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Selections from Viri Romae Part 13

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[Footnotes: XI (pages 27-28)

27.12: The subjunctive expresses both time and cause: cf. p. 2, n. 13, and p. xxii, J.

27.13: The Veientes fought almost constantly against Rome from a very early time (cf. IV, 57; Livy says that they were defeated by Romulus) till their city was completely destroyed in 396 B.C.

27.14: #Fabios . . . date#: 'give the Veientes the Fabii as their enemies,' i.e. let the war against the Veientes be the special business of the Fabii.

27.15: Cf. p. 24, n. 9.

27.16: #n.o.bis . . . est#: since #n.o.bis# is a dat. of possession (H 430 (387): M 542: A 231: G 349: B 190) with #est#, the phrase exactly = 'we have it in mind.' The subject of #est# is the clause #id . . . gerere#. #Fabios# is strongly opposed to #vos#.

28.1: #comitante . . . agmine#: 'the Fabii accompanying him in a body.' How literally?

28.2: #ad . . . ferunt#: so we 'laud a person to the skies.'

28.3: #Numquam . . . neque . . . neque#: in Latin, as in English, two negatives neutralize each other and make an affirmative. To this law there are two regular exceptions in Latin: When a general negative like _non_, _numquam_, or _nemo_ is followed (1) by _neque . . . neque_ or (2) by the emphatic _ne . . . quidem_. In the former case the negation is distributed by the _neque . . .

neque_ into two (or more) clauses or phrases; in the latter, the full weight of the negation is concentrated upon a single word or phrase. In English a single negative is always to be employed.

28.4: dat. of purpose: cf. p. 25, n. 6. This construction is especially frequent with phrases consisting of a gerundive and a noun.

28.5: #non semel#: 'not once (only),' i.e. repeatedly.

28.6: Cf. p. 4, n. 4.

28.7: #Veientes . . . paenituisset#: lit., 'when it had repented the V. of the peace which they had secured.' What is our idiom?

#paenituisset# is wholly impersonal; #Veientes# is acc., though logically its subject, and #pacis# is gen., though logically its object. H 457 (409, III): M 585: A 221, _b_: G 377: B 209.

28.8: See p. 2, n. 13.

28.9: dat. of reference: H 425, 4, N. (384, 4, N. 2): M 537: A 235, _a_: G 346: B 187, II.

28.10: Sc. _eis_: 'to meet them.'

28.11: _delabor_.

28.12: _refero_.

28.13: locative: H 484, 2 (426, 2): M 622: A 258, _d_: G 411, R.

2: B 232, 2.

28.14: _relinquo_.

28.15: #Is . . . Maximum#: freely 'he saved the family from extinction and became the ancestor of Maximus.'

28.16: See Selection XIX.

28.17: Fabius, by his 'policy of masterly inactivity,' gained the t.i.tle of _Cunctator_, 'the Delayer.'

28.18: _frango_.]

#XII. Lucius Virginius# [[stripped text]]

Anno trecentesimo ab urbe condita pro duobus consulibus decemviri creati sunt, qui adlatas e Graecia leges populo proponerent. Duodecim tabulis eae sunt perscriptae. Ceterum decemviri sua ipsorum insolentia in exitium acti sunt. Nam unus ex iis Appius Claudius virginem plebeiam adamavit. Quam c.u.m Appius non posset pretio ac spe perlicere, unum e clientibus subornavit, qui eam in servitutem deposceret, facile victurum se sperans, c.u.m ipse esset et accusator et iudex. Lucius Virginius, puellae pater, tunc aberat militiae causa. Cliens igitur virgini venienti in Forum (namque ibi in tabernis litterarum ludi erant) iniecit manum, adfirmans suam esse servam. Eam sequi se iubet; ni faciat, minatur se vi abstracturum. Pavida puella stupente, ad clamorem nutricis fit concursus. Itaque c.u.m ille puellam vi non posset abducere, eam vocat in ius, ipso Appio iudice.

