European Diary, 1977-1981 Part 33

40 Prime Minister of Spain since 1983.

41 Renato Ruggiero, b. 1930, Italian Minister of Foreign Trade since 1987, was then head of the 'Spokesman's Group' and subsequently Italian Permanent Representative to the Community and Secretary-General of the Foreign Ministry.

42 Lord Duncan-Sandys, 190887, as well as being a minister for most of the time between 1941 and 1964, had been an early pillar of the European Movement and was the founder of the Civic Trust in Britain and of the wider Europa Nostra.

43 Amintore Fanfani, b. 1908, was three times Italian Prime Minister 195468, and President of the Senate from 1968.

44 Mario Soares, b. 1924, Portuguese Socialist leader, was Foreign Minister 19745, Prime Minister 19768 and 19835, and has been President of Portugal since 1986.

45 Giovanni Marcora, 192283, was Italian Minister of Agriculture 197480, and of Industry 19812.

46 Giulio Andreotti, b. 1919, was Italian Prime Minister 19723 and 19769, and has been Foreign Minister since 1982.

47 Gaetano Stammati, b. 1908, was Italian Foreign Minister 19768, and subsequently Minister of Public Works and Foreign Trade until 1980.

48 Giovanni Leone, b. 1908, was twice briefly Prime Minister in the 1960s and then President of the Italian Republic 19718.

49 Sir Eric Roll, b. 1907, was cr. Lord Roll of Ipsden later in 1977. In 1962 he had been one of the 'flying knights' who had conducted the negotiations for Britain's first attempt to join the European Community. Since 1974 Chairman of S. G. Warburg.

50 Jean-Francois Deniau, b. 1928, French Commissioner 196973, French Minister of Overseas Commerce 197781.

51 w.i.l.l.y Brandt, b. 1913, having been Federal Chancellor 196974, was at this time Chairman of the SPD and President of the Socialist International. Later in 1977 he became Chairman of the international committee which produced the Brandt Report in 1979.

52 Sir Nicholas Henderson, b. 1919, was British Amba.s.sador to Paris 19769, having been Amba.s.sador to Warsaw 19703 and to Bonn 19736. From 197982 he was Amba.s.sador in Was.h.i.+ngton. He has been a friend of mine for fifty years. Mary Henderson is his wife.

53 The Marquis and Marquise Philippe de Ganay were very anglophile (and anglophone) members of the 'gratin'.

54 Rome for the European Council in March and London for the contentious Summit.

55 Jean Lecanuet, b. 1920, was in 1977 French Minister of Planning and Development, having been a centrist presidential candidate in 1965.

56 The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) had been established in 1975. The Fund was originally all allocated to member countries on a fixed but periodically adjusted quota basis. A small 'non quota' section for specific Community projects was established under my presidency.

57 Christian Bonnet, b. 1921, was French Minister of Agriculture 19747, and of the Interior 197881.

58 Lord Donaldson of Kingsbridge, b. 1907, was Minister for the Arts 19769; 'Frankie' is Frances Donaldson, his wife and distinguished historical writer.

59 Derek Gladwin, b. 1930, comes from Grimsby (Crosland's const.i.tuency) and is an official of what was then the General and Munic.i.p.al Workers' Union.

60 d.i.c.k Leonard, b. 1930, Labour MP for Romford 19704, and Parliamentary Private Secretary to Crosland 19805. Economist correspondent in Brussels.

61 K. B. Andersen, 191484, was Danish Foreign Minister 19713 and 19758, and subsequently President of the Folketing (Parliament).

62 Max van der Stoel, b. 1924, was Dutch Foreign Minister 19737 and 19812, and Permanent Representative to the UN 19836.

63 Vicomte Luc de La Barre de Nanteuil, b. 1925, was French Amba.s.sador in The Hague 19767, Permanent Representative to the European Community 197781 and 19846, and to the UN 19814. Since 1986 he has been French Amba.s.sador in London.

64 w.i.l.l.y De Clercq, b. 1927, Belgian Minister of Finance 19737 and 19815. Member of European Commission 19859.

