Introduction to the History of Religions - LightNovelsOnl.com
You're reading novel online at LightNovelsOnl.com. Please use the follow button to get notifications about your favorite novels and its latest chapters so you can come back anytime and won't miss anything.
[899] Lord Avebury (Sir John Lubbock), _Prehistoric Times_, 2d ed., p. 598, and 6th ed., p. 610; id., _Origin of Civilisation_ (1902), p. 275 ff.; and his _Marriage, Totemism, and Religion_.
[900] Herbert Spencer, _Fortnightly Review_, 1870, and _Principles of Sociology_ i, -- 171.
[901] This view is provisionally indorsed by E. B. Tylor, in _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, xxviii.
[902] One such case is mentioned in Codrington's _Melanesians_, p. 33.
[903] Frazer, _Golden Bough_ (1890), ii, 332 ff. This theory has since been abandoned by Frazer (_Totemism and Exogamy_, iv, 54 f.).
[904] Frazer, _Fortnightly Review_, July and September, 1905, pp. 154-172 (reprinted in _Totemism and Exogamy_, i); _Totemism and Exogamy_, ii, 89 ff.; iv, 57 ff.
[905] Rivers, "Totemism in Polynesia and Melanesia" (in _Journal of the Royal Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, x.x.xix [1909], 172); Frazer, _Totemism and Exogamy_, iv, 59 ff.
[906] This is the theory adopted by Frazer in his latest work on the subject.
[907] The widespread belief that birth may be independent of the union of the s.e.xes does not, of course, carry with it an explanation of totemism.
[908] Lippert, _Die Religionen der europaischen Culturvolker_, p. 12; G. A. Wilken, "Het Animisme bij de Volken van den Indischen Archipel," in _De Indische Gids_, 1884 (cf. Tylor, in _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, xxviii, 1899); G. M. Theal, _Records of South-eastern Africa_, vii, and _History and Ethnography of South Africa_, i. 90.
[909] F. B. Jevons, _Introduction to the History Of Religion_, 1st ed., p. 101.
[910] F. M. Muller, _Anthropological Religion_, p. 121 ff.; Pikler and Somlo, _Ursprung des Totemismu_, p. 7 ff.; A. K.
Keane, _Ethnology_, p. 10; cf. G. M. Theal, _History and Ethnography Of South Africa_, i, 17.
[911] A. C. Haddon, in _Report of the British a.s.sociation for the Advancement of Science_, 1902.
[912] A. Lang, _The Secret of the Totem_, chap. vi.
[913] Lists are given in Frazer's _Totemism and Exogamy_.
[914] Lang, _The Secret of the Totem_, loc. cit.; Theal, _History and Ethnography of South Africa_, i, 92.
[915] Cf. A. W. Howitt, _Native Tribes of South-East Australia_, p. 154.
[916] Frazer, in _Fortnightly Review_, 1899 (this theory was afterwards abandoned by him); B. Spencer, in _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, xxviii (1899).
[917] Cf. Durkheim, in _Annee sociologique_, v.
[918] Durkheim, in _Annee sociologique_, v.
[919] See below, -- 577.
[920] Frazer, in his _Totemism_ (this view is now given up by him); F. B. Jevons, _Introduction to the History of Religion_, Index; S. Reinach, _Cultes, mythes et religions_, i, 86 ff.; Hahn, _Die Haustiere_, pp. 28 ff., 42, and his _Demeter und Baubo_, p. 19 ff. (domestication of cattle and use of milk as food connected with moon-cult). Cf. H. Ling Roth, in _Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute_, xvi, 102 ff.
[921] The totem belongs not to a tribe (Jevons, _Introduction to the History of Religion_, p. 114 f.) but to a clan.
[922] Frazer, _Totemism and Exogamy_, iv, 19.
[923] W. E. Roth, quoted in Frazer's _Totemism and Exogamy_, i, 532.
[924] See above, -- 529 ff.
[925] W. E. Roth, _North Queensland Ethnography_; Spencer and Gillen, _Northern Tribes of Central Australia_, p. 226 ff.
[926] See below, -- 635 ff.; cf. A. Lang, _Myth, Ritual, and Religion_, ii, 197, etc.; S. Relnach, _Orpheus_ (Eng. tr.), p. 81 ff.; Frazer, _Totemism and Exogamy_, iv, 30 ff.
[927] Haddon, in _Anthropological Essays presented to E. B.
Tyler_, 183 ff.
[928] Rivers, in _Man_, viii (1908).
[929] Cf. Frazer, _Totemism and Exogamy_, iv, 31 ff. The Bushman G.o.d Cagn, who has the form of a mantis, and the Hindu monkey-G.o.d Hanuman seem to have no connection with totemism.
[930] Cf. the remarks of Haddon, op. cit.
[931] So Zeus and other Greek G.o.ds.
[932] See below, -- 1041 ff.
[933] See below, -- 635.
[934] The moral perfection of the individual is an ideal that has arisen out of social relations; it is demanded by the deity because the moral standard of a deity is that of his human society.
[935] In international relations this tendency appears in the demand for arbitration.
[936] N. W. Thomas, article "Taboo" in _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, 11th ed.; Codrington, _The Melanesians_; Thomson, _Story of New Zealand_; A. van Gennep, _Tabou et totemisme a Madagascar_; Wallace, _Malay Archipelago_, p.
149 f.; J. G. Frazer, _Early History of the Kings.h.i.+p_; Marett, "Is Taboo a Negative Magic?" (in _Anthropological Essays presented to E. B. Tylor_).
[937] Cf. the Chickasa _hullo_, said to mean 'mysterious'
(Speck, in _Journal of American Folklore_, xx, 57).
[938] The danger from such objects is referred to a supernatural presence, whose att.i.tude toward human beings may be doubtful; only, when the phenomenon observed is thought to be nonnatural and is afflictive (as in the case of death, for example), this att.i.tude is judged to be hostile.
[939] Purely economic and other social considerations are sometimes combined with the mana conception.
[940] The physical unity produced by contact may be brought about, according to savage philosophy, in other ways.
[941] Ploss-Bartels, _Das Weib_, i, 591; cf. E. S. Hartland, _Primitive Paternity_; Avesta, _Vendidad_, xv, 8.
[942] Article "Birth" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_.
[943] Ploss-Bartels, _Das Weib_, ii, 345 ff.
[944] Lev. xii. In the modern Parsi usage a woman after giving birth is secluded forty days.
[945] On the relation between birth customs and systems of relations.h.i.+p (patrilineal and matrilineal) see the references in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_, ii, 636.
[946] Numb. xix, 11 ff. For the Mazdean rules see Tiele-Gehrich, _Geschichte der Religion im Altertum_, ii, 340 ff.
