Raising Freethinkers_ A Practical Guide Part 3

a.n.a.logy 1: The Cosmic Calendar Ages 8+ Next time your child floats a question about the dinosaurs, or the age of the earth, or the Big Bang, or has a homework a.s.signment that touches on deep time-try or the Big Bang, or has a homework a.s.signment that touches on deep time-try this simple, engaging activity. this simple, engaging activity.

Materials: blank twelve-month calendar for each child (download free cal- endars at www.office.microsoft.com > templates > calendars) a.n.a.logies can help kids grasp immense timescales. Carl Sagan suggested > templates > calendars) a.n.a.logies can help kids grasp immense timescales. Carl Sagan suggested compressing the history of the universe to date into a single year. 8 8 On a blank calendar, write BIG BANG on January 1, and NOW in the lower right corner On a blank calendar, write BIG BANG on January 1, and NOW in the lower right corner of December 31.

Somewhere between the Big Bang and today, all sorts of things happened.

Everything, in fact. Ask your kids to estimate when when on the compressed calendar you would put: on the compressed calendar you would put: * The first dinosaurs * The first plants * The extinction of the dinosaurs * The formation of the Milky Way galaxy * The first humans * Roman Empire * The formation of the earth * The formation of Earth's oxygen atmosphere * The voyages of Columbus Ask the questions out of order so kids can think about which had to come first, and next, and next (e.g., Milky Way before Earth, dinosaurs come and go before humans, plants before oxygen).

21.Raising Freethinkers: A Practical Guide for Parenting Beyond Belief When I was a kid, I would probably have put the Milky Way somewhere in February, Earth in March, dinos in April, people in May-something like that. A certain kind of kid will be gobsmacked by the actual answers: Milky Way forms: May 1 Earth forms: September 14 First (photosynthetic) plants: November 12 Oxygen atmosphere: December 1 Dinosaurs: December 24 Extinction of dinosaurs: December 28 First humans: December 31 at 10:30 p.m.

Roman Empire: Four seconds ago Columbus: One second ago a.n.a.logy 2: The Span of Life Ages 8+ Richard Dawkins created another spectacular time-grasping a.n.a.logy that focuses on the last quarter of universal history: the history of life on Earth. on the last quarter of universal history: the history of life on Earth.

Materials: arms (human) Stretch your arms out to represent the span of the history of life on Earth.

From your left fingertip all the way across your middle to well past your right shoulder, life consists of nothing but bacteria. At your right wrist, the most complex form of life on Earth is worms. The dinosaurs appear in the middle of your right palm and go extinct around your last finger joint. The whole story of h.o.m.o sapiens h.o.m.o sapiens is contained in the thickness of one slim fingernail clipping. is contained in the thickness of one slim fingernail clipping.

As for recorded recorded history-the Sumerians and Babylonians, the Pharoahs of Egypt, Ancient Greece and Rome, Jesus, Napoleon and Hitler, the Beatles and Britney Spears-they and everyone else who has lived since the dawn of history-the Sumerians and Babylonians, the Pharoahs of Egypt, Ancient Greece and Rome, Jesus, Napoleon and Hitler, the Beatles and Britney Spears-they and everyone else who has lived since the dawn of recorded history are blown away in the dust from one light stroke of a nail-file.

Simply knowing that 99.98 percent of the history of the universe happened before our species even arrived on the scene is the single most humbling earth-quake of perspective we can ever achieve.

But there's more . . .

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a.n.a.logy 3: The Size of the Solar System Ages 6+ Materials: a soccer ball, several peppercorns, several pins (w/pinheads), a ping-pong ball, a marble, and an open field It has been said, and rightly so, that people who see themselves in a human-centered universe "are able to do so largely in proportion to their inability to do math. math. " " 9 9 Even without much math, a.n.a.logies can take us a long way. The immensity of s.p.a.ce is difficult to grasp, but not as abstract as time, so even kindergarteners can give it a go. There are countless ways to help kids begin to grasp the Even without much math, a.n.a.logies can take us a long way. The immensity of s.p.a.ce is difficult to grasp, but not as abstract as time, so even kindergarteners can give it a go. There are countless ways to help kids begin to grasp the size of the universe and our infinitesimal place in it. I offered this example in size of the universe and our infinitesimal place in it. I offered this example in Parenting Beyond Belief: Parenting Beyond Belief: Find a large open s.p.a.ce. Put a soccer ball in the middle to represent the sun. Walk ten paces from the ball and stick a pin in the ground. That's Mercury.

