Introduction to the History of Religions Part 72

[1887] So Wellhausen, _Prolegomena to the History of Israel_ (Eng. tr.), p. 62. In the Roman _sacra gentilicia_ it was rather the divinized ancestors who were the guests--they were entertained by the living.

[1888] In his article "Sacrifice" in _Encyclopaedia Brittanica_ (1886) and his _Religion of the Semites_ (new ed., 1894).

[1889] The a.s.sumption that the victim is a totem is not necessary to his argument, which rests on the sacredness (that is, the divinity) of the victim--a fact universally admitted.

[1890] Isa. lxv, lxvi.

[1891] Spencer and Gillen, _Native Tribes of Central Australia_; id., _Native Tribes of Northern Australia_.

[1892] On this point and on Smith's theory in general see the exposition of the theory by Jevons, _Introduction to the History of Religion_, chap. xii.

[1893] _The Dying G.o.d_ (part iii of 3d ed. of _The Golden Bough_).

[1894] _Wald- und Feldkulte_, 2d ed., ii, 273 ff.

[1895] _L'annee sociologique_, ii, 115 ff.

[1896] Frazer, _The Dying G.o.d_, chap. ii, -- 2.

[1897] Cf. Frazer, _Adonis Attis Osiris_ (part iv of 3d ed.

of _The Golden Bough_); 2d ed. of _The Golden Bough_, ii, 365 f.

[1898] Article "Dido" in Roscher's _Lexikon_; Saussaye, _Religion of the Teutons_, p. 231.

[1899] For the view that Odin's self-sacrifice is merely an imitation of the reception into the Odin-cult see Meyer, _Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte_, p. 241.

[1900] _L'annee sociologique_, ii.

[1901] _Yajur-Veda_, pa.s.sim; _catapatha Brahmana_, i, 3, 6, 8; ii, 6, 2; Hopkins, _Religions of India_, p. 188 al.; Bloomfield, _Religion of the Veda_, pp. 31 ff., 215.

[1902] _Elements of the Science of Religion_ (Gifford Lectures), ii, 144 ff.

[1903] Plato (_Laws_, iii, 716) says that a bad man gets no benefit from sacrifice.

[1904] _Laws_, i, 631, 642.

[1905] Ps. xix, 7 ff.; cxix.

[1906] Ps. xl, 7; l, 8-15; li, 18 f., al.

[1907] Amos, v, 21 ff.; Isa. i, 11 ff.; Mic. vi, 6 ff.; Jer.

vii, 21 ff.

[1908] See Ellis, _E?e_ (Dahomi), _Ts.h.i.+_ (Ashanti), _Yoruba_; Miss Kingsley, _Travels_; Codrington, _The Melanesians_; Turner, _Samoa_; articles "Andeans," "Bantu,"

"Bengal," "Brazil," al., in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_.

[1909] Rivers, _The Todas_, chaps. vi, xi, xiii.

[1910] Cf. also Crooke's _Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India_, in which similar customs are mentioned.

[1911] Chapter iii.

[1912] Dixon, _The Northern Maidu_ and _The Shasta_. For Korea see H. G. Underwood, _Religions of Eastern Asia_.

[1913] _L'annee sociologique_, ii; see above, -- 1049.

[1914] Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers. A single early detail is mentioned in 1 Sam. ii, 13 ff. For the later Jewish ceremonial see article "Sacrifice" in _Encyclopaedia Biblica_.

[1915] Mariette, _Abydos_; Maspero, _Dawn of Civilization_ (Eng. tr.), p. 121 ff.; Erman, _Handbook of Egyptian Religion_, pp. 46-49, 122, 179 f. (reports of Herodotus).

[1916] For Babylonia see Jastrow, _Religion of Babylonia and a.s.syria_, Index, s.v. _Rituals_; for Mazdean, De Harles, _Avesta_, Introduction, pp. clxvi, clxx.

[1917] _Journal of the American Oriental Society_, xx, 58 ff.; cf. De Groot, in Saussaye, _Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte_, p. 60 ff.

[1918] Foucart, _a.s.sociations religieuses chez les Grecs_; Jevons, _Introduction to History of Religion_, chap. xxiii; De Jong, _Das antike Mysterienwesen_, p. 18 ff.

[1919] c.u.mont, _Mysteries of Mithra_.

[1920] Apuleius, _Metamorphoses_, chap. xi.

[1921] 1 Cor. xi, 20 ff.; xiv (cf. Acts ii, 46); _Teaching of the Twelve Apostles_, chap. ix f.

[1922] So, for instance, postures in prayer, such as kneeling, bowing, standing.

[1923] The _Amarna Letters; Records of Ancient Egypt_, ed.

Breasted; cuneiform inscriptions. The Egyptian king, however, was regarded as divine.

[1924] Gibbon, chaps. xiii (Diocletian), xl, year 532; cf.

descriptions in Scott's _Count Robert of Paris_.

[1925] Daniel, _Codex Liturgicus_; articles "Liturgie" and "Messe" in Herzog-Hauck, _Real-Encyklopadie_; articles "Liturgy" and "Liturgical Books" in Smith and Cheatham, _Dictionary of Christian Antiquities_.

[1926] Cf. J. Lippert, _Allgemeine Geschichte des Priesterthums_; Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas_, Index, s.v. _Priests_.

[1927] On priestly taboos see Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 2d ed., Index, s.v.; these are often of the same sort as royal taboos. See above, -- 595 ff. For Hebrew priestly taboos see Ezek. xliv, Lev. xxi f.

[1928] Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas_, i, 348, 381.

[1929] Not all these conditions were to be found in any one community.

[1930] Westermarck, op. cit., ii, 406 ff.

[1931] Pausanias, ii, 33, 3.

[1932] For a possible case see Wilkinson, _The Ancient Egyptians_, 1st ed., i, 317.

[1933] Ellis, _E?e_, p. 141; Ward, _History, Literature and Religion of the Hindoos_, ii, 134; Jastrow, _Religion of Babylonia and a.s.syria_, p. 660; Hos. iv, 14; Deut. xxiii, 17 f. (prohibition); Gen. x.x.xviii, 14 ff.

[1934] Erman, _Handbook of Egyptian Religion_, pp. 72, 221, is disposed to reject the statement of Strabo (xvii, i, 46) that there was libertinage at Thebes. Cf. Wilkinson, _The Ancient Egyptians_, Index, s.v. _Priestesses_.