Narrative of Services in the Liberation of Chili, Peru and Brazil Volume I Part 11

"In your Lords.h.i.+p's absence I took the liberty to write to the Government and make their complaints known, but the Minister of Marine did not even give me an answer."

"The greater portion have now left the s.h.i.+p and are all gone ash.o.r.e, so that under existing circ.u.mstances, and with the dissatisfaction of the officers and the remainder of the s.h.i.+p's company I do not hold myself responsible for any accident that may happen to the s.h.i.+p until these difficulties are removed, as the cables are bad and not to be trusted to, and we have no anchor sufficient to hold her."

"PAUL DELANO, _Captain_."

On Captain Delano sending his first lieutenant on sh.o.r.e to persuade the men to return to the s.h.i.+p, he was arrested by order of the Government and put in prison, the Protector's object being to get all the men to desert, thus furthering his views towards the appropriation of the squadron.

The _Galvarino_ was even in a worse condition, so that I deemed it expedient to address a letter to the s.h.i.+p's company asking them to continue at their duty till I could devise means for their relief; with what result the following letter from Captain Esmond, commanding the _Galvarino_ will shew.

_Galvarino_, Sept. 8th, 1821.

MY LORD,

Pursuant to your Excellency's order, I have read your letter of the 6th instant to the s.h.i.+p's company, respecting your communication with His Excellency the Protector, concerning arrears of pay, prize-money, &c.

I am sorry to inform your Excellency that they still persist in their demands, _and are determined not to proceed to sea_.

I. ESMOND, _Captain_.

On the 19th, the foreign seamen of the flag-s.h.i.+p itself mutinied in a body, on which my flag-captain, Crosbie, wrote me the following letter:--

MY LORD,

It is with the utmost regret I have to inform your Lords.h.i.+p that being ready for sea early this morning, the foreigners refused heaving up the anchor in consequence of arrears of pay and prize-money, and to my great surprise many of the natives also came aft.

I endeavoured by persuasive means to induce them to return quietly and willingly to their duty, which had no effect. Knowing well, had I commenced hostile measures to enforce those orders the consequence might be serious, I refrained therefrom, being aware of your Lords.h.i.+p's wish to conduct everything as peaceably as possible.

The names of the foreigners who refuse going to sea I have the honour to enclose to your Lords.h.i.+p, and also to enclose several letters sent me officially from Captain Cobbett, of the _Valdivia_.

I.S. CROSBIE, _Captain_.

Not to multiply these letters from other Commanders, I will adduce two written by the whole of the English and North-American seamen themselves.

Captin Crosby,

Sir, It his the request of us all in the s.h.i.+p's Company to inform you that we would wish to acquaint his Lords.h.i.+p that we was promised by General San Martin to receive a bounty of 50,000 dollars and the Total Amount of the Spanish Frigate _Ismeralda_, it his the Sole thought of us all that if San Martin had any Honure he would not breck his promises wish out to have been fulfilled Long a go.

s.h.i.+p's Company of _O'Higgins_.

Capt. Corbet

It is the request of us all On Bord the Chili States s.h.i.+p _Valdivia_ To aquaint you that we are disatisfied on account of our pay and prize money, and likewise the promises made to us on leaving Valpariso, it is likewise our Determination not to weigh the anchor of the _Valdivia_ untill we get the whole of our wages and prize money, likewise a number of us is a Bove twelvemonths aBove our time that we s.h.i.+pt for And we should likewise wish our Discharge and let them that wish to Reenter Again May do as they think proppre as we consider this a patriot port.

The s.h.i.+p's Company at large of the _Valdivia_.

Capt Crosby, Esq

We would wish to acquaint you of wot his bean read to us on board of the different C. States s.h.i.+p under his Lords.h.i.+p's Command Concerning the Capture of the _Ismeralda_.

Sir it was thus the importance of the Service performed by your Lords.h.i.+p to the States by the Capture of the Spanish Frigat _Ismeralda_, and the brillant manner in which this n.o.ble enterprize was conducted under your Command on the memorable night of the fifth of November, has aurgumented the claims which your previous services gave to the Consideration of the government and those that is Interested in thar cause as well as my present esteem.

All those who partook in the risk and glory of this Interprise deserves also the estermation of thar Companions in the Army, and I enjoy the pleasure of being the Organ of thar Sentiments of Admiration Wich so important an action as praduced in the officers and army, Permit me tharfore to express such thar sentiments to your Lords.h.i.+p that may be communicated to the Officers and Seamen and troops of the Sqwardon.