Take nine more full steps and drop a peppercorn for Venus. Seven more steps, drop another peppercorn for Earth. An inch away from Earth, stick another pin in the ground for the Moon, remembering that this inch is the furthest humans have been so far. Another fourteen steps, drop a very small peppercorn for Mars, then continue another 95 steps and drop Jupiter, a ping-pong ball.

112 paces further, place a large marble for Saturn. Ura.n.u.s and Neptune are still further apart, and recently demoted Pluto would be a small pinhead about a half mile from the soccer ball.

So how far would you have to walk before you can put down another soc- cer ball for Proxima Centauri, the very nearest star to our Sun? Bring your good shoes-it's over 4000 miles away at this scale, New York to Berlin. 10 10 That's the That's the nearest star. nearest star. And there are about a trillion such stars in the Milky Way galaxy alone, and roughly a hundred billion such galaxies, arrayed through billions of those light years in every direction. And there are about a trillion such stars in the Milky Way galaxy alone, and roughly a hundred billion such galaxies, arrayed through billions of those light years in every direction.

See also: An amazing video on YouTube comparing the relative sizes of planets and stars: An amazing video on YouTube comparing the relative sizes of planets and stars: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tfs1t-2rrOM (or search for "relative size of planets"). (or search for "relative size of planets").

23.Raising Freethinkers: A Practical Guide for Parenting Beyond Belief a.n.a.logy 4: The Size of the Galaxy and the Universe All Ages Materials: one round sandbox, 20' in diameter-or a good imagination How big is the Milky Way galaxy? First, remember that one million Earths would fit in the sun. Now imagine an enormous round sandbox, 20 feet across and a foot thick. If our sun were a single grain of sand in that sandbox, the sandbox would be the Milky Way galaxy, which is filled with as many stars as there are grains of sand in the sandbox.

Now shrink that entire galaxy galaxy down to a single grain of sand. The grains of sand in the sandbox now represent the number of galaxies in the universe. down to a single grain of sand. The grains of sand in the sandbox now represent the number of galaxies in the universe.

Sit in the sandbox and run your fingers through the galaxies. Repeat.

See also: The Hubble Deep Field photo, which many have called "the most important photo ever taken" for its paradigm-rattling power: The Hubble Deep Field photo, which many have called "the most important photo ever taken" for its paradigm-rattling power: http://hubblesite .org/newscenter/archive/releases/2004/07/ (accessed May 8, 2008). (accessed May 8, 2008).

a.n.a.logy 5: The Fantastic Voyage Ages 6+ Don't neglect the microscopic world beneath our scale.

Materials: none "If a golf ball could be magnified to the size of the whole earth, most of its atoms would be more or less the size of a golf ball." 11 11 An atom is mostly empty s.p.a.ce-a nucleus surrounded by electrons or- biting at a distance. If an atom were expanded to the size of a stadium, the nucleus would be the size of a grape on the 50-yard line.

Special peek into microworlds: "Cellular Visions: The Inner Life of a Cell" - "Cellular Visions: The Inner Life of a Cell" - animated short created by XVIVO Scientific Animation and available all over the Internet. Google "Cellular Visions" or "The Inner Life of a Cell." Ages 6+.

Telephone Detective Ages 7+ for six or more players Materials: index cards This is the traditional game of telephone (a.k.a. Chinese whispers, Rus- sian Scandal, or Grapevine) with a twist. Put a small dot on one index card.

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Pa.s.s out cards to the entire circle. One person, designated the Source, starts a message around the circle, whispering from one person to the next. Whoever has the card with the dot is instructed to slightly change the message. The Source (first in the circle) then asks questions to determine where the message was changed.

One problem: Members of the circle can lie. lie. Once the Source has asked (at most) one question per person, he or she points to the person he or she thinks has the dot. The accused shows his or her card. If there is no dot, the Source is out. If there is a dot, the holder is out. Once the Source has asked (at most) one question per person, he or she points to the person he or she thinks has the dot. The accused shows his or her card. If there is no dot, the Source is out. If there is a dot, the holder is out.

The game then resumes with a new Source and continues until two win- ners remain.

Geomythology (Camp Quest) Ages: 8-14 A terrific party game for creative and science-minded kids.

