Trees of the Northern United States - LightNovelsOnl.com
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* Calyx, stipules, bracts, etc., often glandular. (=A.=)
=A.= Flowers and fruit often over 6 in a cl.u.s.ter. (=B.=)
=B.= Leaves usually abrupt at base 1.
=B.= Leaves usually attenuate at base 2.
=A.= Flowers and fruit few, 1 to 6 in a cl.u.s.ter 10.
* Calyx, etc., without glands (No. 4 has glandular teeth to the calyx); flowers many in a cl.u.s.ter. (=C.=)
=C.= Leaves more or less tapering at base. (=D.=)
=D.= Leaves generally lobed; cultivated, rarely escaped 3.
=D.= Leaves rarely lobed; native. (=E.=)
=E.= Leaves small, s.h.i.+ning, crenate at the end 5.
=E.= Leaves villous or p.u.b.escent, at least when young 9.
=E.= Leaves smooth or only downy at the axils, acutely serrate. South 7.
=C.= Leaves usually abrupt at base, sometimes cordate. (=F.=)
=F.= Leaves downy when young. (=G.=)
=G.= Leaves usually lobed 4.
=G.= Leaves rarely lobed; veins very prominent 8.
=F.= Leaves quite smooth 6.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. coccinea.]
1. =Crataegus coccinea=, L. (SCARLET-FRUITED THORN.) Leaves bright green, smooth, thin, roundish-ovate, sharply cut-toothed or lobed, on slender petioles. Branches reddish, villous-p.u.b.escent; spines stout, chestnut-brown. Flowers large, to 2/3 in., many in a corymb, on glandular peduncles. May to June. Fruit scarlet, round or pear-shaped, in.; ripe in September, with from 1 to 5 cells and seeds. Tall shrub or low tree, 10 to 25 ft. high, in hedges and woods; common from Canada to Florida.
Var. _mollis_ has the shoots densely p.u.b.escent; leaves large, slender-petioled, cuneate, cordate or truncate at base, usually with acute narrow lobes, often rough above, and more or less densely p.u.b.escent beneath. Flowers large, 1 in.; fruit light scarlet with a light bloom, 1 in. broad.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. Crus-galli.]
2. =Crataegus Crus-galli=, L. (c.o.c.kSPUR THORN.) Leaves smooth, thick, s.h.i.+ning above, wedge-obovate, finely serrate above the middle, with a short petiole. There are broad and narrow-leaved varieties. Flowers large and numerous, in lateral corymbs. May to June. Fruit globular, 1/3 in. broad, dull red; ripe in September and October. A small tree with a flat, bushy head, horizontal branches, and long, sharp thorns. Wild and common throughout, and often planted.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. oxyacantha.]
3. =Crataegus oxyacantha.= (ENGLISH HAWTHORN.) Leaves obovate, smooth, wedge-shaped at base, cut-lobed and toothed above. No glands. Flowers medium-sized, in., single or double, white, rose, or pink-red, numerous in corymbs. In spring. Fruit coral-red, 1/3 in.; ripe in autumn. A small tree or shrub, fine for lawn; from Europe; also escaped in some places.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. apiifolia.]
4. =Crataegus apiifolia=, Michx. (PARSLEY-LEAVED THORN.) Leaves small, ovate, with a broad truncate or heart-shaped base, pinnatifid into 5 to 7 crowded, irregularly toothed lobes; white and soft-downy when young, smoothish when grown; petioles slender. Flowers medium-sized, in., many in a corymb, white. May to June. Fruit small, 1/3 in., coral-red, ripe in autumn. A handsome, low (10 to 20 ft. high), spreading tree, with flexible branches and white-downy twigs. Virginia and south, in moist woods.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. spathulata.]
5. =Crataegus spathulata=, Michx. (SPATULATE-LEAVED THORN.) Leaves almost evergreen, thick, s.h.i.+ning, spatulate, crenate toward the apex and nearly sessile, those on the young downy branches somewhat cut or lobed.
