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"There are two...and odious": WHS, "The Election of 1848, Cleveland, Ohio, October 26, 1848," Works of William H. Seward, Vol. III, pp. 291302.
"of making voters...to intermarry": AL's speech, "Fourth Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Charleston, Illinois," September 18, 1858, in CW, III, p. 145.
radicalism of the Western Reserve: Smith, The Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the Old Northwest, pp. 1314, 3132, 128.
the Cleveland Plain Dealer charged: Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 27, 1848.
"'Can nothing'...can and must do it": WHS, "The Election of 1848," Works of William H. Seward, Vol. III, p. 301.
"a political crime...political evil": TW, quoted in Van Deusen, Thurlow Weed, p. 90.
"this question of slavery...partisan conflicts": TW, Albany Evening Journal, 1836, in Seward, An Autobiography, p. 319.
his provocative language: WHS to TW, March 31, 1850, Weed Papers; Holman Hamilton, Zachary Taylor: Soldier in the White House, Vol. II (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1951), pp. 32122.
not fully "ripened": WHS to unknown recipient, May 28, 1846, in Seward, An Autobiography, p. 809.
"wanted to level society up, not down": Van Deusen, Thurlow Weed, p. 166.
"Probably no man...warmly appreciated": NYTrib, quoted in Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, p. 113.
a Southern senator..."a shudder": Seward, Seward at Was.h.i.+ngton...18461861, p. 119.
"If we ever find...your odious neck": "Georgia Savannah" to WHS, January 22, 1850, in ibid., p. 130.
balance of power in the Ohio legislature: [Albert G. Riddle], "The Election of Salmon P. Chase to the Senate, February 22, 1849," The Republic 4 (March 1875), p. 180; Schuckers, The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase, p. 91.
Dr. Norton Townshend and John F. Morse: See Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 118; Schuckers, The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase, pp. 9192.
drafted a deal...extensive patronage: SPC to Sarah Bella D. L. Chase, December 20, 1848, reel 7, Chase Papers; Hart, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 10409, 112.
Chase journeyed to Columbus...money to more than one paper: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 11719, 121.
"After the Senatorial Election...rely on me": SPC to Edward S. Hamlin, January 17, 1849 (erroneously dated 1848), reel 7, Chase Papers.
advanced money to..."mortgage to myself": SPC to Stanley Matthews (copybook version), February 26, 1849, reel 7, Chase Papers.
"It is really important...Morse especially": SPC to Edward S. Hamlin, January 17, 1849 (erroneously dated 1848), reel 7, Chase Papers.
"Every thing...of the Cause": SPC to John F. Morse, January 19, [1849], reel 7, Chase Papers. The recipient's name does not appear on the letter itself, but he has been identified as John F. Morse. See Vol. II of Niven, ed., the Salmon P. Chase papers, pp. 21619.
"Every act...meant His Own": Ohio State Journal, quoted in Blue, Salmon P. Chase, p. 72.
voted to repeal the hated Black Laws: Noah Brooks, Statesmen (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1904), p. 158.
"not see how...or profit by it": Horace Greeley to SPC, April 16, 1852, reel 9, Chase Papers.
"It lost to him...his political after life": Riddle, "The Election of Salmon P. Chase," Republic (1875), p. 183.
Certainly, his willingness to sever...custom of the times: Ibid., p. 183; Blue, Salmon P. Chase, p. 90; Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 14647.
"I can hardly...of our cause": CS to SPC, February 27, 1849, reel 7, Chase Papers.
"to be first wherever I may be": SPC to Charles D. Cleveland, February 8, 1830, reel 4, Chase Papers.
CHAPTER 5: THE TURBULENT FIFTIE
Spopulation: "Area and Population of the United States: 17901970," series A 15, in U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970, Bicentennial Edition, Part 1 (Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1975), p. 8.
Nearly three fourths...partic.i.p.ated: "Voter Partic.i.p.ation in Presidential Elections, 18241928," available at infoplease website, www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0877659.html (accessed July 2005).
"were the daily fare...are undervalued": Charles Ingersoll, quoted in Appleby, Inheriting the Revolution, p. 102.
"Look into the morning...second breakfast": Ralph Waldo Emerson, "The Fugitive Slave Law," reprinted in The Portable Emerson, new ed., ed. Carl Bode, with Malcolm Cowley (New York: Penguin Books, 1981), p. 542.
"You meet...ale- and oyster-houses": Ludwig Gall, quoted in Appleby, Inheriting the Revolution, pp. 1023.
"The nullifiers...Potomac river": Andrew Jackson, quoted in Marquis James, Andrew Jackson: Portrait of a President (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1937), p. 324.
three fifths of a person...lawful masters: U.S. Const.i.tution, Section I, Article II, and Section IV, Article II.
"written in the bond...its obligations": John Quincy Adams, quoted in Potter, The Impending Crisis, 18481861, p. 47.
"If by your legislation...for disunion": Robert Toombs, debate in the House of Representatives, December 13, 1849, Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., p. 28.
Mississippi called for a convention: Potter, The Impending Crisis, 18481861, pp. 88, 94, 104.
"We read...nuptial couch, everywhere!": Thomas Hart Benton, May 31, 1848, Appendix to the Congressional Globe, 30th Cong., 1st sess., p. 686.
"We must concern...of life and death": John Randolph, quoted in Margaret L. Coit, John C. Calhoun: American Portrait (Atlanta, Ga.: Cherokee Publis.h.i.+ng Co., 1990), p. 166.
"antagonistical elements": WHS, "The Election of 1848, Cleveland, Ohio, October 26, 1848," Works of William H. Seward, Vol. III, p. 295.
"It is a great mistake...except force": John C. Calhoun, "The Compromise," March 4, 1850, Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., p. 453.
All eyes turned to...Henry Clay: Robert V. Remini, Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union (New York and London: W. W. Norton & Co., 1991), pp. 73038.
"regarded by all...man for a crisis": AL, "Eulogy on Henry Clay," July 6, 1852, in CW, II, p. 129.
"the spirit and the fire of youth": James S. Pike, "Mr. Clay's Speech," May 20, 1850, from the NYTrib, reprinted in James S. Pike, First Blows of the Civil War: The Ten Years of Preliminary Conflict in the United States (New York: American News Company, 1879), p. 72.
Henry Clay speech, resolutions: "Compromise Resolutions. Speech of Mr. Clay, of Kentucky, in the Senate of the United States, February 5 and 6, 1850," Appendix to the Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., pp. 11527 (quotes pp. 115, 127).
denied a jury trial...hunt down escapees: Potter, The Impending Crisis, 18481861, pp. 13031.
"if the direful...heart-rending spectacle": "Compromise Resolutions. Speech of Mr. Clay," Appendix to the Congressional Globe, p. 127.