65 Wilhelm Duisenberg, b. 1935, Dutch Minister of Finance 19737.

66 The Social Fund, established 1974, can finance 50 per cent of member states' projects to deal with redundancy, training, resettlement, help for migrant workers etc.

67 I never did.

68 (Sir) Christopher Audland, b. 1926, was deputy Secretary-General of the Commission until he became Director-General for Energy 19816.

69 David Marquand, b. 1934, who had been Labour MP for Ashfield 196677, came with me to Brussels. Now Professor of Politics and Contemporary History at the University of Salford.

70 Helmut Schmidt, b. 1918, was Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany 197482, having been Minister of Defence 196972 and Minister of Finance 19724.

71 Jacques de Beaumarchais, 191379, was French Amba.s.sador in London 19727. We had known him and his wife, Marie-Alice, since 1953.

72 See note on page 108.

73 Joop den Uyl, 191987, leader of the Dutch Labour Party, was Prime Minister 19737, and Minister of Social Affairs and deputy Prime Minister 19812.

74 Alfons van der Stee, b. 1928, was Dutch Minister of Agriculture 197380, and of Finance 19802.

75 Ruud Lubbers, b. 1939, was Minister of Economic Affairs 19737, and has been Prime Minister of the Netherlands since 1982.

76 Gerard Bordu, b. 1928, was a French Communist Deputy for Seine et Marne, Member of the European Parliament 19749, and one of its Vice-Presidents 19779.

77 Franco Malfatti, b. 1927, was President of the European Commission 19702, when he resigned to return to Italian politics; Minister of Finance 19789 and of Foreign Affairs 197980.

78 Enrico Berlinguer, 192284, was the Italian Communist leader, and a dominating although far from extreme figure in Italian political life.

79 Curious, because this was exactly what he was about to do.

80 Liam Cosgrave, b. 1920, Irish Fine Gael Foreign Minister 19547, and Prime Minister 19737.

81 Leo Tindemans, b. 1922, Belgian Prime Minister 19748 and Foreign Minister since 1981.

82 Anker Jrgensen, b. 1922, Danish Social Democrat Prime Minister 19723 and 197582.

83 'The Common Fund' referred to an industrialized countries' impending offer in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (see page 85 infra) to allow virement between the different funds available for Third World commodity stabilization.

84 We had two official cars in Brussels, one English and one German. Equality of numbers was not, alas, matched by equality of performance.

85 Robert S. McNamara, b. 1916, was US Secretary of Defense 19618, and President of the World Bank 196881.

86 The career of William Clark, 191685, ranged from being diplomatic correspondent of the Observer 19505, to a vice-presidency of the World Bank 197481.

87 Thea Elliott, widow of Anthony Elliott, 192176, British Amba.s.sador in Finland and then Israel and a close friend from Oxford days.

88 Joint European Torus, a major research undertaking into the possibility of producing nuclear power by fusion rather than fission, which was likely to be sited either at Garching in Bavaria or Culham in Oxfords.h.i.+re.

89 Jean Francois-Poncet, b. 1928, was Secretary-General at the Elysee 19768, and French Foreign Minister 197881.

90 Edward Jenkins, b. 1954, is our younger son, now a barrister.

91 Henry H. (Joe) Fowler, b. 1908, was in 1968 US Secretary of the Treasury.

92 I now realize, which I did not then, that it was almost certainly the room to the window of which President Truman rashly rushed on 1 November 1950, when the Puerto Rican a.s.sa.s.sination attempt on him led to two deaths in the street outside.

93 Cyrus R. Vance, b. 1917, was US Secretary of State from 1977 to the summer of 1980, when he resigned. Zbigniew Brzezinski, b. 1928, was National Security Adviser at the White House throughout the Carter administration. He and Vance did not get on very well together. I preferred Vance.

94 Henry Owen, b. 1920, formerly of the Brookings Inst.i.tute, was the American 'sherpa' (as they came to be called) for ascents to and descents from the Western Economic Summits, and as such the opposite number of Crispin Tickell, the British Cabinet Secretary (Sir John Hunt), the Governor of the Bank of France (Bernard Clappier) etc.

