The Pleasure Instinct Part 10

199 Injection of chemicals that boost Injection of chemicals that boost Parker, LA, Maier, S, Rennie, M, et al. (1992) Morphine- and naltrexone-induced modification of palatability: a.n.a.lysis by the taste reactivity test. Parker, LA, Maier, S, Rennie, M, et al. (1992) Morphine- and naltrexone-induced modification of palatability: a.n.a.lysis by the taste reactivity test. Behavioral Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, 106: 999-1010. 106: 999-1010.

200 Working in Berridge's laboratory Working in Berridge's laboratory For an excellent review see Pecina, S, Smith, KS, Berridge, KC (2006) Hedonic hot spots in the brain. For an excellent review see Pecina, S, Smith, KS, Berridge, KC (2006) Hedonic hot spots in the brain. Neuroscientist, Neuroscientist, 12(6): 500-511. 12(6): 500-511.

201 Work in the late 1980s Work in the late 1980s Berridge, KC (1988) Brainstem systems mediate the enhancement of palatability by chlordiazepoxide. Berridge, KC (1988) Brainstem systems mediate the enhancement of palatability by chlordiazepoxide. Brain Research, Brain Research, 447: 262-268. 447: 262-268.

203 Chronic stress and the a.s.sociated activation Chronic stress and the a.s.sociated activation For a review see Wallenstein, GV (2002) For a review see Wallenstein, GV (2002) Mind Stress, and Emotions: The New Science of Mood Mind Stress, and Emotions: The New Science of Mood. Commonwealth Press, Boston.

203 For instance, in a landmark study, ethologist Dee Higley For instance, in a landmark study, ethologist Dee Higley Higley, JD, Hasert, MF, Suomi, SJ, et al. (1991) Nonhuman primate model of alcohol abuse: Effects of early experience, personality, and stress on alcohol consumption. Higley, JD, Hasert, MF, Suomi, SJ, et al. (1991) Nonhuman primate model of alcohol abuse: Effects of early experience, personality, and stress on alcohol consumption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 88: 7261-7265. 88: 7261-7265.

204 Another potential therapeutic target might be the opioid Another potential therapeutic target might be the opioid Panksepp, J (1998) Panksepp, J (1998) Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions. Oxford University Press, New York.

204 Clonidine, an alpha-1 noradrenergic Clonidine, an alpha-1 noradrenergic Gold, MS (1993) Opiate addiction and the locus coeruleus: the clinical utility of clonidine, natrexone, methadone, and buprenophine. Gold, MS (1993) Opiate addiction and the locus coeruleus: the clinical utility of clonidine, natrexone, methadone, and buprenophine. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 16: 61-73. 16: 61-73.

12 Parsing Pleasure 209 Indeed, becoming addicted to either smoking or drinking alcohol Indeed, becoming addicted to either smoking or drinking alcohol Pomerleau, CS, et al. (2004) Relations.h.i.+p between early experiences with tobacco and early experiences with alcohol. Pomerleau, CS, et al. (2004) Relations.h.i.+p between early experiences with tobacco and early experiences with alcohol. Addictive Behaviors, Addictive Behaviors, 29(6): 1245-51. 29(6): 1245-51.

210 This was the first broadly read account of how the advertising community This was the first broadly read account of how the advertising community Packard, V (1957) Packard, V (1957) The Hidden Persuaders The Hidden Persuaders. Pocket Books, New York.

211 Our innate preference for these features has been studied by marketing Our innate preference for these features has been studied by marketing See, for example, Bloch, PH (1995) Seeking the ideal form: Product design and consumer response. See, for example, Bloch, PH (1995) Seeking the ideal form: Product design and consumer response. Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing, 59(3): 16-29. 59(3): 16-29.