Chapters in the History of the Insane in the British Isles Part 41

(Page 258.)

The sketch of the rise and growth of county asylums and registered hospitals would not be complete without giving the provision obtained, up to the present time, by means of rates on the one hand and private charity on the other. We are not concerned here with private asylums.

The following are the asylums and charitable hospitals in England and Wales, January 1st, 1881, with the number of patients.

_Counties._--Beds., Herts, and Hunts. (913); Berks (420), Bucks. (421), Cambridge (421); Carmarthen, Cardigan, and Pembroke (335); Chester--at Chester (521), ditto at Macclesfield (632); Cornwall (582); c.u.mberland and Westmoreland (447); Denbigh, Anglesea, Carnarvon, Flint, and Merioneth (427); Derby (404), Devon (800), Dorset (469), Durham (944), Ess.e.x (932), Glamorgan (581), Gloucester (662), Hants (792), Hereford (364), Kent--at Maidstone (1253), ditto at Canterbury (692); Lancaster--at Lancaster Moor (1118), ditto at Rainhill (675), ditto at Prestwich (1211), ditto at Whittingham (1260); Leicester and Rutland (463), Lincoln (600); Middles.e.x--at Banstead (1702), Colney Hatch (2173), Hanwell (1841); Monmouth, Brecon, and Radnor (537); Norfolk (619), Northampton (557), Northumberland (432), Notts (280), Oxford (471), Salop and Montgomery (50), Somerset (733); Stafford--at Stafford (645), ditto at Burntwood (529); Suffolk (401); Surrey--at Wandsworth (1028), ditto at Brookwood (1050); Suss.e.x (802), Warwick (644), Wilts (586), Worcester (766); York--North Riding, York (525); ditto West Riding, Wakefield (1400); ditto West Riding, Sheffield (1125); ditto East Riding, Beverley (260).

_Boroughs._--Birmingham (676), Bristol (387), Hull (163), Ipswich (249), Leicester (392), City of London (380), Newcastle-on-Tyne (248), Norwich (171), Nottingham (262), Portsmouth (375).

_Metropolitan District Asylums._--Leavesden, Herts (1990); Darenth, Kent (687); Caterham, Surrey (2039).

_Hospitals._--Manchester Royal Lunatic Hospital, Cheadle (183); Wonford House, Exeter (93); Barnwood House, Gloucester (111); Lincoln Lunatic Hospital (56); St. Luke's Hospital (199); Bethel Hospital, Norwich (74); St. Andrew's Hospital, Northampton (314); Nottingham Lunatic Hospital (66); Warneford Asylum, Oxford (68); Coton Hill, Stafford (146); Bethlem Hospital (265); Bootham Asylum, York (187); The Retreat, York (151).

_Idiot Establishments._ See chapter viii., pp. 307-319.

_Naval and Military Hospitals and India Asylum._--Royal Military Hospital, Netley (34); Royal India Lunatic Asylum, Ealing (105); Royal Naval Hospital, Yarmouth (168).

_Criminal Asylum._--Broadmoor (491). See chapter vi.

The total number of ascertained lunatics and idiots in England and Wales, January 1st, was as follows:--

----------------+------------------+--------------------+-------------------- | Private. | Pauper. | Total.

+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Location. | M. | F. |Total.| M. | F. |Total.| M. | F. |Total.