Materials: a variety of dinosaur skeleton modeling kits, drawing paper drawing paper, colored pencils colored pencils Many of the ancient stories of mythical beasts-such as dragons, gryphons, and the Cyclops-grew out of the attempts by people in Bronze Age cultures to explain fossilized bones found near their settlements. 12 12 This activity puts kids in the sandals of ancient people who attempted to make sense of found fossils-just one example of the human drive to understand. This activity puts kids in the sandals of ancient people who attempted to make sense of found fossils-just one example of the human drive to understand.

1. Remove the kits from the boxes. Intermix the parts to resemble a site with mixed fossil deposits. Remove the kits from the boxes. Intermix the parts to resemble a site with mixed fossil deposits. Do not allow the kids to see the pictures on the boxes Do not allow the kids to see the pictures on the boxes or the kit instructions! or the kit instructions!

2. Give each child or group a mixed selection of bones. Let them know that when people find fossils, skeletons are almost always incomplete. It's often hard to tell whether just one animal is present or if there are multiple animals in the fossil site. Give each child or group a mixed selection of bones. Let them know that when people find fossils, skeletons are almost always incomplete. It's often hard to tell whether just one animal is present or if there are multiple animals in the fossil site.

3. Have each group a.s.semble a creature or creatures out of their pieces. Have each group a.s.semble a creature or creatures out of their pieces.

4. Ask each child or group to draw what the living creature or creatures would have looked like. Did it have scales? Fur? Tusks? A long neck? Ask each child or group to draw what the living creature or creatures would have looked like. Did it have scales? Fur? Tusks? A long neck?

5. Have each child or group show off its skeleton model(s) and drawing(s), and explain its creature(s). Have each child or group show off its skeleton model(s) and drawing(s), and explain its creature(s).

25.Raising Freethinkers: A Practical Guide for Parenting Beyond Belief Not all myths are purely the product of imagination. Many originated in attempts to explain the evidence of our senses. Even when they weren't accurate, the people who created them may have had good reasons for believing them at the time. This activity also gives kids insight into science as a process of using the available evidence to come up with the best explanation we can.

If later evidence changes what we know, we revise our explanations.

The Truth Is Out There (Camp Quest) Ages 8-14 Materials: random household junk, digital camera(s) Using digital cameras and ordinary objects (frisbees, pie pans, aluminum foil, etc.), have kids stage the best possible "UFO photos."

Invisible Unicorns (Camp Quest) All ages Materials: critical thinking skills This critical thinking challenge asks campers to disprove the existence of the two invisible unicorns that live at Camp Quest. The camp has offered a prize of $100 to the first camper who can successfully prove that the unicorns don't exist-a prize still unclaimed after twelve years and counting. By trying to prove a negative, kids learn why the burden of proof must rest on those making spectacular claims.

Mothwalk All ages This activity is a story, best told while walking in the woods in the evening, just as the moths begin to emerge . . . as the moths begin to emerge . . .

Materials: a lovely patch of woods Two hundred years ago, there were moths in England called peppered moths. They were light gray with dots of black and brown all over them. They looked like somebody had peppered them, which worked out fine for the moths-it made them blend in with tree bark so it was hard for birds to find them and eat them.

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But there were also a few peppered moths who didn't look peppered at all: They were completely black. But only a few. You can probably guess why: The black ones didn't blend in very well, so they were dinner for the birds. If someone has you for dinner, you aren't going to have too many babies, of course.

And since the black moths were being eaten the most, there were never too many black baby moths being born.

Then something interesting happened. Big factories were built in the town near the moths' forest. Dark black smoke belched out of huge smokestacks, making the air near the town very dirty. In fact, the bark on the trees in the moths' forest turned completely black from the dirty factory smoke.

That made things a little different for the moths. What do you think changed? Now the black black moths were almost invisible on the black tree trunks, and the light-colored peppered moths were so easy to see. Well, maybe you moths were almost invisible on the black tree trunks, and the light-colored peppered moths were so easy to see. Well, maybe you can guess what happened. Birds only eat what they can find, so who were they eating now? That's right: the light-colored light-colored ones! The black moths were probably pretty happy about this: Now more of their babies could be born and stay safely hidden from the birds on the black tree trunks. ones! The black moths were probably pretty happy about this: Now more of their babies could be born and stay safely hidden from the birds on the black tree trunks.