95 Michael Blumenthal was then US Secretary of the Treasury, Robert Strauss was Special Trade Representative, and Richard Cooper was Under-Secretary for Economic Affairs at the State Department.

96 Jean Sauvagnargues, b. 1915, a career diplomat, was French Foreign Minister 19746, and Amba.s.sador to London 197781.

97 MTNs: negotiations for the implementation of the so-called 'Tokyo Round' of tariff reductions in the GATT, which was the main formal business between the Commission and the US Government.

98 Averell Harriman, 18911986, former US Secretary of Commerce, Amba.s.sador to Moscow and London, and Governor of New York, had married Pamela Digby, formerly Mrs Randolph Churchill, in 1971.

99 David Bruce, 18981977, who had married Evangeline Bell in 1945, was the most distinguished American diplomat during the plenitude of his country's power. He was Amba.s.sador to Paris 194952, Bonn 19579, London 19619, and NATO 19746, the intervals being filled with major ad hoc appointments.

100 Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr, b. 1917, historian of the ages of Jackson, Roosevelt and Kennedy, was married to Alexandra Emmet.

101 Joseph W. Alsop, b. 1910, wrote for thirty years a famous political column, at first with his brother Stewart Alsop and then alone, until he tired of politics and turned in 1974 to old furniture and the history of art.

102 John Lindsay, b. 1921, Mayor of New York 196573. Much discussed as a possible Democratic presidential candidate (even though he had been elected as a Republican) for 1972.

103 McGeorge Bundy, b. 1919, was National Security Adviser to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson 19616, and head of the Ford Foundation 196679.

104 Lord Mountbatten was in Brussels partly to lobby me in favour of his Atlantic College at St Donat's in the Vale of Glamorgan.

105 Eugenio Plaja, b. 1914, was Italian Permanent Representative to the UN 19735, and to the European Community 197680.

106 Walter Hallstein, 190182, former German State Secretary, had been President of the Commission 195867, and was 'the Pope' to de Gaulle's 'Emperor' during the 1960s disputes between supranationalism and sovereignty.

107 Francois Mitterrand, b. 1916, was then preparing to lead the Socialist challenge to President Giscard's majority in the National a.s.sembly at the French legislative elections due in ten months' time. He had been unsuccessful candidate for the presidency of France in 1965 and 1974. He was elected President of the Republic in 1981 and re-elected in 1988.

108 Jacques Chirac, b. 1931, Prime Minister of France 19746 and 19868. Mayor of Paris since 1977. Unsuccessful candidate for the presidency 1974 and 1988.

109 The reason for my uneasiness about this visit was that I knew the French Government were watching like hawks to make sure that Mitterrand received no treatment above what they regarded as his status or which he could exploit for political purposes. (G.o.d knows how; I would not have thought a Berlaymont visit would swing many votes in Chateau-Chinon or anywhere else.) I wrote a few weeks later: 'Although there was a great deal of French press comment and some suggestion that this visit had been a considerable additional factor in provoking Giscard to a still harder position over the Summit, I myself doubt whether it was in any way decisive. I had read in the papers on the morning of the visit that Giscard was not coming to the dinner on Friday evening, probably because of my presence, but we had heard hints earlier that he was thinking of not attending this occasion for at least a few weeks beforehand and that in any event it was intended as a slight mark of his displeasure with the British Government over excessive Atlanticism, rather than being exclusively directed towards me.

'Ortoli's subsequent view, which he relayed to me three or four days later, was that it was a pity that Mitterrand had been allowed to have a joint meeting with several Commissioners, instead of having to go round and see them all individually in their offices (which seemed to me rather foolish) but that in any event the matter was not of great significance; and that this was his view after subsequent contacts with the French Government. Only the French Government, of course, would have reacted at all. That was the point of my remark about Kohl and Mrs Thatcher.'

110 (Sir) Antony Acland, b. 1930, then British Amba.s.sador in Luxembourg, is now Amba.s.sador in Was.h.i.+ngton, having in the meantime been Amba.s.sador in Madrid and Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office. Anne Acland died in 1984.

111 Pierre Elliott Trudeau, b. 1919, was Prime Minister of Canada 196879 and 19804.

112 Sir Martin Charteris, b. 1913, Private Secretary to the Queen 19727, became Lord Charteris of Amisfield and Provost of Eton College later in 1978.