----------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ 61 county and | | | | | | | | | borough | | | | | | | | | asylums | | | | | | | | | (51 and 10) | 230| 309| 539|18,427|22,389|40,816|18,657|22,698|41,355 | | | | | | | | | 16 registered | | | | | | | | | hospitals |1,454|1,346| 2,800| 92| 56| 148| 1,546| 1,402| 2,948 | | | | | | | | | Licensed houses:| | | | | | | | | 35 Metropolitan |1,030| 836| 1,866| 198| 447| 645| 1,228| 1,283| 2,511 59 Provincial | 738| 816| 1,554| 257| 304| 561| 995| 1,120| 2,115 | | | | | | | | | 3 naval and | | | | | | | | | military and | | | | | | | | | hospitals, | | | | | | | | | Royal India | | | | | | | | | Asylum | 288| 19| 307| -- | -- | -- | 288| 19| 307 | | | | | | | | | 1 criminal | | | | | | | | | lunatic asylum| | | | | | | | | (Broadmoor) | 172| 55| 227| 199| 65| 264| 371| 120| 491 | | | | | | | | | Workhouses: | | | | | | | | | Ordinary | | | | | | | | | workhouses | -- | -- | -- | 5,211| 6,882|12,093| 5,211| 6,882|12,093 | | | | | | | | | Metropolitan | | | | | | | | | district | | | | | | | | | asylums | -- | -- | -- | 2,144| 2,574| 4,718| 2,144| 2,574| 4,718 | | | | | | | | | Private single | | | | | | | | | patients | 175| 273| 448| -- | -- | -- | 175| 273| 448 | | | | | | | | | Outdoor paupers | -- | -- | -- | 2,358| 3,769| 6,127| 2,358| 3,769| 6,127 +-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ --- | | | | | | | | |73,113 175 Total |4,087|3,654| 7,741|28,886|36,486|65,372|32,973|40,140|[318]

FOOTNOTES:

[318] Exclusive of 224 Chancery patients residing with their committees.

APPENDIX K II.

(Page 276.)

It should have been stated in the text that the ratio of the insane there given to the number of those tried, only refers to those tried for murder. I am indebted to Dr. Guy for the following additional figures, extracted from the last volume of the Judicial Statistics:--

------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------ |1875.|1876.|1877.|1878.|1879.|1880.

------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------ Sentenced to death | 33 | 32 | 34 | 20 | 34 | 28 Executed | 18 | 22 | 22 | 15 | 16 | 13 Subsequently certified as | | | | | | insane and sent to Broadmoor| 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 ------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------

The following figures for 1878 are of interest:--

Removed by order of Secretary of State, acquitted as insane 33.2 Ditto, becoming insane after trial 22.2 Ditto, becoming insane after committal 23.5 Ditto, found or declared insane 20.9 Committed by justices--dangerous lunatics 0.2 ----- 100.0

The last figure is in striking contrast with the return from Ireland, where, on account of the peculiarity of the law, the justices committed 1276 as dangerous lunatics, out of 1393 sent to asylums in the same year.

APPENDIX L.

(Page 284.)

Since Broadmoor was opened, in 1863, to January 1, 1881, the number of persons admitted was 1322; the re-admissions were 27, making 1349 cases.

The number discharged recovered was 108; the number recovered and sent back to prison to finish their sentences, 59; making a total of recoveries of 167, or 12.37 per cent. of the admissions. There were transferred to other asylums, being still insane, 452; and 234 died, or 2 per cent. on average number resident. Twenty-one patients escaped and were recaptured, 3 escaped and were not recaptured. The number remaining January 1, 1881, was 490.

Of these, 19 were affected with epilepsy; 13 with paralysis; and 4 with epilepsy and paralysis.

The princ.i.p.al crimes were as follows:--For murder, 220; attempt to murder, 122; arson, 28; larceny and petty theft, 25; insubordination as soldiers, 18; burglary and housebreaking, 16; manslaughter, 10.

With reference to the period at which insanity was recognized, 39 were certified to be insane whilst awaiting trial or judgment; 117 were found insane by jury on arraignment; 244 were acquitted on the ground of insanity; 13 were reprieved on the ground of insanity; and 77 were certified insane whilst undergoing sentence of penal servitude.

Of 230 who had committed homicide, 93 had killed their own children; 23 their wives; 8 women to whom engaged; 7 the mother, and 4 the father; while 18 had killed fellow patients in asylums.

APPENDIX M.

(Page 298.)

The following are some of the statistics of the duties performed in the office of the Masters in Lunacy during the year ending October 31, 1879:--

Orders for inquiry in Commissions of Lunacy executed by Masters in Lunacy 115

Reports made to the Lord Chancellor 248

Summonses for proceedings before the Masters 5739

REGISTRAR IN LUNACY.

Pet.i.tions presented for hearing 253

Ditto for orders for inquiry, and for orders under Lunacy Regulation Act, 1862 179

Orders made for inquiry (Commissioners in Lunacy) 119

Number of orders made in pursuance of the Lunacy Regulation Act, 1862, for the application of properties of small amounts for the maintenance of lunatics 51

CASH ACCOUNTS.