Fire Prevention and Fire Extinction Part 16

Distance to which it can be projected with the least amount of loss.

Simplicity, accessibility, and durability of parts.

LARGE CLa.s.s.

FIRST TRIAL.

Delivering 1000 gallons into a tank at a true distance of 67 feet, and 27 from the horizon. Depth from which water was drawn, 4 feet 6 inches. The water in the boiler being cold when the signal was given to commence, each engine commencing to work on attaining steam pressure of 100lb. to the square inch.

+---+-----------------+--------------+----------+---------+--------+ | | | | Time of | Time of | | |No.| MAKER. | Weight. | raising | filling | Total | | | | | Steam to | Tank. | Time. | | | | | 100lbs. | | | +---+-----------------+--------------+----------+---------+--------+ | | | T. c. q. lbs.| ' " | ' " | ' " | | 1 | Easton & Amos, | 2 18 3 12 | 13 14 | 6 16 | 19 30 | | | London | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Merryweather & | 2 18 0 8 | 10 25 | 9 42 | 20 7 | | | Son, London | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | Shand & Mason, | 2 17 1 0 | 10 51 | 12 19 | 23 10 | | | London | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | b.u.t.t and Co., | 2 14 0 4 | 16 30 | 6 48 | 23 18 | | | United States | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | Roberts, London | 1 19 1 4 | 11 40 | 20 24 | 32 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nichols | 2 10 1 4 | Did not work. | | | (Manhattan) | | | | | United States | | | | | | | | | | Gray & Son, | 1 18 1 4 | Did not work. | | | London | | | +---+-----------------+--------------+----------+---------+--------+

MERRYWEATHER AND SON began to work at 100 lbs., fell directly to 40 lbs., and continued so throughout; stopped and steam rose to 130 lbs.

SHAND AND MASON--Suction-pipe choked; left off working about 2 minutes.

SECOND TRIAL.

Delivering 1000 gallons into tank at same distance commencing with full steam.

+-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+ | | | Steam at | Steam | Time of | | No. | NAME. | Beginning. | during | filling | | | | | Work. | Tank. | +-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+ | | | | | ' " | | 1 | Shand & Mason | 100 | | 3 0 | | | | | | | | 2 | b.u.t.t & Co. | 100 | | 3 3 | | | | | | | | 3 | Merryweather & Son | 145 | | 3 7 | | | | | | | | 4 | Roberts | 80 | | 12 30 | +-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+ Roberts did not fill the tank.

THIRD TRIAL.

Delivering into large tank at a horizontal distance of 40 feet, a vertical height of 40 feet, a true distance of 56 feet, and at an angle of 45 degrees from the horizon, the depth from which water was drawn being 16 feet 4 inches.

Key: A--No. of Deliveries Open.

B--Length of Hose.

C--Average Steam Pressure.

D--Average Water Pressure.

E--No. of Gallons Delivered.

+-----+-----------+---------+---+---+--------+----+----+-------+-------+ | | | | | |Size of | | | |Time of| |No.| Name. | Time. | A | B |Nozzle. | C | D | E |Raising| | | | | | | | | | |Steam. | +---+-------------+---------+---+---+--------+----+----+-------+-------+ | | |hr. m. s.| | | | | | | | | 1 | Merryweather| 1 24 55 | 2 |440| 1-1/2 | 91 | 89 |16,086 |10' 32"| | | & Son | | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | | | | | 80lbs.| | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Shand | 2 0 0 | 2 |440| 1-1/2 &| 96 | 62 |12,917 |11' 21"| | | & Mason | | | | 1-3/8 | | | | to | | | | | | | | | | |120lbs.| | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | Roberts | 2 0 0 | 1 |420| 1-1/4 | 75 | 75 | 9,936 |11' 20"| | | | | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | | | | | 80lbs.| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | b.u.t.t & Co. | 0 46 50 | 2 |440| 1-1/2 | 78 | 78 | 8,280 |14' 10"| | | | | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | | | | | 45lbs.| | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | Easton & | 1 32 35 | 2 |440| 1-3/8 | 98 | 41 | 3,036 |12' 30"| | | & Amos | | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | | | | | 90lbs.| | | | | | | | | | | | | 6 | Nichols | 0 4 55 | 2 |420| 1-1/2 | -- | -- | None. |13' 09"| | | (Manhattan) | | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | | | | | 45lbs.| +---+-------------+---------+---+---+--------+----+----+-------+-------+

MERRYWEATHER AND SON--Fire lighted at 4h. 1m. 55s.; gauge moved at 4h.

8m. 20s.; engine started at 4h. 12m. 27s.; water drawn in about 10 revolutions; pumps not primed, valve box leaked slightly, and engine worked satisfactorily in every respect.

SHAND AND MASON--Fire lighted at 11h. 25m. 46s.; gauge moved at 11h.

32m. 53s.; engine started at 11h. 37m. 7s.; pump primed at 11h. 45m.

48s.; drew water at 11h. 47m.; water first through the nozzle at 11h.

48m. 59s.; in hood at 11h. 49m. 19s.; s.h.i.+fted nozzle (3-1/4m. delay); high wind.