About twenty years later, people noticed that almost all all of the moths in the forest were black and only a few were light gray. The peppered moth had been changed, all because its environment changed. of the moths in the forest were black and only a few were light gray. The peppered moth had been changed, all because its environment changed.

Supplement with: "Camouflage Egg Hunt" on pp. 241243 in "Camouflage Egg Hunt" on pp. 241243 in Parenting Parenting Beyond Belief. Beyond Belief. 13 13 (See the Resources section below for links to amazing websites with many more activities for the inquiring mind.) 27.Raising Freethinkers: A Practical Guide for Parenting Beyond Belief Resources Social/Cultural Peace Corps / World Wise Schools www.peacecorps.gov/wws An incredibly rich source for activities and lesson plans in science, the arts, environmental issues, cross-cultural understanding, and more-all with an internationalist flavor. Age 9+.

National Geographic Kids www.kids.nationalgeographic.com A bottomless well of delights. Age 8+.

Free Rice www.freerice.com Brilliant concept. Flex your vocabulary and end world hunger at the same time! Age 10+.

Lateral Thinking and Brain Teasers Perry, Susan K. Playing Smart: The Family Guide to Enriching, Offbeat Learning Playing Smart: The Family Guide to Enriching, Offbeat Learning Activities for Ages 414, Activities for Ages 414, revised ed. (Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit Publis.h.i.+ng, 2001). Now available at the author's websit revised ed. (Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit Publis.h.i.+ng, 2001). Now available at the author's website at www.bunnyape.com/other_books .htm. See longer review in Chapter 5 Resources. A simply amazing book.

The Impossible Quiz A hilariously bizarre online quiz, loaded with opportunities for divergent thinking. Available on many sites. Google "The Impossible Quiz"-then can-cel your pressing business for the day. Age 10+.

Fun Brain www.funbrain.com "The Internet's #1 education site for K-8 kids and teachers."

SmartKit Brain Gym and Puzzle Playground www.smart-kit.com Terrific variety of puzzles and games, including flash animations. Personal favorite: Personal favorite: Ma.s.s Attack. Just try to stop playing it. Ma.s.s Attack. Just try to stop playing it.

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Discover Education's Brain Boosters www.discoveryeducation.com > School Resources School Resources > > Brain Boosters Over 200 puzzles and brain-teasers, including a large section on lateral Brain Boosters Over 200 puzzles and brain-teasers, including a large section on lateral thinking.

The Final Frontier NASA and a.s.sociated Sites NASA www.nasa.gov NASA Education www.education.nasa.gov Jet Propulsion Laboratory www.jpl.nasa.gov Your tax dollars beautifully at work! Three different amazing and multifaceted sites. Articles, games, puzzles, science news, videos, activities, and more.

Click the links marked EDUCATION, STUDENTS, and FOR KIDS.

See also: NASA's Imagine the Universe NASA's Imagine the Universe http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html > Teacher's Corner Teacher's Corner Special treat for high schoolers: "What Is Your Cosmic Connection to the Elements?" downloadable pdf in the Teacher's Corner. "What Is Your Cosmic Connection to the Elements?" downloadable pdf in the Teacher's Corner.

Evolution and Genetics Charlie's Playhouse www.charliesplayhouse.com An exciting new company making clever toys and games that teach kids about evolution, from a 30-foot ill.u.s.trated timeline of talking life forms to a fascinating and fun board game that ill.u.s.trates how natural selection works.

Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/id/ The brilliant PBS program detailing Kitzmiller Kitzmiller v. v. Dover, Dover, the landmark trial that dealt the most serious blow yet to the creation science agenda. View the entire program online, or take advantage of terrific educational resources. the landmark trial that dealt the most serious blow yet to the creation science agenda. View the entire program online, or take advantage of terrific educational resources.

National Geographic Genographic Project www.nationalgeographic.com/genographic A unique opportunity to be a part of cutting-edge research in human migration patterns. Order a DNA testing kit from the site, use the simple cheek sc.r.a.per to harvest your cells, then send it in the tubes provided to the Genographic Project 29 Raising Freethinkers: A Practical Guide for Parenting Beyond Belief for a.n.a.lysis. By looking for marker mutations in your genome, the lab will trace your deep ancestry, showing the path and timing of your ancestors' exodus from Africa. Well worth the price ($99 per kit at this writing). Check out the website for more detailed information about this incredible project.