Interea missi nuntii ad Virginium properant. Is commeatu sumpto a castris profectus prima luce Romam advenit, c.u.m iam civitas in Foro exspectatione erecta stabat. Virginius statim in Forum lacrimabundus et civium opem implorans filiam suam deducit. Neque eo setius Appius, c.u.m in tribunal escendisset, Virginiam clienti suo addixit. Tum pater, ubi nihil usquam auxilii vidit, "Quaeso," inquit "Appi, ignosce patrio dolori; sine me filiam ultimum adloqui." Data venia pater c.u.m filiam seduxisset, ab lanio cultro adrepto pectus puellae transfigit. Tum vero sibi viam facit et respersus cruore ad exercitum profugit et milites ad vindicandum facinus accendit. Concitatus exercitus montem Aventinum insedit; decem tribunos militum creavit; decemviros magistratu se abdicare coegit eosque omnes aut morte aut exilio multavit; ipse Appius Claudius in carcerem coniectus mortem sibi conscivit.

[[29]]

#XII. Lucius Virginius# [[as printed]]

Anno trecentesimo[1] ab urbe[2] condita pro duobus consulibus decemviri creati sunt, qui[3] adlatas e Graecia leges populo proponerent.[4] Duodecim[5] tabulis[6] eae sunt perscriptae. Ceterum decemviri[7] sua[8] ipsorum insolentia in exitium acti sunt. Nam unus ex iis Appius Claudius virginem plebeiam adamavit. Quam[9] {5} c.u.m Appius non posset pretio ac spe perlicere, unum e clientibus[10] subornavit, qui eam in[11] servitutem deposceret,[12]

facile victurum[13] se sperans, c.u.m ipse esset et accusator et iudex. Lucius Virginius, puellae pater, tunc aberat militiae causa. Cliens igitur virgini[14] venienti in Forum (namque ibi in tabernis litterarum[15]

ludi erant) iniecit manum, adfirmans suam esse servam. Eam {11} sequi se iubet; ni faciat,[16] minatur se vi abstracturum. Pavida puella[17] stupente,[17] ad clamorem nutricis fit concursus. Itaque c.u.m ille puellam vi non posset abducere, eam vocat in ius, ipso Appio[17] iudice.[17] {15}

[Sidenote: B.C. 449.]

Interea missi nuntii ad Virginium properant. Is commeatu sumpto a castris profectus prima luce Romam advenit, c.u.m iam civitas in Foro exspectatione erecta stabat. Virginius statim in Forum lacrimabundus et civium opem implorans filiam suam [[30]]

deducit. Neque[1] eo setius Appius, c.u.m in tribunal escendisset, {20} Virginiam clienti suo addixit. Tum pater, ubi nihil usquam auxilii[2] vidit, "Quaeso," inquit "Appi, ignosce patrio dolori[3]; sine me filiam ultimum adloqui." Data venia pater c.u.m filiam seduxisset, ab lanio cultro[4] adrepto pectus puellae transfigit.

Tum vero sibi viam facit et respersus cruore ad exercitum profugit et milites ad vindicandum facinus accendit. Concitatus {26} exercitus montem Aventinum insedit; decem tribunos[5] militum creavit; decemviros magistratu se abdicare coegit[6] eosque omnes aut morte aut exilio multavit; ipse Appius Claudius in carcerem coniectus mortem sibi conscivit.[7] {30}

[Footnotes: XII (pages 29-30)

29.1: The dating is not exact, as the Decemvirs were elected in 451 B.C.

29.2: Cf. p. 5, n. 15.

29.3: #qui . . . proponerent#: i.e. after studying the laws of Greece, they were to draw up a code and submit it to the people.

29.4: Cf. p. 5, n. 3.

29.5: From this circ.u.mstance the code was known as the _Leges XII Tabularum_.

29.6: abl. of means; we say '_on_ tablets.' The tablets were of bronze. For many centuries Roman schoolboys had to commit these laws to memory.

29.7: The Decemvirs had been elected for one year, at the end of which time they reported their work still unfinished, and a second board was chosen. The story that follows concerns the second board. All accounts agree that the rule of the first board was in all respects just.