ROBERTS--Fire lighted at 11h. 17m.; engine, started at 11h. 28m. 20s.

b.u.t.t AND CO.--Fire lighted at 5h. 55m. 10s.; started engine at 6h. 9m.

20s.; repeatedly stopped from slide valves not acting, and stopped entirely at 6h. 46m., from cylinder cover breaking.

EASTON AND AMOS--Fire lighted at 2h. 2m. 35s.; gauge moved 2h. 10m.; started engine at 2h. 15m. 5s.; pumps primed, worked till 2h. 54m.

5s.; stopped to s.h.i.+ft plungers; went to work again, and stopped entirely at 3h. 35m. 10s., from two fire bars falling out.

NICHOLS (Manhattan)--Fire lighted at 10h. 51m. 14s.; gauge moved at 10h. 59m. 20s.; drew water directly; steam up to 140lbs. at 11h. 8m.

45s.; stopped two minutes; started again; made a few revolutions, and fly-wheel broke.

FOURTH TRIAL

Vertical Jet against Tower.

+-----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+ | No. | Name. | Size | Greatest Height | | | | of Jet. | Thrown. | +-----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+ | 1 | Shand & Mason | 22/16 | 180 ft. | | | | | | | 2 | Merryweather & Son | 26/16 | 180 ft. | | | | | | | 3 | Roberts | 14/16 | 150 ft. | | | | | | | 4 | Lee & Co | 21/16 | 55 ft. | +-----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+

GRAY'S engine lighted fire at 7h. 7m. 40s.; steam 9lbs. at 7h. 17m.

0s.; got to work at 7h. 23m. 40s. to blow fires; at 7h. 27m. 0s. water through hose. Owing to some of the pipe connected with the steam gauge breaking, no further experiments could be made.

SMALL CLa.s.s.

FIRST TRIAL.

Delivering 1000 gallons into a tank at a true distance of 50ft. and 37 from the horizon. Depth from which water was drawn, 4ft. 6in. The water in the boilers being cold when the signal was given to commence, each engine commencing to work on attaining steam pressure of 100lbs.

to the square inch.

+---+---------------+---------------+-----------+---------+--------+ | | | | Time of | Time of | | |No.| Name. | Weight. | raising | filling | Total | | | | | Steam | Tank. | Time. | | | | | to 100lbs.| | | +---+---------------+---------------+-----------+---------+--------+ | | | T. c. q. lbs.| ' " | ' " | ' " | | 1 | Shand & Mason | 1 9 2 0 | 11 36 | 5 24 | 17 0 | | | | | | | | | 2 | Lee & Co | 1 10 0 0 | 11 55 | 6 3 | 17 58 | | | | | | | | | 3 | Merryweather | 1 10 1 12 | 12 15 | 9 14 | 21 29 | | | & Son | | | | | +---+---------------+---------------+-----------+---------+--------+

Owing to a broken bolt, there was great leakage in water cylinder of Lee and Co's. engine.

SECOND TRIAL.

Delivering 1000 gallons into tank at same distance, commencing with full steam.

+-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+ | | | Steam | Steam | Time | | No. | Name. | at | during | filling | | | | Beginning. | Work. | Tank. | +-----+--------------------+------------+--------+---------+ | | | | | ' " | | 1 | Shand & Mason | 85 | -- | 5 49 | | | | | | | | 2 | Lee & Co. | 125 | -- | 5 50 | | | | | | | | 3 | Merryweather & Son | 100 | -- | 6 17 | +---------------------------------------+--------+---------+ The leakage in Lee and Co's. engine was remedied.

THIRD TRIAL.

Delivering into large tank, commencing with Full Steam. At a horizontal distance of 40ft., a vertical height of 40ft., a true distance of 56ft., and at an angle of 45 from the horizon; the depth from which water was drawn being 16ft. 4in.

Key A--Number of Deliveries open.

B--Average Steam Pressure.

C--Average Water Pressure.

D--No. of Gallons Delivered.

+--------------+---+---------+---+--------+---------+-----+----+------+ | | | | | Length | Size of | | | | | Name. |No.| Time. | A | of | Nozzle. | B | C | D | | | | | | Hose. | | | | | +--------------+---+---------+---+--------+---------+-----+----+------+ | | | h. m. s.| | | in. | | | | | Shand & | 1 | 1 0 0 | 1 | 420 | 1 & | 146 | 80 | 8142 | | Mason | | | | | 1-1/4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Merryweather | 2 | 1 0 0 | 1 | 420 | 7/8 | 86 | 45 | 4885 | | & Son | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lee & Co. | 3 | 1 0 0 | 1 | 420 | 3/4 | 80 | 60 | 4278 | | | | | | | | | | | +--------------+---+---------+---+--------+---------+-----+----+------+

SHAND AND MASON--Steam ready at 150 lbs.; started at 7h. 3m. 32s.; stopped at 7h. 12m. 5s. to put on an additional length of hose; worked well throughout.

MERRYWEATHER AND SON--Steam ready at 110 lbs.; commenced work at 3h.

43m. 30s.; pumps primed.