Introduction to the History of Religions Part 69

Ellis, _E?e_, _Ts.h.i.+_, _Yoruba_; Skeat, _Malay Magic_; Skeat and Blagden, _Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula_; Hopkins, _Religions of India_.

[1743] Aston, _s.h.i.+nto_; Knox, _Development of Religion in j.a.pan_.

[1744] _The Kalevala_; Castren, _Finnische Mythologie_.

[1745] Prescott, _Conquest of Mexico_ and _Conquest of Peru_; Winsor, _Narrative and Critical History of America_; Brinton, _American Hero-Myths_, Index; Lang, _Myth, Ritual, and Religion_, Index, s.vv. _Mexican Divine Myths_ and _Peruvian Myths_.

[1746] Ehrenreich, _Mythen und Legenden der sudamericanischen Urvolker_.

[1747] De Groot, _Religious System of China_.

[1748] The _Avesta_; Spiegel, _Eranische Alterthumskunde_, vol. ii, bk. iv, chaps. i, ii; De Harlez, _Avesta_, Introduction, p. lx.x.xiv ff.; _The Shahnameh_.

[1749] Maspero, _Dawn of Civilization_, p. 155 ff.; Steindorff, _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, p. 106 ff.

[1750] Plutarch, _Isis and Osiris_; Steindorff, op. cit., Index, s.vv. _Isis_ and _Osiris_; Roscher, _Lexikon_, articles "Isis," "Usire."

[1751] R. F. Harper, _a.s.syrian and Babylonian Literature_; Jastrow, _Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and a.s.syria_, Index, s.v. _Myths_.

[1752] Job xxvi, 12; Ps. lx.x.xix, 11 [10]; Isa. li, 9.

[1753] Deut. x.x.xii, 8 f.

[1754] Gen. iv, 17 ff.; v, vi, 4; Ezek. x.x.xii, 27 (revised text).

[1755] Gen. iii, 14 ff. On the loss of immortality see above, -- 834.

[1756] On the ceremony of mourning for Tammuz (Ezek. viii, 14) see Jastrow, _Religion of Babylonia and a.s.syria_, p. 574 ff.; Pseudo-Lucian, _De Syria Dea_. In Babylonia the ceremony appears to have been an official lament for the loss of vegetation (the women mourners being attached to the temple); in Syria (Hierapolis) it took on orgiastic elements (perhaps an importation from Asia Minor). The women of Ezek.

viii were attached, probably, to the service of the temple.

[1757] Barth, _Religions of India_; Hopkins, _Religions of India_; Macdonell, _Vedic Mythology_; Lang, _Myth, Ritual, and Religion_, Index.

[1758] This is true of all mythical and legendary creations of the thought of communities, but in an especial degree of the Greek.

[1759] Saussaye, _Religion of the Teutons_, Index, s.v.

_Myths_; he distinguishes between the earlier and the later stories; R. M. Meyer, _Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte_, chaps. iii, iv.

[1760] Folk-lore and legend mingle with the myths.

[1761] See R. M. Meyer, op. cit., p. 444 ff.

[1762] Even in great modern religions nominally monotheistic a virtual polytheism continues to exist.

[1763] See above, -- 683 ff.

[1764] This conception survives in the great polytheistic cults, and may be recognized in the later religions of redemption.

[1765] Compare the Brazilian Tapuyas (Botocudos); see article "Brazil" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_.

[1766] For West Africa cf. A. B. Ellis, _Yoruba_, p. 87; _Ts.h.i.+_, chaps. iii-viii; _E?e_, chaps. iii-v.

[1767] -- 365 ff. On this att.i.tude see the reports of the religions of particular peoples and the summaries of such reports in dictionaries and encyclopedias, and in such works as Steinmetz, _Ethnologische Studien zur ersten Entwicklung der Strafe_; Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas_; also articles in the _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, the reports of the American Bureau of Ethnology, and similar publications.

[1768] Theoph. Hahn, _Tsuni-Goam_, p. 38.

[1769] Hollis, _The Masai_, p. 264 f.

[1770] Skeat, _Malay Magic_, pp. 93 ff., 320 ff.

[1771] Batchelor, _The Ainu_, pp. 193 f., 200.

[1772] Wellhausen, _Reste arabischen Heidentumes_, p. 135 ff.; W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, Index, s.v.

_Jinn_.

[1773] R. C. Temple, article "Andamans" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_.

[1774] For example, by Waitz, _Anthropologie_, iii, pp. 182 f., 330, 334 f.; Waitz expresses doubt (p. 345) as to the correctness of certain accounts of the religious ideas of the Oregon tribes.

[1775] Gatschet, _Migration Legend of the Creeks_, p. 215 f., Brinton, _The Lenape_, p. 67 f.; Dorsey, _The Skidi p.a.w.nee_, p. xviii f.; Dixon, _The Shasta_, p. 491 ff.

[1776] On methods of accounting for the existence of death in the world see above, -- 834.

[1777] Brebeuf's account is given in _Relation des Jesuites dans la nouvelle France_, 1635, p. 34; 1636, p. 100; cf. the edition of the _Relation_ by R. G. Thwaites, viii, 116 ff.; x, 126 f. Brebeuf appears to have followed Sagard, _Canada_ (see Troas ed., p. 452 ff.). The story is discussed by Brinton, in _Myths of the New World_, 3d ed., p. 79 ff., and his criticism is adopted by Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, 3d ed., ii, 322.

[1778] Brinton, op. cit., p. 77.

[1779] Cf. Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, ii, 334 ff.; article "Algonquins" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_, pp. 320, 323.

[1780] Batchelor, _The Ainu_, and his article in Hastings, op. cit.

[1781] Hopkins, _Religions of India_, p. 528 ff. The influence of Brahmanism is possible here; but cf. Hopkins, op. cit., p. 530, note 3.

[1782] Maspero, _Dawn of Civilization_, pp. 172, 202; Breasted, _History of Egypt_, p. 571; Steindorff, _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, p. 67 ff.

[1783] This myth may have trickled down to them (through the Canaanites or in some other way) in subdued form--it appears, perhaps, in the serpent of Gen. iii; but it seems to have been adopted in full form at a later time, apparently in or after the sixth century B.C.

[1784] Rohde, _Psyche_, Index, s.v. _Erinyen_; articles "Ate," "Erinys," in Roscher's _Lexikon_.

[1785] On the diverse elements in Loki's character, and on his diabolification, see Saussaye, _Religion of the Teutons_, p. 259 ff.; R. M. Meyer, _Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte_, p. 335 ff. (Loki as fire-G.o.d developed out of a fire-demon).

[1786] Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_, article "Celts," p. 289. On the anthropinizing or the distinctly euhemerizing treatment of these two personages see Rhys, _Celtic Folklore_, Index, s.vv.

[1787] Hopkins, _Religions of India_, pp. 367, 377, 414.

[1788] See above, -- 857.

[1789] It has been suggested that climatic conditions (sharp contrasts of storm and calm, with consequent strain and peace in life) led to this dual arrangement. But we do not know that there were specially strong contrasts of weather in the Iranian home, and there is no mention of such a situation in the early doc.u.ments, in which the complaint is of inroads of predatory bands from the steppe.

[1790] See above, -- 742 ff.