Regarding the premium for the Frigat It is to be regretted that the memorey of so herioic an Interprise should be mixed with the painful ideer that blood as been shed in Accomplishment, and we hope that your Lords.h.i.+p and the Gallant Officers and Seamen may be enabbled to give new days of Glorry to the cause of indispendence.

s.h.i.+p's Company, _O'Higgins_.

N.B.--Warre One Single Sentiment his not been fulfilled.

This letter, though somewhat incomprehensible, was intended as a farewell complimentary address to myself, previous to the desertion of the flag-s.h.i.+p; and, had this taken place, there was no doubt that the s.h.i.+ps' companies of the whole squadron would have followed the example, so that the Protector would have gained his ends, in spite of my endeavours to keep the men faithful to the flag under which they were engaged to serve.

Fortunately for Chili and myself, an occurrence took place which averted the evil, and was brought about by the very means which the Protector had devised to promote his individual views.

The occurrence alluded to, was the embarkation of large sums of money by the Protector in his yacht _Sacramento_, which had cast out her ballast to stow the silver, and in a merchant vessel in the harbour, to the exclusion of the _Lantaro_ frigate, then at the anchorage. This money was sent to Ancon, on the pretence of placing it in safety from any attack by the Spanish forces, but possibly to secure it for the further purposes of the Protector. The squadron having thus ocular demonstration that its arrears could be paid, but were not, both officers and men refused longer to continue in a service which had brought them nothing but prolonged suffering.

My own views coincided with theirs, and I determined that the squadron should be no longer starved nor defrauded. I therefore sailed to Ancon, and personally seized the treasure, before witnesses; respecting all that professed to belong to private individuals, and also the whole of that contained in the Protector's schooner, _Sacramento_, considering it his private property, though it could not have been other than plunder wrested from the Limenos. Independently of this yacht-load of silver, there were also on board, seven _surrones_ (sacks) of uncoined gold, brought down on his account by the Legate Parroisien; so that, after all the moveable wealth of Lima was supposed to have been previously deposited for safety in the castles of Callao, but carried off by Cantarac, the condition of the unhappy Limenos may be imagined, from the additional sums of which they were subsequently deprived.

I immediately made proclamation, that all private individuals, having the customary doc.u.ments, might receive their property upon application, and considerable sums were thus given up to Dr. Unanue, Don Juan Aguero, Don Manuel Silva, Don Manuel Primo, Don Francisco Kamirez, and several others, though connected with the Government. Besides which, I gave up 40,000 dollars to the commissary of the army, who claimed it; so that, having returned all the money for which dockets were produced, there remained 285,000 dollars, which was subsequently applied to the payment of one year's arrears to every individual of the squadron; but relying on the justice of the Chilian Government, I took no part myself, reserving the small surplus that remained for the more pressing exigencies and re-equipment of the squadron.

Accounts of the whole money seized, were forwarded to the Minister of Marine at Valparaiso, as well as vouchers for its disburs.e.m.e.nt, and in due course, I received the approbation of the Chilian Government for what had been done.

General San Martin entreated, in the most earnest terms, the restoration of the treasure, promising the faithful fulfilment of all his former engagements. Letter after letter was sent, begging me to save the credit of the Government, and pretending that the money seized was all the Government possessed for indispensable daily expenses. To this I replied, that had I been aware that the treasure spared in the _Sacramento_ was the property of Government, and not that of the Protector, I would have seized it also, and retained it till the debts due to the squadron were liquidated. Finding all arguments unavailing, and that no attention was paid to his threats, the Protector--to save the credit of his Government--addressed a proclamation to the squadron, confirming the distribution which was going on by my orders, at the same time writing to me, that I "might employ the money as I thought proper."

San Martin afterwards accused me to the Chilian Government of seizing the whole of the treasure, that in his yacht included, which, at a low computation, must have been worth several millions of dollars, which were all left untouched. He also a.s.serted, that I had retained the whole belonging to private individuals, though each _real_ claimed was given up, as was well known to every individual concerned, and he also knew that I did not retain a penny on my own account. Nevertheless, he added, that I had kept the whole myself,--that, in consequence, the squadron was in a state of mutiny, and the seamen were abandoning their s.h.i.+ps to offer their services to the Government of Peru! the fact being, that those who went on sh.o.r.e to spend their pay after the fas.h.i.+on of sailors, were prevented from returning on board, a lieutenant of my flag-s.h.i.+p being put in jail for attempting to bring them off again.