Flowers small, in., in large cl.u.s.ters. May. Fruit small, in., bright red; ripe in October. A small tree, 12 to 25 ft. high; Virginia and south.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. cordata.]
6. =Crataegus cordata=, Ait. (WAs.h.i.+NGTON THORN.) Leaves broadly triangular-ovate, somewhat heart-shaped, thin, deep s.h.i.+ning green, smooth, often 3- to 5-lobed and serrate, on slender petioles. Flowers small, 2/5 in., many in terminal corymbs, white. May, June. Fruit scarlet, about the size of peas; ripe in September. A compact, close-headed, small tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, with many slender thorns.
Virginia, Kentucky, and southward. Sometimes planted in the North for hedges.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. viridis.]
7. =Crataegus viridis=, L. (TALL HAWTHORN.) Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, or lanceolate, or oblong-obovate, mostly acute at both ends, on slender petioles; acutely serrate, often somewhat lobed and often downy in the axils. Flowers numerous, in large cl.u.s.ters. Fruit bright red, or orange, ovoid, small, in. broad. A small tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, with few large thorns or without thorns. Southern Illinois and Missouri, along the Mississippi and in the Southern States.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. tomentsa.]
8. =Crataegus tomentsa=, L. (BLACK OR PEAR HAWTHORN.) Leaves downy-p.u.b.escent on the lower side (at least when young), thickish, rather large, oval or ovate-oblong, sharply toothed and often cut-lobed below, abruptly narrowed into a margined petiole, the upper surface impressed along the main veins or ribs. Branches gray. Flowers ill-scented, many in a corymb. Fruit in. long, obovate to globose, dull red. Shrub or tree, 10 to 30 ft. high, wild in western New York, west and south.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. punctata.]
9. =Crataegus punctata.= (DOTTED-FRUITED HAWTHORN.) Leaves rather small, mostly wedge-obovate, attenuate and entire below, unequally toothed above, rarely lobed, villous-p.u.b.escent, becoming smooth but dull, the veins prominent beneath and impressed above. Fruit globose, large, 1 in. broad, red to bright yellow; peduncles not glandular. Shrub to tree, 10 to 20 ft. high, with horizontal branches; Canada to Georgia.
[Ill.u.s.tration: C. flava.]
10. =Crataegus flava=, Ait. (YELLOW OR SUMMER HAW.) Leaves small, wedge-obovate, unequally toothed and cut above the middle; on short petioles; the teeth, stipules and petioles glandular. Flowers mostly solitary, white, large ( in). May. Fruit usually pear-shaped, quite large ( in. long), yellow or greenish-yellow, sometimes tinged or spotted with red, pleasant-flavored. Ripe in autumn. A low spreading tree, 15 to 20 ft. high. Virginia, south and west, in sandy soil.
Var. _p.u.b.escens_ is downy-or villous-p.u.b.escent when young, and has thicker leaves and larger and redder fruit.
GENUS =39. AMELaNCHIER.=
Small trees or shrubs with simple, deciduous, alternate, sharply serrate leaves; cherry-blossom-like, white flowers, in racemes at the end of the branches, before the leaves are fully expanded. Fruit a small apple-like pome; seeds 10 or less, in separate cartilaginous-coated cells.
[Ill.u.s.tration: A. Canadensis.]
=Amelanchier Canadensis=, Torr. & Gray. (SHAD-BUSH. SERVICE-BERRY.) A very variable species with many named varieties. The leaves, 1 to 3 in.
long, vary from narrow-oblong to roundish or cordate; bracts and stipules silky-ciliate. Flowers large, in drooping racemes, in early spring, with petals from 2 to 5 times as long as wide. Fruit globular, in. broad, purplish, sweet, edible; ripe in June. It varies from a low shrub to a middle-sized tree, 5 to 30 ft. high.
ORDER =XIX. HAMAMELiDEae.=
(WITCH-HAZEL FAMILY.)
A small family of trees and shrubs represented in most countries.
GENUS =40. HAMAMeLIS.=