Miscellaneous Science Science News for Kids www.sciencenewsforkids.org A gold mine of a website. Surf or subscribe.

The Exploratorium www.exploratorium.edu Special treats: www.exploratorium.edu/brain_explorer (puzzles, illusions, memory games, and more) and (puzzles, illusions, memory games, and more) and www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/solar_system/all_bodies .html to put in any size diameter for the sun, and get back the diameters of the other solar system bodies, and the radii of their orbits around the sun, so you can do this activity with a sun of any size and corresponding distances and sizes of other objects. to put in any size diameter for the sun, and get back the diameters of the other solar system bodies, and the radii of their orbits around the sun, so you can do this activity with a sun of any size and corresponding distances and sizes of other objects.

Philosophy/General The Philosopher's Club/Socrates Cafe www.philosopher.org Click on the "Philosopher's Club" link for kids' activities.

Calkins, Lucy. Raising Lifelong Learners Raising Lifelong Learners (New York: Da Capo, 1998). One of the truly great resources for parents wis.h.i.+ng to raise children with a ravenous curiosity and the means of feeding it for a lifetime. (New York: Da Capo, 1998). One of the truly great resources for parents wis.h.i.+ng to raise children with a ravenous curiosity and the means of feeding it for a lifetime.

Zahler, Kathy. 50 Simple Things You Can Do to Raise a Child Who Loves to Read 50 Simple Things You Can Do to Raise a Child Who Loves to Read (New York: Arco, 1997). A perfect practical adjunct to the Calkins book. Well worth seeking out. (New York: Arco, 1997). A perfect practical adjunct to the Calkins book. Well worth seeking out.

Galens, Judy and Nancy Pear. The Handy Answer Book for Kids (and Parents) The Handy Answer Book for Kids (and Parents) (Canton, MI: Visible Ink, 2002). Among the best of the general answer-to-everything references for kids. Well-organized, engaging, and both browsable and useful for specific reference. Everything from empirical science ("What is a black hole?" "Why does a skunk stink?" "How old is the Earth?"-and the (Canton, MI: Visible Ink, 2002). Among the best of the general answer-to-everything references for kids. Well-organized, engaging, and both browsable and useful for specific reference. Everything from empirical science ("What is a black hole?" "Why does a skunk stink?" "How old is the Earth?"-and the right answer) to social science ("What is a h.o.m.os.e.xual?"-including an ex- 30.

cellent slap at h.o.m.ophobes) to the big questions ("Where will I go when I die?" "Who is G.o.d?"). Age 10+.

Additional Resources See also the following books and videos reviewed in Parenting Beyond Belief: Parenting Beyond Belief: McNulty, Faith. McNulty, Faith. How Whales Walked into the Sea How Whales Walked into the Sea (New York: Scholastic Press, 1999). Ages 612. (New York: Scholastic Press, 1999). Ages 612.

McCutcheon, Marc. The Beast in You!Activities & Questions to Explore Evolution The Beast in You!Activities & Questions to Explore Evolution (Charlotte, VT: Williamson, 1999). Ages 812. (Charlotte, VT: Williamson, 1999). Ages 812.

Lawson, Kristan. Darwin and Evolution for Kids.h.i.+s Life and Ideas with 21 Activities Darwin and Evolution for Kids.h.i.+s Life and Ideas with 21 Activities (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2003). Age 12+. (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2003). Age 12+.

Peters, Lisa Westerberg. Our Family Tree: An Evolution Story Our Family Tree: An Evolution Story (New York: Har-court Children's, 2003). Ages 49. (New York: Har-court Children's, 2003). Ages 49.

Gamlin, Linda. Eyewitness: Evolution Eyewitness: Evolution (New York: DK Children, 2000). (New York: DK Children, 2000).

Ages 1014.

Pfeffer, Wendy. A Log's Life A Log's Life (New York: Simon and Schuster Children's, 1997). (New York: Simon and Schuster Children's, 1997).

Ages 48.

Couper, Heather, with Nigel Henbest. Big BangThe Story of the Universe Big BangThe Story of the Universe (New York: Dorling Kindersley, 1997). Ages 1218. (New York: Dorling Kindersley, 1997). Ages 1218.