The first intimation of this outrage was conveyed by the officer himself, in the following letter, from his place of confinement.

My Lord,

Whilst obeying your Lords.h.i.+p's orders in bringing off the men to the _O'Higgins_, Captain Guise sent his Lieutenant to tell me that I could not s.h.i.+p any more men. My answer was, that, till I received contrary orders from you I could not think of desisting.

I then went to Captain Guise to tell him your orders, and he told me, that it was the Governor's order that I should not do it; he likewise told me, that several officers had spoken against the Government, instancing Captain Cobbett and others. He then asked me, whether I thought that your Lords.h.i.+p's _robbery_! of the money at Ancon was right? and, whether I believed that the Government meant to keep its promise, and pay us, or not? My answer was, that I thought your Lords.h.i.+p had acted perfectly right, and that, in my opinion, the Government never intended to pay us; upon which, he ordered me to be seized.

My Lord, I am now a prisoner in the Case-mates, and am told that the Governor has written to you on the subject. The men, my Lord, will, I have no doubt, come off, as many have promised me to do so, to-morrow morning. Hoping that your Lords.h.i.+p will enquire into the circ.u.mstance, I remain, &c. &c,

J. PAYNTOR.

On receipt of this, I immediately demanded his release, which was complied with.

Before distributing the money to the squadron, I took the precaution to request that a commissary of the Government might be sent on board to take part in the payment of the crews. As this was not complied with, I again urged it, but without effect--the object of not attending to the request being, as was afterwards learned, the expectation that I should place the money in his hands ash.o.r.e, when it doubtless would have been seized, without payment to officers or men. This was, however, foreseen, the Government being informed by me that "the money was on board ready for distribution, whilst the people were on board ready to receive it, there was, therefore no necessity to take it on sh.o.r.e;" it was then distributed by my own officers.

Annoyed beyond measure at my having taken such steps to restore order in the squadron by doing justice to the officers and men, the Protector, on the very day, September 26th, on which he told me by letter to "make what use I pleased of the money," sought to revenge himself by sending on board the s.h.i.+ps of the squadron his two _aides-de-camp_, Colonel Paroissien and Captain Spry, with papers for distribution, stating that "the squadron of Chili was under the command of the Protector of Peru, and not under that of the Admiral, who was an inferior officer in the service; and that it was consequently the duty of the Captains and Commanders to obey the orders of the Protector and not mine." One of these papers was immediately brought to me by that excellent and highly honourable officer, Captain Simpson, of the _Araucano_ (now an Admiral in the Chilian service), to whose s.h.i.+p's company it had been delivered.

These emissaries offered, in the name of the Protector, commissions, and the promise of honours, t.i.tles, and estates to all such officers as might accept service under the Government of Peru.

From the _Araucano_, the Protector's envoys went to the _Valdivia_, where similar papers were given to the men, and Captain Cobbett, nephew of the celebrated William Cobbett, was reminded of the preference which an officer, for his own interests, ought to give to the service of a rich state like Peru, in place of adhering to Chili, which must soon dwindle to comparative insignificance; besides which the authority of the Protector over the Chilian forces being unquestionable, it was the duty of the officers to obey the orders of the Protector as General-in-Chief. Captain Cobbett, who was a faithful and excellent officer, sarcastically inquired of Spry whether, if his disobedience to the Admiral brought him to a court-martial, the Protector's authority would ensure him an acquittal? This closed the argument; for Spry being at the time under sentence of court-martial, the question was much too pertinent to be pleasant, especially as he by no means felt confident that Cobbett might not seize him as a deserter.

Unfortunately for the emissaries, my flag-captain, Crosbie, was on a visit to Captain Cobbett, and on learning their errand he pushed off to the flag-s.h.i.+p with the intelligence. Observing this movement they immediately followed, judging it more prudent to visit me than to run the risk of being compelled so to do. At one o'clock in the morning their boat came alongside, when Paroissien solicited an interview, Spry remaining in the boat, having his own reasons for not wis.h.i.+ng to attract my attention. Paroissien then addressed me with the most high-flown promises, a.s.suring me of the Protector's wish, notwithstanding all that had occurred, to confer upon me the highest honours and rewards, amongst others the decoration of the newly-created order of "the Sun," and telling me how much better it would be for me to be First Admiral of a rich country like Peru, than Vice-Admiral of a poor province like Chili.