29.8: #sua ipsorum#: a strong expression for 'their own.'

29.9: Cf. p. 4, n. 3.

29.10: See Vocab., _cliens_.

29.11: #in servitutem# expresses purpose (cf. p. 14, n. 4), and so = _ut serva esset_.

29.12: Cf. p. 5, n. 3.

29.13: _vinco_.

29.14: Join with #iniecit manum#, and cf. p. 2, n. 7.

29.15: #litterarum ludi#: schools where children were taught their A B C's, i.e. what we should call 'primary schools.'

29.16: subjunctive as the subordinate clause of the indirect quotation, which depends on #minatur#. The threat was: _Ni (id) feceris, vi (te) abstraham_.

29.17: abl. abs.

30.1: #Neque eo setius#: 'nevertheless.' How literally? #eo# = 'for that reason.'

30.2: part.i.tive gen. with #nihil#: H 441 (397, 1): M 564: A 216, _a_, 3: G 369: B 201, 2.

30.3: dat. with #ignosce#: H 426, 2 (385, II): M 531: A 227: G 346: B 187, II, _a_.

30.4: #cultro . . . transfigit#: cf. p. 2, n. 8.

30.5: #tribunos#: two armies were in the field against the Sabines and Aequians. The eight Decemvirs who commanded them were deposed, and ten tribunes, or 'captains,' were chosen in their place.

30.6: _cogo_.

30.7: _conscisco_. With this whole story cf. Macaulay's _Lays_, _Virginia_.]

#XIII. t.i.tus Manlius Torquatus# [[stripped text]]

t.i.tus Manlius ob ingenii et linguae tarditatem a patre rus relegatus erat. Qui c.u.m audivisset patri diem dictam esse a Pomponio, tribuno plebis, cepit consilium rudis quidem et agrestis animi, sed pietate laudabile. Cultro succinctus mane in urbem atque a porta confestim ad Pomponium pergit: introductus cultrum stringit et super lectum Pomponii stans se eum transfixurum minatur, nisi ab incepta accusatione desistat.

Pavidus tribunus, quippe qui cerneret ferrum ante oculos micans, accusationem dimisit. Ea res adulescenti eo maiori fuit honori quod animum eius acerbitas paterna a pietate non avertisset, ideoque eodem anno tribunus militum factus est.

c.u.m postea Galli ad tertium lapidem trans Anienem fluvium castra posuissent, exercitus Roma.n.u.s ab urbe profectus in citeriore ripa fluvii const.i.tit. Pons in medio erat: tunc Gallus eximia corporis magnitudine in vacuum pontem processit et quam maxima voce potuit "Quem nunc" inquit "Roma fortissimum habet, is procedat agedum ad pugnam, ut eventus certaminis nostri ostendat utra gens bello sit melior." Diu inter primores iuvenum Romanorum silentium fuit. Tum t.i.tus Manlius ex statione ad imperatorem pergit: "Iniussu tuo," inquit, "imperator, extra ordinem numquam pugnaverim, non si certam victoriam videam; si tu permittis, volo ego illi beluae ostendere me ex ea familia ortum esse, quae Gallorum agmen ex rupe Tarpeia deiecit." Cui imperator "Macte virtute,"

inquit "t.i.te Manli, esto: perge et nomen Romanum invictum praesta."

Armant deinde iuvenem aequales: scutum capit, Hispano cingitur gladio, ad propiorem pugnam habili. Exspectabat eum Gallus stolide laetus et linguam ab inrisu exserens. Ubi const.i.tere inter duas acies, Gallus ensem c.u.m ingenti sonitu in arma Manlii deiecit. Manlius vero inter corpus et arma Galli sese insinuans uno alteroque ictu ventrem transfodit et in spatium ingens ruentem porrexit hostem; iacenti torquem detraxit, quem cruore respersum collo circ.u.mdedit suo. Defixerat pavor c.u.m admiratione Gallos; Romani alacres obviam militi suo progrediuntur et gratulantes laudantesque ad imperatorem perduc.u.n.t. Manlius inde Torquati cognomen accepit.