113 David Steel b. 1938, had become leader of the Liberal Party in 1976.

114 Emilio Colombo, b. 1920, Italian Minister of the Treasury 196770 and 19746, Prime Minister 19702, Foreign Minister 19803; President of the European Parliament 19779.

115 Euratom was the European Atomic Energy Community, one of the three Communities (the others being the EEC and the Coal and Steel Community) which merged in 1967 to form the European Community. The Vienna Agency was the International Atomic Energy Agency, based in the Austrian capital. The issue was that some Community Governments wished to deal too directly with Vienna, thereby leap-frogging Community competence in civil nuclear power.

116 Franz Josef Strauss, 191588, was President of the Christian Social Union 196188 and Minister-President of Bavaria 197888; Federal Minister of Defence 195662, and of Finance 19669.

117 Hans Friderichs, b. 1931, was German Economics Minister 19727, and then head of the Dresdner Bank until 1985.

118 Peter Jay was then the forty-year-old economics editor of The Times and the son-in-law of the Prime Minister.

119 Walter Scheel, b. 1919, was leader of the FDP before Genscher, Foreign Minister 196974, and President of the Federal Republic 19749.

120 Jack Lynch, leader of Fianna Fail 196679, was Irish Prime Minister (Taoiseach) 196673 and 19779.

121 In fact he won handsomely.

122 Respectively a former Conservative Minister and the Chairman of Sotheby's.

123 A well-financed, unofficial but high-level body designed to familiarize Americans, j.a.panese and Europeans with each other's problems.

124 Sir Ronald McIntosh, b. 1919, former civil servant and Director-General of NEDO, latterly a company chairman, has been a friend since we went to Balliol on the same day in 1938.

125 Mark (Lord cr. 1986) Bonham Carter, b. 1922, has been a friend for forty-five years and my publisher (on and off) for thirty years. His wife, Leslie (daughter of Conde Nast who founded Vogue), is the mother (by a previous marriage) of Laura Grenfell (now Phillips) who came to Brussels in my cabinet.

126 As Keynes had done thirty-one years before on the last evening of his life; he walked down, which we did not.

127 Noel (Lord cr. 1965) Annan, b. 1916, Provost of King's College, Cambridge, 195666, and of University College London 196678, Vice-Chancellor of University of London 197881. Married to Gabriele Annan, book reviewer of note.

128 Special Action was jargon for a crash programme to help peculiarly low-income countries with identifiable development needs.

129 Karl Carstens, b. 1914, was then President of the Bundestag and became President of the Federal Republic 197984.

130 Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM, b. 1909, the doyen of Oxford intellectual and social life.

131 Lord Briggs, b. 1921, Provost of Worcester College, Oxford, since 1976, was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Suss.e.x 196776.

132 Lord Goodman, b. 1913, a solicitor of unusual influence, was Chairman of the Arts Council 196572, and Master of University College, Oxford, 197686.

133 Ann Fleming, 191381, was married to the 3rd Lord O'Neill 193244 (when he was killed in action), the 2nd Viscount Rothermere 194552 (when they were divorced), and Ian Fleming, the creator of James Bond, 195264 (when he died). She was a great friend and fairly close country neighbour in the years of these diaries.

134 Lord Hartwell (formerly Michael Berry), b. 1911, was for many years princ.i.p.al proprietor and editor-in-chief of the Daily and Sunday Telegraph. His wife was a daughter of F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead.

135 Mrs John Barry Ryan, anglophile New Yorker, is the daughter of financier Otto Kahn and the mother of the Countess of Airlie.

136 Anthony Lewis, b. 1927, chief London correspondent of the New York Times 196572, subsequently a Boston-based columnist.

137 The countries adhering to the pre-EMS 'Snake' or D-mark bloc were Benelux, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and, obviously, Germany. Italy had been a member but had left in 1973. France had twice been a member but had last left in 1976.

138 Arthur Goodhart, 18911978, was an American citizen who had mostly lived in England since 1919 and was Master of University College, Oxford, 195163.