer Lawmakers' a.s.sociation of Iowa for 1898_, p. 38; _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, p. 892; Carpenter's _Major William Williams_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. II, p. 152; Hughes's _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 270; Carpenter's _The Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, pp. 19, 20.

CHAPTER VI

[93] Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), p. 7; Lee's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_, p. 7.

[94] Mrs. Sharp's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 8-14; Lee's _History of the Spirit Lake Ma.s.sacre_, pp.

7, 8.