Idem Manlius, postea consul factus bello Latino, ut disciplinam militarem rest.i.tueret, edixit ne quis extra ordinem in hostes pugnaret.

T. Manlius, consulis filius, c.u.m propius forte ad stationem hostium accessisset, is, qui Latino equitatui praeerat, ubi consulis filium agnovit, "Visne" inquit "congredi mec.u.m, ut singularis certaminis eventu cernatur, quantum eques Latinus Romano praestet?" Movit ferocem animum iuvenis seu ira seu detrectandi certaminis pudor. Itaque oblitus imperii paterni in certamen ruit et Latinum ex equo excussum transfixit spoliisque lectis in castra ad patrem venit. Extemplo filium aversatus consul milites cla.s.sico advocat. Qui postquam frequentes convenere, "Quandoquidem" inquit "tu, fili, contra imperium consulis pugnasti, oportet disciplinam, quam solvisti, poena tua rest.i.tuas. Triste exemplum, sed in posterum salubre iuventuti eris. I, lictor, deliga ad palum." Metu omnes obstupuere; sed postquam cervice caesa fusus est cruor, in questus et lamenta erupere. Manlio Romam redeunti seniores tantum obviam exierunt: iuventus et tunc eum et omni deinde vita exsecrata est.

Operae pretium erit aliud severitatis disciplinae Romanae exemplum proferre, simul ut appareat quam facile severitas in crudelitatem et furorem abeat. Cn. Piso fuit vir a multis vitiis integer, sed pravus et cui placebat pro constantia rigor. Is c.u.m iratus ad mortem duci iussisset militem, quasi interfecisset commilitonem, c.u.m quo egressus erat e castris et sine quo redierat, roganti tempus aliquod ad conquirendum non dedit. d.a.m.natus miles extra castrorum vallum ductus est et iam cervicem porrigebat, c.u.m subito apparuit ille commilito, qui occisus dicebatur. Tunc centurio supplicio praepositus condere gladium carnificem iubet. Ambo commilitones alter alterum complexi ingenti concursu et magno gaudio exercitus deduc.u.n.tur ad Pisonem. Ille conscendit tribunal furens et utrumque ad mortem duci iubet, adicit et centurionem, qui d.a.m.natum militem reduxerat, haec praefatus: "Te morte plecti iubeo, quia iam d.a.m.natus es; te, quia causa d.a.m.nationis commilitoni fuisti; te, quia iussus occidere militem imperatori non paruisti."

Ceterum Manlianae gentis propriam fere fuisse illam in filios acerbitatem alius Manlius, illius de quo supra diximus nepos, ostendit.

c.u.m Macedonum legati Romam venissent conquestum de Silano, Manlii Torquati filio, quod praetor provinciam expila.s.set, pater, avitae severitatis heres, petiit a patribus conscriptis ne quid de ea re statuerent, antequam ipse inspexisset Macedonum et filii sui causam. Id a senatu libenter concessum est viro summae dignitatis, consulari iurisque civilis peritissimo. Itaque, inst.i.tuta domi cognitione causae, solus per totum biduum utramque partem audiebat ac tertio die p.r.o.nuntiavit filium suum videri non talem fuisse in provincia, quales eius maiores fuissent, et in conspectum suum deinceps venire vetuit. Tam tristi patris iudicio perculsus lucem ulterius intueri non sustinuit et proxima nocte vitam suspendio finivit. Peregerat Torquatus severi et religiosi iudicis partes, satisfactum erat rei publicae, habebat ultionem Macedonia, at nondum erat inflexus patris rigor. Igitur ne exsequiis quidem filii interfuit, ut patribus mos erat apud Romanos, et eo ipso die, quo funus eius ducebatur, aures, ut solebat, volentibus consulere se de iure praebuit.

#XIII. t.i.tus Manlius Torquatus# [[as printed]]

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