Bailey, Jacqui. The Birth of the Earth The Birth of the Earth from The Cartoon History of the Earth series (Tonawanda, NY: Kids Can Press, 2001). Ages 912. from The Cartoon History of the Earth series (Tonawanda, NY: Kids Can Press, 2001). Ages 912.

Walking with Cavemen (London: BBC, 2003). Age 8+. (London: BBC, 2003). Age 8+.

Walking with Dinosaurs (London: BBC, 1999). Age 10+. (London: BBC, 1999). Age 10+.

Intimate Universe: The Human Body (London: BBC Warner, 1998). Age 6+. (London: BBC Warner, 1998). Age 6+.

Evolution, PBS series (Boston: Clear Blue Sky Productions, 2001). Age 12+. PBS series (Boston: Clear Blue Sky Productions, 2001). Age 12+.

Notes.1. Jurmain, Robert, et al., Introduction to Physical Anthropology Introduction to Physical Anthropology (New York: Thompson Wadsworth, 2005), p. 374. (New York: Thompson Wadsworth, 2005), p. 374.

2. Smith, Jeremy Adam, "Households to the Right of Me: Going Behind Closed Doors in Christian Right Households, " www.AlterNet.org, April 11, 31 April 11, 31 Raising Freethinkers: A Practical Guide for Parenting Beyond Belief 2008. See also Smith's phenomenal blog Daddy Dialectic at www.daddy -dialectic.blogspot.com. Accessed May 2, 2008. Accessed May 2, 2008.

3. Used here in its modern sense. The ancient Greek philosophy of Cynicism has little in common with current usage.

4. Look into the absolutely heartbreaking story of French astronomer Guil- laume Le Gentil, preferably as told by Bill Bryson in A Short History of A Short History of Nearly Everything Nearly Everything (New York: Broadway Books, 2003). (New York: Broadway Books, 2003).

5. Dale McGowan, "Santa Claus-The Ultimate Dry Run," in Parenting Be- Parenting Be- yond Belief (New York: AMACOM Books, 2007), p. 89. (New York: AMACOM Books, 2007), p. 89.

6. Woolley, J.D. and J. Van Reet, "Effects of context on judgments concerning the reality status of novel ent.i.ties," Child Development, 77 77, (6) (2006), quoted at ScienceDaily. Accessed May 2, 2008, from www.sciencedaily.com/ releases/2006/11/061116114522.htm 7. Creationists trumpet the supposed dethroning of the peppered moth as an ill.u.s.tration of natural selection, pointing to various errors found in early experiments. But subsequent experiments have confirmed the original hypothesis. In the book Moths Moths (London, UK: Collins New Naturalist, 2002), Cambridge biologist Michael Majerus sums up the consensus in the field: (London, UK: Collins New Naturalist, 2002), Cambridge biologist Michael Majerus sums up the consensus in the field: "I believe that, without exception, it is our view that the case of melanism in the Peppered Moth still stands as one of the best examples of evolution, by natural selection, in action."

8. Although he often cited this a.n.a.logy, its first mention was in The Dragons The Dragons of Eden of Eden (New York: Ballantine Books, 1977). (New York: Ballantine Books, 1977).

9. Wingrove, Rick, "The a.s.sertive Atheist." Accessed April 18, 2008, from www.flamewarrior.com 10. This marvelous exercise is adapted from Ca.s.sidy, John, Earthsearch Earthsearch (Palo Alto, CA: Klutz, 1994). (Palo Alto, CA: Klutz, 1994).

11. "Basics for the Non-Scientist," TRIUMF website, Canada's National Lab- oratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics. Accessed May 8, 2008, from www.triumf.ca/welcome/basics.html 12. See Mayor, Adrienne, The First Fossil Hunters The First Fossil Hunters (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000) for an excellent description of this phenomenon in Ancient Greece and Rome. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000) for an excellent description of this phenomenon in Ancient Greece and Rome.

13. Originally in Chapter 6 of Kristan Lawson's Darwin and Evolution for Kids Darwin and Evolution for Kids (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2003). (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2003).

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CHAPTER 2.

Living and Teaching Ethics in Your Family Molleen Matsumura Ask Lois Kellerman, a longtime Ethical Culture Leader, what she's thinking when she creates moral education programs for children, and the first thing she says is, "You're creating more than a curriculum-you're building a culture that nurtures the growth of humane values. Even tiny details make a difference.